FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\dec
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\dec
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
defective chorion
Annotation Symbol
CG2175
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000427
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Required for proper assembly of the eggshell. (UniProt, P18169P18170P18171)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Also Known As

dec-1, defective chorion 1, fs(1)384, dec1, fs(1)1501

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-21
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:7867161..7873222
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
traceable author statement
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004463661
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in egg chorion
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004463661
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for proper assembly of the eggshell.
(UniProt, P18169P18170P18171)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
dec-1: defective chorion 1
Females homozygous for dec-12 produce few eggs; chorion thin and fragile, often lost during ovoposition; dorsal appendages much reduced, often absent; chorion appears vacuolated and permits uptake of neutral red. Mosaic studies with dec-12 demonstrate that it is a somatically active gene [Wieschaus, Audit, and Masson, 1981, Dev. Biol. 92-103 (fig.)]. Mature egg shell shows lack of organization within the endochorion and accumulation of electron dense material in the vitelline membrane of stage-14 egg chambers. No abnormalities detected in stage-10 oocytes. Three protein products of gene detected; the primary translation product of 130 kd found in stage-10 follicles; this appears to be quickly processed into an 85-kd product, which is in turn processed into a 67-kd protein in stage 13 and 14 egg shells (Bauer and Waring); these products measured as 92, 82, and 76 kd, respectively, by Lineruth and Lambertsson (1985). All three proteins absent in dec-1 mutants, and they vary coordinately in molecular weight in natural variant alleles.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
6
Number of Unique Polypeptides
6

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\dec for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P18171)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Gene model reviewed during 5.42

Gene model reviewed during 5.41

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Multiphase exon postulated: exon reading frame differs in alternative transcripts.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0071145
5696
1590
FBtr0071146
3737
1208
FBtr0071147
3751
950
FBtr0309795
3686
1191
FBtr0309796
3612
960
FBtr0310269
5683
1573
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

5.7, 3.7 (northern blot)

5.8, 4.0 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0071097
179.2
1590
6.19
FBpp0071098
137.4
1208
4.93
FBpp0071099
108.4
950
5.46
FBpp0301548
135.6
1191
4.90
FBpp0301549
109.6
960
6.01
FBpp0301952
177.4
1573
6.10
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1589, 1123, 950 (aa); 177, 125, 106 (kD predicted)

Comments

One of a couple of products generated by alternative splicing.

In D. melanogaster four variant dec-1 protein

forms have been found, differing by 2-3kD each. The variation is due to

deletions of 1,2, or 3 units of a 5-time repeated sequence (78bp long).

Multiple dec-1 proteins are made from alternatively spliced transcripts. The distribution of the various dec-1 protein products was studied in dec-1 mutants. Evidence suggests that the 106kD product and its derivatives are not sufficient for the formation of a functional eggshell. Other products such as the 125kD and 177kD products are required.

Multiple dec-1 proteins are made from alternatively spliced transcripts. dec-1 protein product diversity is also accomplished by protein processing. The 950aa dec-1 product is processed at a site determined in this study, to yield an 80kD C-terminal product (s80) and a 26kD N-terminal product. The 80kD product is further processed to give rise to a 60kD peptide (s60). The distribution of the various dec-1 protein products was studied in dec-1 mutants. Evidence suggests that the 106kD product and its derivatives are not sufficient for the formation of a functional eggshell. Other products such as the 125kD and 177kD products are required.

External Data
Post Translational Modification

Proteolytic cleavage of isoform FC106 generates 2 further products, S80 and S60.

(UniProt, P18170)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\dec using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.34

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in egg chorion
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\dec in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 44 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of dec
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of dec
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 10 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:dec. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-21
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    7C1-7C1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CHES-1-likeEP1453 and P{EP}EP1209
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    7C3-7C3
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Determined by deficiency mapping (details unspecified).
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Right of (cM)
    Notes

    Mapping based on 69 ct-oc and 93 ct-sn recombinants.

    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (11)
    Genomic Clones (15)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (1)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              The fc177 cleaved derivative of dec-1 is necessary to prevent ectopic aggregation of the endochorion during eggshell assembly.

              The diverse distributions of the various dec-1 derivatives suggest that they are functionally distinct and likely to play different roles in the assembly and stabilisation of the mature eggshell.

              A follicular cell marker system that yields a visible phenotype within the mature egg shell allows direct comparison of a clone and its effect on the dorsal ventral pattern of the embryos.

              dec-1 encodes multiple products that are post-translationally cleaved. The post-translational cleavage is developmentally regulated. Inter- or intramolecular interactions dictated by the C-terminal ends of the molecules determine the pathway followed by each dec-1 protein.

              dec-1 encodes multiple products that are post-translationally cleaved and that are necessary for proper egg shell assembly.

              Mature egg shell shows lack of organization within the endochorion and accumulation of electron dense material in the vitelline membrane of stage-14 egg chambers. No abnormalities detected in stage-10 oocytes.

              Genetic and molecular analyses of dec-1 mutations are performed to help understand the functional significance of the molecular heterogeneity associated with the dec-1 locus.

              Mutations in dec-1 disrupt chorion gene amplification.

              Three protein products of gene detected; the primary translation product of 130kD found in stage-10 follicles; this appears to be quickly processed into an 85kD product, which is in turn processed into a 67kD protein in stage 13 and 14 egg shells.

              Three protein products of gene detected; these products measured as 92, 82 and 76kD, respectively. All three proteins absent in dec-1 mutants, and they vary coordinately in molecular weight in natural variant alleles.

              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: dec-1 CG2175

              Source for identity of: dec dec-1

              Nomenclature comments

              Changed from 'dec-1' to 'dec' to prevent the symbol being auto-converted into a date when used in spreadsheet programs (see PMID:15214961, PMID: 27552985).

              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (35)
              Reported As
              Name Synonyms
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0000645
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 72 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (106)