FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Semp1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Semp1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Seminal metalloprotease-1
Annotation Symbol
CG11864
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0028944
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
Gene Summary
Seminal metalloprotease-1 (Semp1) encodes a metalloprotease that is produced by male accessory glands and transferred to females during mating. It is cleavage activated during mating, first by the product of Sems and then by auto-catalysis. The product of also cleaves at least two other seminal proteins, encoded by Acp26Aa and Acp36DE, in the mated female. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

BG:BACR44L22.8

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
35D3-35D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-51
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:15612494..15613335
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables endopeptidase activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ravi Ram et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables metalloendopeptidase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000013301
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001506, InterPro:IPR034035
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Mueller et al., 2004)
enables metallopeptidase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006026, InterPro:IPR024079
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006026
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ito et al., 2014)
involved_in insemination
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
(Findlay et al., 2008)
involved_in mating
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
(Mueller et al., 2005)
involved_in protein processing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Laflamme et al., 2014)
involved_in proteolysis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ravi Ram et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in proteolysis
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001506, InterPro:IPR006026, InterPro:IPR034035
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Mueller et al., 2004)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Findlay et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000013301
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in extracellular space
inferred from sequence model
(Mueller et al., 2005)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
metalloendopeptidase activity
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Seminal metalloprotease-1 (Semp1) encodes a metalloprotease that is produced by male accessory glands and transferred to females during mating. It is cleavage activated during mating, first by the product of Sems and then by auto-catalysis. The product of also cleaves at least two other seminal proteins, encoded by Acp26Aa and Acp36DE, in the mated female. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ASTACINS -
Astacins belong to MEROPS family M12, subfamily A, and also to the group of peptidases known as the "metzincins", due to a conserved methionine C-terminal to the zinc ligands. They are multi-domain metallopeptidases with manifold functions in metabolism. They are either secreted or membrane-anchored. (Adapted from FBrf0239469 and PMID:23092796.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Seminal fluid metalloprotease which is transferred to females during mating and is required for processing of two other seminal fluid proteins Acp26Aa and Acp36DE in mated females.
(UniProt, Q9VJN9)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Semp1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VJN9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Semp1-RA
FBtr0080784
NM_135912
789
251
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Semp1-PA
FBpp0080342
29.3
251
6.43
Q9VJN9
NP_609756
AAF53469
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Post Translational Modification

Undergoes cleavage in the male during mating with a cleaved product detected in the ejaculatory duct and/or bulb of males by 8-10 minutes after the start of mating (PubMed:17116868). Further cleavage occurs in the mated female (PubMed:15979005). May undergo cleavage in a two-step process where it is first cleaved by Sems, making it susceptible to activational cleavage which may be carried out by another protease or by autocleavage (PubMed:24514904).

(UniProt, Q9VJN9)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Semp1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.10

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
female reproductive system

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
uterus

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
oviduct

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
egg

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
Additional Descriptive Data

Semp1 is transferred to the female at the time of mating and persists for about 2-3 hours in the female reproductive tract. It is detected in the uterus, mating plug, sperm mass, oviduct, and eggs.

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Findlay et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Semp1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Semp1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Semp1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)Exel7063
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell migration, with Scer\GAL4NP7397
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
male accessory gland secondary cell, with Scer\GAL4NP7397
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (8)
Hsap\ASTL
5 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\MEP1A
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MEP1B
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMP1
2 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\TLL1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TLL2
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SEMA5A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TNFAIP6
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (8)
Rnor\Astl
5 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Mep1a
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Mep1b
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tll1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tll2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Adgrg6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tnfaip6
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)
Mmus\Astl
4 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Mep1a
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Mep1b
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tll1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tll2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Adgrg6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tnfaip6
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (35)
Xtro\astl2a
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\astl2g
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\astl3c
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\LOC105946018
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\mep1b
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\she
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\tll2l
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\XB5949052
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\aarsd1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\accs
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\astl
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hpcal4
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mep1a
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\astl2d.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\astl2d.4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\astl2d.5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\astl2f
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\astl3a.1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\astl3a.2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\astl3a.3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\astl3b.1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\astl3b.2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\astl3b.4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\g6pc1.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gpm6a
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100488711
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100496745
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101734255
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC108644858
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC108645256
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\naaladl1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\syt13
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tll1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5721468
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\XB5917669
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (19)
Drer\c6ast3
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\c6ast4
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\hce2l1
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\LOC100003133
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\npsn
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\c6ast1
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\he1.1
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\he1.2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\he1.3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\mep1a.2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\mep1ba
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\mep1bb
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp1a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp1b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\mep1a.1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tll1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cuzd1.2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC797085
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\tnfaip6
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (41)
Cele\nas-1
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\nas-13
6 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\nas-15
6 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\nas-4
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-5
5 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-6
5 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-7
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-8
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-12
5 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-3
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-14
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-16
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-17
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-18
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-19
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-20
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-21
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-22
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-24
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-25
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-27
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-28
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-29
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-30
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-32
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-33
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-38
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\dpy-31
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\hch-1
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-10
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-11
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-23
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-36
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-37
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\toh-1
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y19D10A.6
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-9
2 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\nas-31
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\nas-39
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\tyr-2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (13)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010758
6 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010764
6 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012881
6 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006144
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011475
5 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001932
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002596
4 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003664
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001931
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003702
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004620
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008510
3 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003703
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Semp1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (17)
CG7631
8 of 13
CG15253
8 of 13
CG15254
8 of 13
CG15255
8 of 13
CG6696
7 of 13
CG11865
7 of 13
CG5715
6 of 13
CG6763
6 of 13
CG6974
6 of 13
CG10280
6 of 13
tld
4 of 13
tok
4 of 13
Cubn2
2 of 13
CG34370
1 of 13
Cubn
1 of 13
Nrx-1
1 of 13
Nrx-IV
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Semp1NIG.11864R
model of  prostate cancer
CEA
(Ito et al., 2014)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
ASTL; astacin like metalloendopeptidase
5 of 14
608860
    MEP1A; meprin A subunit alpha
    3 of 14
    MEPRIN, ALPHA SUBUNIT; MEP1A
         
        MEP1B; meprin A subunit beta
        3 of 14
        600389
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Linkouts
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            2L
            Recombination map
            2-51
            Cytogenetic map
            35D3-35D3
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            35D3-35D3
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}esgEP633&P{PZ}esg07082 and P{lacW}CycEk05007&P{lacW}CycEk02602
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            2-51

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            2-48.8

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (6)
            Genomic Clones (15)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (2)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
                RNAi and Array Information
                Linkouts
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Antibody Information
                Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                 

                polyclonal

                (Laflamme et al., 2012)
                Commercially Available Antibodies
                 
                Cell Line Information
                Publicly Available Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Stable Cell Lines
                   
                    Other Comments

                    CG11864 is processed before transger to females during mating.

                    (Ravi Ram et al., 2006)

                    Isolated in a screen for seminal fluid proteins.

                    (Mueller et al., 2004)
                    Relationship to Other Genes
                    Source for database merge of
                    Additional comments
                    Nomenclature History
                    Source for database identify of

                    Source for identity of: Semp1 CG11864

                    (Laflamme et al., 2014)
                    Nomenclature comments
                    Etymology
                    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
                    Datasets (0)
                    Study focus (0)
                    Experimental Role
                    Project
                    Project Type
                    Title
                    Study result (0)
                    Result
                    Result Type
                    Title
                    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 30 )
                    Sequence Crossreferences
                    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                    Other crossreferences
                    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                    Linkouts
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                    References (54)