FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\arm[1]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\arm¹

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0000710

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\arm

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

arm^XK22, arm^XK

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Riggleman et al., 1989, Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Nucleotide substitution: ?3013?.

(Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004)

Amino acid replacement: ??term.

(Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004, Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990)

Nucleotide substitution: A3013T.

(Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

X:1,895,581..1,895,581 [-]

Nucleotide change:

A1895581T

Reported nucleotide change:

A3013T

Amino acid change:

Reported amino acid change:

??term

(Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004, Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Jackson et al., 2002)

ameliorates Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia

modeled by Marcal1^UAS.cBa

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

adult cardial valve | precursor

(Pankratz and Hoch, 1995)

denticle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, arm^{ΔN.UAS.Tag:HA,Tag:Myr(Unk)}, arm^{Tag:MYC,Tag:PM(hKRAS)}

(Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004)

dorsal row of wing sensilla

(Couso et al., 1994)

egg | germline clone

(White et al., 1998, Peifer et al., 1993, Perrimon et al., 1989)

egg chamber | germline clone

(White et al., 1998)

embryo

(White et al., 1998)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

(White et al., 1998)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, arm^{ΔN.UAS.Tag:HA,Tag:Myr(Unk)}, arm^{Tag:MYC,Tag:PM(hKRAS)}

(Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | ventral

(White et al., 1998)

embryonic dorsal epidermis

(Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987)

embryonic gnathal segment

(Rusch and Kaufman, 2000)

embryonic head

(White et al., 1998, Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987)

embryonic head, with arm^S14.Tag:MYC

(Dumstrei et al., 2002)

embryonic optic lobe primordium, with arm^S14.Tag:MYC

(Dumstrei et al., 2002)

embryonic segment

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

embryonic segment | cell autonomous | somatic clone

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

embryonic ventral epidermis, with arm^S14.Tag:MYC

(Dumstrei et al., 2002)

follicle cell | somatic clone

(Tanentzapf et al., 2000)

gonad

(Warrior, 1994)

imaginal disc | larval stage | somatic clone

(Peifer et al., 1991)

nurse cell & nucleus | germ-line clone

(White et al., 1998, Peifer et al., 1993)

nurse cell | germline clone

(White et al., 1998)

nurse cell ring canal | germline clone

(White et al., 1998)

oocyte

(Gonzalez-Reyes and St. Johnston, 1998)

oocyte | germline clone

(White et al., 1998, Peifer et al., 1993)

ovariole

(Peifer et al., 1993)

ovariole | germline clone

(Perrimon et al., 1989)

ovary | germline clone

(Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004)

ventral row of wing sensilla

(Couso et al., 1994)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Heterozygous arm¹ mutant flies have normal wings.

Homozygous arm¹ mutant embryos are small compared to wild type with severe segment polarity defects.

(Vuong et al., 2014)

Homozygous mutant germ-line clones do not produce embryos, due to a defect in oogenesis.

(Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004)

Embryos expressing arm^{S14.T:Hsap\MYC} in an arm¹ mutant background do not show a wg loss of function phenotype in the cuticle. The embryos have defects in the ventral epidermis and the head that resemble a weak to moderate shg mutant phenotype. In particular, there are foci of cell death in and around the optic placodes. The optic placode does form but loses its epithelial structure and fails to invaginate in late embryos.

(Dumstrei et al., 2002)

The addition of arm¹ suppresses the eye phenotype seen in Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ animals almost to wild-type, except for the anterior margin.

(Jackson et al., 2002)

The gnathal lobes are reduced in mutant embryos.

(Rusch and Kaufman, 2000)

Large follicle cell clones mutant for arm¹ form a follicular epithelium. The follicle cells often have a flat shape or show a multilayered structure.

(Tanentzapf et al., 2000)

Homozygous female germ line clones give rise to egg chambers with misplaced oocytes in 47.5% of cases. The misplaced oocytes are properly determined and have a normal karyosome.

(Gonzalez-Reyes and St. Johnston, 1998)

Females with homozygous germlines do not complete oogenesis and do not lay eggs. The oocyte is positioned randomly in the egg chambers of these females, nurse cells and their nuclei are an irregular shape and size, and floating ring canals and actin inclusions are seen. Nurse cell dumping is inhibited. Hemizygous embryos show a severe segment polarity phenotype characterised by a reduced length (approximately 1/3 wild-type), loss of head structures and a lawn of denticles.

(White et al., 1998)

Enhances the mutant wing phenotype of survivors produced by Scer\GAL4^en-e16E mediated expression of P{UAS-shg.CADⁱ} (most die as pupae).

(Sanson et al., 1996)

Cardiac arrest phenotype, foregut cells are clustered at the top of the proventriculus and cannot migrate inside to form the cardiac valve.

(Pankratz and Hoch, 1995)

Clones generated late in development display abnormal cell differentiation and alterations of patterning in the wing margin.

(Couso et al., 1994)

Defective in gonad assembly.

(Warrior, 1994)

Cortical actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic actin filaments and ring canals are all disrupted in arm mutant germlines, the nurse cells' nuclei may be mis-positioned and there may be large aggregates of actin in both nurse cells and oocyte. In some mutant egg chambers border cell migration is perturbed. Unlaid eggs become surrounded by eggshells with normally positioned dorsal/anterior chorionic appendages and with a micropyle at the anterior end.

(Peifer et al., 1993)

Mirror segmentation phenotype of embryos is not altered by wg^hs.PN.

(Sampedro et al., 1993)

Homozygous clone tissue dies in the imaginal discs of larvae suggesting that arm⁺ activity is required in late larval and pupal stages.

(Peifer et al., 1991)

Embryos have large holes in the cuticle covering the head, are only one third as long as wild type embryos and have slight defects in dorsal closure.

(Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990)

Neuronal cell fate remains unchanged.

(Patel et al., 1989)

Head and dorsal closure defects. Abnormal oogenesis.

(Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987)

Segmentation of homozygous embryos appears defective by germband shortening, with a mirror image duplication of the anterior third of each segment. The phenotype is cell autonomous in mosaic embryos. Homozygous germ line clones in females are arrested in oogenesis.

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

arm¹ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, shg^{i.UAS.Tag:SS(aos),Tag:MYC}

(Greaves et al., 1999)

arm¹ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96, mam^N.UAS

(Helms et al., 1999)

arm¹ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^69B, fz^UAS.N

(Zhang and Carthew, 1998)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

arm¹/arm[+] is a suppressor of abnormal size phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, egr^UAS.cIa

(Zhang et al., 2015)

arm¹/arm[+] is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, egr^UAS.cIa

(Zhang et al., 2015)

arm¹ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Jackson et al., 2002)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

arm¹ is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of Klp64D^NIG.10642R, Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96

(Vuong et al., 2014)

arm¹/arm[+] is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of N^nd-3

(Vuong et al., 2014)

Other

Statement

Reference

Klp64D^k1, arm¹/arm[+] has visible | dominant phenotype

(Vuong et al., 2014)

Klp64D^k33, arm¹/arm[+] has segment polarity phenotype | embryonic stage 10 phenotype

(Vuong et al., 2014)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

arm¹ has phenotype, suppressible by eRF1[+]/eRF1^F2

(Chao et al., 2003)

arm¹ has oocyte phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\JUP^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

arm¹ has nurse cell phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\JUP^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

arm¹ has egg chamber phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\JUP^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

arm¹ has embryo phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\JUP^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

arm¹ has oocyte phenotype, suppressible by Mmus\Ctnnb1^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

arm¹ has nurse cell phenotype, suppressible by Mmus\Ctnnb1^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

arm¹ has egg chamber phenotype, suppressible by Mmus\Ctnnb1^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

arm¹ has embryo phenotype, suppressible by Mmus\Ctnnb1^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

arm¹ is an enhancer of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, shg^{i.UAS.Tag:SS(aos),Tag:MYC}

(Greaves et al., 1999)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

arm¹/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of faf^FO8/faf^BX3

(Chen et al., 2000)

arm¹/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of phenotype of a⁷/Df(2R)a^EX1

(Liu and Lengyel, 2000)

arm¹/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of phenotype of ct^C145

(Jackson and Berg, 1999)

arm¹ is a non-enhancer of phenotype of ct^C145

(Jackson and Berg, 1999)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

arm¹/arm[+] is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, egr^UAS.cIa

(Zhang et al., 2015)

arm¹ is a suppressor of eye | anterior phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Jackson et al., 2002)

arm¹ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Jackson et al., 2002)

arm¹ is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Jackson et al., 2002)

arm¹ is a suppressor of embryo phenotype of Hsap\JUP^arm.PW

(White et al., 1998)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

arm¹ is a non-suppressor of wing margin phenotype of Klp64D^NIG.10642R, Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96

(Vuong et al., 2014)

arm¹/arm[+] is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of N^nd-3

(Vuong et al., 2014)

arm¹/arm[+] is a non-suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, nmo^UAS.cUa

(Fiehler and Wolff, 2008)

arm¹/arm[+] is a non-suppressor of phenotype of a⁷/Df(2R)a^EX1

(Liu and Lengyel, 2000)

Other

Statement

Reference

Klp64D^k1, arm¹/arm[+] has wing margin phenotype

(Vuong et al., 2014)

Klp64D^k1, arm¹/arm[+] has wing margin bristle phenotype

(Vuong et al., 2014)

Klp64D^k33, arm¹/arm[+] has denticle | ectopic phenotype

(Vuong et al., 2014)

Klp64D^k33, arm¹/arm[+] has embryonic/larval cuticle | anterior | embryonic stage 10 phenotype

(Vuong et al., 2014)

arm¹/arm[+], ena^C14-06 has gonad | embryonic stage phenotype

(Sano et al., 2012)

Hsap\JUP^arm.PW, arm¹ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype

(White et al., 1998)

Hsap\JUP^arm.PW, arm¹ has embryonic head phenotype

(White et al., 1998)

Mmus\Ctnnb1^arm.PW, arm¹ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype

(White et al., 1998)

Mmus\Ctnnb1^arm.PW, arm¹ has embryonic head phenotype

(White et al., 1998)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

One copy of arm¹ is unable to enhance the wing notching seen in N^nd-3 heterozygotes.

One copy of arm¹ is unable to enhance the wing notching seen in N^264-40 heterozygotes.

Heterozygous arm¹ enhances the wing notching and wing hair loss seen when Klp64D^NIG.10642R is expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62.

In contrast to either mutation alone, more than 50% of flies heterozygous for Klp64D^k1 and arm¹ show significant loss of wing bristles and wing margin notching.

Approximately 20% of embryos double heterozygous for Klp64D^k33 and arm¹ exhibit ectopic denticles in the space between normal denticle belts. The phenotype is more severe than is seen in Klp64D^k33 homozygotes. Klp64D^k33/+; arm¹/+ embryos at stage 10 show segment polarity phenotypes in the posterior region. The anterior region shows loss of cuticle due to incomplete cellularization.

(Vuong et al., 2014)

59.8% of gonads fail to compact properly in ena^C14-06/+, arm¹/+ transheterozygous embryos, compared to 22.1 in arm¹/+ single heterozygotes.

(Sano et al., 2012)

The addition of arm¹ has no effect on Df(2R)a^EX1/a⁷ flies.

(Liu and Lengyel, 2000)

The addition of arm¹ enhances the wing phenotype seen in mam^N.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4^C96 flies, in a partially penetrant manner, exhibiting loss of additional wing blade material along the posterior margin and bristle loss along the anterior margin.

(Helms et al., 1999)

Enhances wing margin phenotype of fz^Scer\UAS.N, Scer\GAL4^69B.

(Zhang and Carthew, 1998)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Heterozygosity for arm¹ partially abolishes the protective effect of Li[+] with respect to photoreceptor loss in Hsap\HTT^GMR.Q120 flies.

(Berger et al., 2005)

The defects seen in the ovarioles of females with homozygous arm¹ germline clones are completely rescued by Hsap\JUP^arm.PW or Mmus\Catnb^arm.PW provided maternally. These rescued females can lay eggs, and a small fraction of them are fertilised (1% for Hsap\JUP^arm.PW, 2% for Mmus\Catnb^arm.PW). The embryos produced from these eggs lack the head regions and parts of the cuticle, resembling strong zygotic shg mutants. The segment polarity phenotype of hemizygous embryos is slightly rescued by Hsap\JUP^arm.PW or Mmus\Catnb^arm.PW.