FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\fs(1)K10
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\fs(1)K10
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
female sterile (1) K10
Annotation Symbol
CG3218
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000810
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
female sterile (1) K10 (fs(1)K10) encodes a nuclear protein of unknown biochemical function required during oogenesis for the proper localization of grk mRNA and protein in the oocyte, a key step in the specification of the dorsoventral axis of the oocyte, mature egg, and future embryo. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

K10, EG:30B8.5 , fs(1)M9

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-0.9
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:2242138..2246041
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
female sterile (1) K10 (fs(1)K10) encodes a nuclear protein of unknown biochemical function required during oogenesis for the proper localization of grk mRNA and protein in the oocyte, a key step in the specification of the dorsoventral axis of the oocyte, mature egg, and future embryo. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
May be involved in localization of sqd to the oocyte during oogenesis.
(UniProt, P13468)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
fs(1)K10
Homozygous females lay eggs with hyperplasia of the anterior chorionic appendages to form a collar around the micropile. Pole-cell-transplantation studies demonstrate chorionic phenotype to depend on germ-line genotype; pattern of overlying follicle cells apparently depends on cues from oocyte. In situ hybridization and antibody staining indicate that expression is confined to the primary oocyte and that the protein product is sequestered in the oocyte nucleus (Prost, Deryckere, Roos, Haenlin, Pantesco, and Mohier, 1988, Genes Dev. 2: 891-900). Eggs of mutant females seldom fertilized; those that are exhibit abnormalities of gastrulation with the anterior ends showing dorsal patterns of development both ventrally and literally. Some larvae produced with dorsal cuticular pattern covering entire circumference; last few segments have normal ventral hypoderm pattern. Ventralizing mutants grk and top both epistatic to the dorsalizing effects of fs(1)K10 (Schupbach, 1987, Cell 49: 699-707). Germ-line mosaics produced by mitotic exchange indicate fs(1)K10 activity required during oogenesis (Marsh, Wieschaus, and Gehring, 1976, Experientia 32: 803). Ovarian clones of homozygous cells useful in investigating kinetics of oogenesis (Wieschaus and Szabad, 1979, Dev. Biol. 68: 29-46).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\fs(1)K10 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P13468)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0070396
3052
463
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

6, 4, 3.1 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Rfam - A collection of RNA sequence families of structural RNAs including non-coding RNA genes as well as cis-regulatory elements
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0070380
51.3
463
11.04
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

463 (aa); 51.5 (kD predicted)

Comments

The predicted fs(1)K10 protein contains a putative helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain.

External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via N-terminus) with sqd; the interaction is direct and may be involved in localization of sqd to the oocyte during oogenesis.

(UniProt, P13468)
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\fs(1)K10 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.52

Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
radioisotope in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

The 3.1 kb transcript is detected at highest levels in ovaries and early embryos. It is detected at 20 to 50-fold lower levels throughout the rest of development.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

fs(1)K10 protein is first detected at low levels around the oocyte nucleus in stage S8-S9 egg chambers. The signal subsequently intensifies and becomes nuclear. After stage S12, the signal is no longer detected.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\fs(1)K10 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 20 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 62 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of fs(1)K10
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of fs(1)K10
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 19 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:fs(1)K10. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    RNA-RNA
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts (via N-terminus) with sqd; the interaction is direct and may be involved in localization of sqd to the oocyte during oogenesis.
    (UniProt, P13468 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-0.9
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    2F1-2F2
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1460&P{EP}CG2924EP1596 and P{EP}EP1606
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    2F1-2F2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Determined by deficiency mapping (details unspecified).
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes

    Mapping based on 191 recombinants between y and w.

    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (7)
    Genomic Clones (15)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (60)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        The sdt non-coding regions contains a Transport/localisation sequence (TLS) - residues 52-95, required for normal localisation.

        In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.

        Ectopic expression of Cf2 counteracts the dorsalising effect of fs(1)K10 mutants.

        Transport and early localisation activities of fs(1)K10, bcd and osk mRNAs are remarkably similar to each other suggesting the mRNAs interact with a common set of microtubule based motor proteins and associated factors.

        Anterior localisation of RNA during oogenesis is very sensitive to microtubule inhibitors, taxol and other microtubule depolymerising agents. These results, together with colchicine treatment studies, demonstrate that microtubules are required for RNA transport to the oocyte.

        The cis regulatory regions of fs(1)K10 mRNA localisation are identified and characterised. A 44 nucleotide sequence, the transport/localisation sequence (TLS), is essential to fs(1)K10 function and is necessary and sufficient for mRNA transport into and anterior localisation within the oocyte.

        capu and spir are not required for the synthesis or nuclear localisation of fs(1)K10 protein and they mediate dorsoventral patterning independently of fs(1)K10 mRNA localisation.

        grk behaves as a dominant partial suppressor of fs(1)K10.

        Displays epistatic interactions with sqd alleles.

        ve expression pattern in embryogenesis is altered in fs(1)K10 mutants.

        The mechanism of fs(1)K10 RNA accumulation in the oocyte has been studied.

        fs(1)K10 expression patterns were investigated in egl embryos to determine the relationship between fs(1)K10 and egl.

        A female germ line mosaic assay using a fs(1)K10 mutation as a marker indicates that sevin (a carbamate insecticide) is mutagenic/recombinogenic in D.melanogaster.

        Nuclear localisation of fs(1)K10 protein and the putative DNA-binding motif within the protein suggest fs(1)K10 might possess a regulatory function.

        P-element transformation experiments determine the functional fs(1)K10 gene resides between position -1.2 and +3.4.

        Mutations at fs(1)K10 causes dorsalised embryonic phenotypes and egg chambers.

        fs(1)K10 has been cloned by the use of microdissection, chromosome walking and cosmid libraries constructed in a P element vector.

        Homozygous females lay eggs with hyperplasia of the anterior chorionic appendages to form a collar around the micropile. Pole-cell-transplantation studies demonstrate chorionic phenotype to depend on germ-line genotype; pattern of overlying follicle cells apparently depends on cues from oocyte. In situ hybridization and antibody staining indicate that expression is confined to the primary oocyte and that the protein product is sequestered in the oocyte nucleus (Prost, Deryckere, Roos, Haenlin, Pantesco and Mohier, 1988). Eggs of mutant females seldom fertilized; those that are exhibit abnormalities of gastrulation with the anterior ends showing dorsal patterns of development both ventrally and literally. Some larvae produced with dorsal cuticular pattern covering entire circumference; last few segments have normal ventral hypoderm pattern. Ventralizing mutants grk and top both epistatic to the dorsalizing effects of fs(1)K10 (Schupbach, 1987). Germ-line mosaics produced by mitotic exchange indicate fs(1)K10 activity required during oogenesis (Marsh et al., 1976). Ovarian clones of homozygous cells useful in investigating kinetics of oogenesis (Wieschaus and Szabad, 1979).

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: fs(1)K10 CG3218

        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        Name Synonyms
        female sterile (1) K10
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0029607
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 41 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Rfam - A collection of RNA sequence families of structural RNAs including non-coding RNA genes as well as cis-regulatory elements
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (228)