FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Taz
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Taz
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Tafazzin
Annotation Symbol
CG8766
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0026619
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
11 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase (2.3.1.23)
Gene Summary
Tafazzin (Taz) encodes a mitochondrial phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase that exchange acyl groups between cardiolipin molecules and other phospholipids. It plays a critical role in maintaining a normal cardiolipin composition required for optimal mitochondrial function. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dTAZ, tafazzins

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
49C2-49C2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-67
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:12753026..12756414
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables acyltransferase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Malhotra et al., 2009)
enables O-acyltransferase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Schlame et al., 2012)
enables phosphatidylcholine:cardiolipin O-linoleoyltransferase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000281558
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables acyltransferase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000872, InterPro:IPR002123
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling
inferred from direct assay
(Schlame et al., 2012)
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2009)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ren et al., 2025)
involved_in cardiolipin biosynthetic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xu et al., 2006)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Malhotra et al., 2009)
involved_in cardiolipin metabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Malhotra et al., 2009)
acts_upstream_of mitochondrial membrane organization
inferred from direct assay
(Acehan et al., 2011)
involved_in phospholipid metabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Malhotra et al., 2009)
involved_in sperm individualization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Malhotra et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000281558
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in inner mitochondrial membrane organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000281558
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in phospholipid metabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000872
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred by curator from GO:0032577
(Xu et al., 2006)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2009)
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2009)
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2009)
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in mitochondrial intermembrane space
traceable author statement
(Gawrisch, 2012)
is_active_in mitochondrial membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000281558
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the taffazin family. (Q9V6G5)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity
a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA (2.3.1.23)
RHEA 12937:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Tafazzin (Taz) encodes a mitochondrial phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase that exchange acyl groups between cardiolipin molecules and other phospholipids. It plays a critical role in maintaining a normal cardiolipin composition required for optimal mitochondrial function. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED NON-AMINOACYL ACYLTRANSFERASES -
This group comprises non-aminoacyl acyltransferases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Acyltransferase required to remodel newly synthesized phospholipid cardiolipin (1',3'-bis-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol or CL), a key component of the mitochondrial inner membrane, with tissue specific acyl chains necessary for adequate mitochondrial function. Its role in cellular physiology is to improve mitochondrial performance (By similarity). CL is critical for the coassembly of lipids and proteins in mitochondrial membranes (PubMed:16855048, PubMed:17082194, PubMed:19114128, PubMed:19416660, PubMed:19700766). For instance, remodeling of the acyl groups of CL in the mitochondrial inner membrane affects the assembly and stability of respiratory chain complex IV and its supercomplex forms (By similarity). Catalyzes the transacylation between phospholipids and lysophospholipids, with the highest rate being between phosphatidylcholine (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or PC) and CL (PubMed:17082194, PubMed:19416660, PubMed:22941046). Catalyzes both 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysophosphatidylcholine or LPC) reacylation and PC-CL transacylation, that means, it exchanges acyl groups between CL and PC by a combination of forward and reverse transacylations. Also catalyzes transacylations between other phospholipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or PE) and CL, between PC and PE, and between PC and phosphatidate (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or PA), although at lower rate (PubMed:17082194). Not regiospecific, it transfers acyl groups into any of the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), which is an important prerequisite for uniformity and symmetry in CL acyl distribution. Cannot transacylate dilysocardiolipin (DLCL), thus, the role of MLCL is limited to that of an acyl acceptor (PubMed:19416660). CoA-independent, it can reshuffle molecular species within a single phospholipid class (PubMed:17082194, PubMed:22941046). Redistributes fatty acids between MLCL, CL, and other lipids, which prolongs the half-life of CL (PubMed:31110016). Its action is completely reversible, which allows for cyclic changes, such as fission and fusion or bending and flattening of the membrane. Hence, by contributing to the flexibility of the lipid composition, it plays an important role in the dynamics of mitochondria membranes (PubMed:22941046). Essential for the final stage of spermatogenesis, spermatid individualization (PubMed:19164547). Required for the initiation of mitophagy (By similarity).
(UniProt, Q9V6G5)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

an enzyme in the cardiolipin remodeling pathway that catalyzes the incorporation of an acyl group into lipid acceptors - modifies lipid composition of mitochondrial inner membranes - regulates spermatogenesis - serves as a Drosophila model for Barth syndrome

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Taz for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V6G5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Taz-RA
FBtr0087862
NM_058084
1776
378
Taz-RB
FBtr0087863
NM_165947
1625
278
Taz-RC
FBtr0087864
NM_165948
1174
338
Taz-RD
FBtr0302455
NM_001201987
1323
278
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Taz-PA
FBpp0086975
43.0
378
9.67
Q9V6G5
NP_477432
AAF58461
Taz-PB
FBpp0086976
32.1
278
8.97
A0A0B4JD45
NP_725226
AAF58462
Taz-PC
FBpp0086977
38.6
338
9.29
H0RNE3
NP_725227
AAM68652
Taz-PD
FBpp0291643
32.1
278
8.97
A0A0B4JD45
NP_001188916
ADV37163
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

278 aa isoforms: Taz-PB, Taz-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

261 (aa)

(Frolov et al., 2000)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Associates with multiple protein complexes (PubMed:25598000). Association with large protein complexes occurs only in the presence of cardiolipin (PubMed:25598000).

(UniProt, Q9V6G5)
Domain

The HXXXXD motif is essential for acyltransferase activity.

(UniProt, Q9V6G5)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Taz using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.20

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2009)
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2009)
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2009)
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Taz in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 13 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Taz
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Taz
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\TAFAZZIN
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
5  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Tafazzin
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Taz
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\tafazzin
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\osbpl8
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\tafazzin
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\acl-3
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007599
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\At1g78690p
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G05510
7 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ATS2
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\TAZ1
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Taz. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
TAFAZZIN; tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase
model of  Barth syndrome
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Tazunspecified
model of  Barth syndrome
is ameliorated by iPLA2-VIAEY05103
(Malhotra et al., 2009)
Taz889
model of  Barth syndrome
is ameliorated by Sirt1UASp.Tag:MYC
(Damschroder et al., 2022)
is ameliorated by srlUAS.cRa
(Damschroder et al., 2022)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
TAFAZZIN; tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase
13 of 14
TAFAZZIN, PHOSPHOLIPID-LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID TRANSACYLASE; TAFAZZIN
 
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Dmel gene
Ortholog showing functional complementation
Supporting References
Taz
Hsap\TAFAZZIN
(Xu et al., 2009)
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Interaction Browsers
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Taz
suppressible
Abhd18
(Ren et al., 2025)
Taz
suppressible
iPLA2-VIA
(Malhotra et al., 2009)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Associates with multiple protein complexes (PubMed:25598000). Association with large protein complexes occurs only in the presence of cardiolipin (PubMed:25598000).
(UniProt, Q9V6G5 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2R
Recombination map
2-67
Cytogenetic map
49C2-49C2
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
49C2-49C2
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}AmphEP2175&P{lacW}spt4k05316 and P{PZ}ox1
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

2-67

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-70.5

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-

(Benevolenskaya, 1999.5.4)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (11)
Genomic Clones (16)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (50)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
 

polyclonal

(Murari et al., 2023, Xu et al., 2009, Xu et al., 2006)
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments
      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 56 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
      References (76)