FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Mtk
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Mtk
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Metchnikowin
Annotation Symbol
CG8175
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0014865
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Gene Summary
Metchnikowin (Mtk) encodes an antifungal peptide that is secreted from the fat body during the systemic immune response, and is produced by various epithelia. Its expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by the immune deficiency and/or Toll pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Metch, DIM 17

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
52A1-52A1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-74
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:15408846..15409113
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antibacterial humoral response
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
inferred from expression pattern
(Lemaitre et al., 1997, Levashina et al., 1995)
involved_in antifungal humoral response
inferred from expression pattern
(Lemaitre et al., 1997)
involved_in defense response to fungus
inferred from direct assay
(Levashina et al., 1995)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Reed et al., 2008)
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Levashina et al., 1995)
involved_in response to bacterium
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
(Levy et al., 2004)
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2009)
involved_in response to wounding
inferred from expression pattern
(Tattikota et al., 2020)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antibacterial humoral response
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012513
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in antifungal humoral response
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012513
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
traceable author statement
(Brennan and Anderson, 2004)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Metchnikowin (Mtk) encodes an antifungal peptide that is secreted from the fat body during the systemic immune response, and is produced by various epithelia. Its expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by the immune deficiency and/or Toll pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
METCHNIKOWINS -
Metchnikowins are an antimicrobial peptide-encoding gene family induced by the immune deficiency (Imd) signaling pathway. Mtk, the only family member that has been characterized, acts by inhibition of fungal Mitochondrial Complex II (succinate-coenzyme Q reductase). (Adapted from FBrf0236378 and FBrf0263699.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Potent antifungal and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
(UniProt, Q24395)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

an antifungal peptide that is secreted from the fat body during the systemic immune response\ - expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by the immune deficiency and/or Toll pathways - targets the iron-sulfur subunit (SdhB) of succinate-coenzyme Q reductase - interferes with F. graminearum cell wall biosynthesis by targeting the β(1,3)-glucanosyltransferase Gel1, which is responsible for β(1,3)-glucan chain elongation in the cell wall

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Mtk for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24395)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Mtk-RA
FBtr0087386
NM_079028
268
52
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

0.268 (sequence analysis)

(Levashina et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Mtk-PA
FBpp0086518
5.7
52
9.35
Q24395
NP_523752
AAF58139
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Mtk using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.71

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 17

Comment: reference states 6-24 hr AEL

(Levashina et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data

Mtk transcripts are expressed in embryos, and they are expressed in response to immunization with both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, up to 120 hours post immunization.

(Levashina et al., 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data

Mtk protein is induced in hemolymph after bacterial challenge. Time course studies with mass spectrometric analysis show that it is detectable within 6 hours of the challenge, increases substantially between 6hrs and 2 weeks, and is gone by 3 weeks after challenge.

(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Mtk in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Mtk
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Mtk
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal stress response | adult stage
long lived
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Mtk. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Mtk
    suppressible
    Drs
    (Swanson et al., 2020)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-74
    Cytogenetic map
    52A1-52A1
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    52A1-52A1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}dupk03308 and P{lacW}Vha36k07207
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    52A1-52A2
    (Levashina, 1997.10.21)
    52A1-52A2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Levashina et al., 1995)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-74

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-78.2

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (4)
    Genomic Clones (33)
    cDNA Clones (18)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background.

          (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)

          Induction of Mtk gene expression can be mediated by the Tl pathway or by imd.

          (Levashina et al., 1998)

          Identification: Encodes a protein that is induced by immune challenge.

          (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

          Ecol\lacZDpt.PR adults are pricked with a sterile needle dipped in culture pellets of various living microorganisms (distinct bacterial strains, fungal spores or hyphae). Pricking results in a low but clearly detectable expression of all antimicrobial genes and these genes are induced above the background level by specific classes of microorganism. Wild type adults covered with spores of B.bassiana induce persistent expression of Mtk.

          (Lemaitre et al., 1997)

          Mtk, a gene encoding a proline-rich immune-inducible peptide, has been cloned and sequenced.

          (Levashina et al., 1995)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: Mtk BcDNA:RH07954

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of Mtk BcDNA:RH07954 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          The gene is named 'Metchnikowin' in honour of E. Metchnikow who initiated the field of research into invertebrate immunity.

          (Levashina et al., 1995)
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (26)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          BcDNA:RH07954
          CG8175
          (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Palu and Thummel, 2016, Sun et al., 2014, Petersen et al., 2012, Gendrin et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Pal et al., 2007, Valanne et al., 2007, Wertheim et al., 2005, Levy et al., 2004, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Irving et al., 2001)
          DIM 17
          (Levy et al., 2004, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          METCH
          (Tzou et al., 2000)
          Mek
          (Araki et al., 2019)
          Metc
          (Ramet et al., 2002)
          Metch
          (Krejčová et al., 2024, Zhou et al., 2022, Vasudevan et al., 2017, Ryu et al., 2008, Zambon et al., 2005, Braun et al., 1998, Lemaitre et al., 1997)
          Mtk
          (Song et al., 2026, Kang et al., 2025, Kelly et al., 2025, Li et al., 2025, Peng et al., 2025, Rommelaere et al., 2025, Sheng et al., 2025, Wang et al., 2025, Yang et al., 2025, Zheng et al., 2025, Candib et al., 2024, Fioriti et al., 2024, Hersperger et al., 2024, Liang et al., 2024, Li et al., 2024, Meyer et al., 2024, Perlmutter et al., 2024, Polunina et al., 2024, Rommelaere et al., 2024, Salminen et al., 2024, Vesala et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Westlake et al., 2024, Zhou et al., 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2023, Gupta et al., 2023, Hsieh and Chiang, 2023, Keith, 2023, Kuyateh and Obbard, 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Stączek et al., 2023, Touré et al., 2023, Abe et al., 2022, Aggarwal et al., 2022, Carboni et al., 2022, Chen et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Hodge et al., 2022, Kim et al., 2022, Lu and Chtarbanova, 2022, Pratomo et al., 2022, Qi et al., 2022, Shit et al., 2022, Shrivastava et al., 2022, Vaibhvi et al., 2022, Waring et al., 2022, Wu and Yan, 2022, Wu et al., 2022, Yoo et al., 2022, Zhou et al., 2022, Cabasso et al., 2021, Kanoh et al., 2021, Schoberleitner et al., 2021, Yamashita et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2021, Barretto et al., 2020, Cai et al., 2020, Delbare et al., 2020, Garrido-Maraver et al., 2020, Lin et al., 2020, Newell et al., 2020, Sanuki, 2020, Seong et al., 2020, Shah et al., 2020, Suh et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Yurkevych et al., 2020, Zhe et al., 2020, Baenas and Wagner, 2019, Belmonte et al., 2019, Cabasso et al., 2019, Chambers et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2019, Chowdhury et al., 2019, Hanson et al., 2019, Kano and Yagi, 2019, Lin et al., 2019, Lin et al., 2019, Sanuki et al., 2019, Troha and Buchon, 2019, Wen et al., 2019, Badinloo et al., 2018, Barajas-Azpeleta et al., 2018, Green et al., 2018, Lindsay et al., 2018, Min and Tatar, 2018, Troha et al., 2018, Ueda et al., 2018, Yu et al., 2018, Aw et al., 2017, Liu and Jin, 2017, Moghaddam et al., 2017, Odnokoz et al., 2017, Barekat et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2016, Helenius et al., 2016, Katzenberger et al., 2016, Kiss et al., 2016, Piegholdt et al., 2016, Zhou et al., 2016, Chavez et al., 2015, Dissel et al., 2015, Dissel et al., 2015, Merkling et al., 2015, Sudmeier et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Donlea et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Kuuluvainen et al., 2014, Lai et al., 2014, Liang et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Tsuzuki et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Zhu et al., 2014, Cao et al., 2013, Clark et al., 2013, Durdevic et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Katzenberger et al., 2013, Kemp et al., 2013, Petersen et al., 2013, Radyuk et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Stefanatos et al., 2013, Telonis-Scott et al., 2013, Thimgan et al., 2013, Chakrabarti et al., 2012, Marek and Kagan, 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Clark et al., 2011, Gerbasi et al., 2011, Ladoukakis et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Blanco et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Sabin et al., 2010, Yagi et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2009, Helenius et al., 2009, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Seugnet et al., 2009, Zhang and Palli, 2009, Chamilos et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, Linder et al., 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Ranade et al., 2008, Reed et al., 2008, Spresser et al., 2008, Busse et al., 2007, Domanitskaya et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Park et al., 2005, Shin et al., 2005, Wertheim et al., 2005, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Leulier et al., 2003, Rutschmann et al., 2002, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002)
          metch
          (Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010, Wagner et al., 2009, Georgel et al., 2001)
          metk
          (Leulier et al., 2000)
          mtk
          (Chen et al., 2024, Zimmermann et al., 2024, Wagner et al., 2021, Tonk et al., 2019, Dubey and Tapadia, 2018, Huang et al., 2017, Faisal et al., 2014, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Gesellchen et al., 2005, McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, Wu et al., 2001, Khush and Lemaitre, 2000)
          Name Synonyms
          Drosophila Immune induced molecule 17
          (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          Metchnikowia
          (Singh et al., 2025)
          Metchnikowin
          (Akyaw et al., 2025, Knop et al., 2025, Toubarro et al., 2025, Krejčová et al., 2024, Nguyen et al., 2024, Zhu et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2023, Parks et al., 2023, Singh and Tapadia, 2022, Yu et al., 2022, Eleftherianos and Heryanto, 2021, Marra et al., 2021, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2021, Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021, Deng et al., 2020, Iwashita et al., 2020, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Shaposhnikov et al., 2020, Suh et al., 2020, Merkling et al., 2019, Singh and Tapadia, 2019, Garschall and Flatt, 2018, Li et al., 2017, Helenius et al., 2016, Katzenberger et al., 2016, Kaynar et al., 2016, Unckless and Lazzaro, 2016, Xiong et al., 2016, Castillo et al., 2015, Dissel et al., 2015, Merkling et al., 2015, Moskalev et al., 2015, Paparazzo et al., 2015, Pragya et al., 2015, Arefin et al., 2014, Bonnay et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Ji et al., 2014, Lai et al., 2014, Tan et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Cao et al., 2013, Clark et al., 2013, Durdevic et al., 2013, Furihata et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2013, Thimgan et al., 2013, Chintapalli et al., 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Longworth et al., 2012, Marek and Kagan, 2012, Paré et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Radyuk et al., 2012, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Clark et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Ragab et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Fellous and Lazzaro, 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Yagi et al., 2010, Zhao et al., 2010, Carpenter et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Helenius et al., 2009, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Flatt et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Reed et al., 2008, Spresser et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Carlson et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Morozova et al., 2007, Pal et al., 2007, Taylor and Kimbrell, 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Delaney et al., 2006, Lazzaro et al., 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Senger et al., 2006, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Leulier et al., 2003, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Rutschmann et al., 2002, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Rutschmann et al., 2000)
          Metchnikowin A
          (Meister et al., 2000)
          Metchnikowin B
          (Meister et al., 2000)
          Metchnikowin precursor
          (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
          Metchnikowine
          (Kemp et al., 2013)
          metchikowin
          (Copley et al., 2007)
          metchinkowin
          (Moule et al., 2010)
          metchnikovin
          (Radyuk et al., 2010)
          metchnikowin
          (Azizpor et al., 2025, El-Saadi et al., 2023, Nunes et al., 2021, Bjedov et al., 2020, Bunnag et al., 2020, Chowdhury et al., 2019, Badinloo et al., 2018, Koltun et al., 2017, Bonnay et al., 2014, Faisal et al., 2014, Bitra et al., 2012, Hamilos et al., 2012, Overend et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Shieh and Bonini, 2011, Anbutsu and Fukatsu, 2010, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Avadhanula et al., 2009, Lauwers et al., 2009, Rahnamaeian et al., 2009, Stergiopoulos et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Zhang and Palli, 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Brennan et al., 2007, Busse et al., 2007, Domanitskaya et al., 2007, Fedorka et al., 2007, Hallem et al., 2007, Delaney et al., 2005, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Leulier et al., 2002, Luo et al., 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          metchnikowin-1
          (Hetru, 1995.8.28)
          metchnikowin-2
          (Hetru, 1995.8.28)
          metchnkowin
          (Wei et al., 2018)
          takeout
          (Delbare et al., 2020)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0061385
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 58 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          References (416)