FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\wuho

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\wuho

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

wuho

Annotation Symbol

CG15897

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0029857

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

9 publicly available

Gene Summary

Required for the Mettl1-dependent formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA (By similarity) (PubMed:39317727). In the Mettl1-wuho methyltransferase complex, it is required to stabilize and induce conformational changes of the catalytic subunit (By similarity). Required for binding of nanos mRNA and repression of translation by the mei-P26-bgcn-bam-sxl complex (PubMed:31941704). May cooperate with mei-P26 and nanos to derepress the BMP signaling pathway (PubMed:31941704). May cooperate with mei-P26 to suppress expression of a subset of microRNAs (PubMed:31941704). May cooperate with mei-P26 to regulate bam expression levels in germline cells during gametogenesis (PubMed:31941704). Required to promote mitosis to meiosis transition during gametogenesis (PubMed:31941704). May regulate germline cell division in part by regulating ribosome biogenesis (PubMed:31941704). (UniProt, Q9W415)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

5E5-5E5

Sequence location

X:6,288,100..6,289,562 [+]

Recombination map

1-16

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:6288100..6289562

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)

Molecular Function (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wu et al., 2006)

involved_in spermatogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wu et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in RNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR028884

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in female germ cell nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Wu et al., 2006)

located_in male germ cell nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Wu et al., 2006)

part_of tRNA (m7G46) methyltransferase complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Mettl1; FB:FBgn0025629

(Kaneko et al., 2024)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from experiment

(Rastegari et al., 2020)

is_active_in cytosol

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000418221

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000418221

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in nucleus

inferred from experiment

(Wu et al., 2006)

part_of tRNA (m7G46) methyltransferase complex

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q03774

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

part_of tRNA methyltransferase complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000418221

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

METTL1-WUHO TRNA (GUANINE-N(7)-)-METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the WD repeat TRM82 family. (Q9W415)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

METTL1-WUHO TRNA (GUANINE-N(7)-)-METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX -: The METTL1-WUHO tRNA (guanine-N(7)-)-methyltransferase complex modifies guanosine to N[7]-methylguanosine (m[7]G) in the variable loop region of tRNAs that contain the 5'-RAGGU-3' motif. (Adapted from FBrf0260508.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q9W415)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

WD40 domain protein - maintains ovarian germ cell homeostasis - Wuho and Mei-p26 are epistatically linked, with mutants showing nearly identical phenotypes - promotes BMP stemness signaling for proper GSC division and maintenance - silences nanos translation - downregulates a subset of microRNAs involved in germ cell differentiation and suppresses ribosomal biogenesis via dMyc to limit germ cell mitosis - knockdown results in DNA damage with strand breaks and apoptosis through ATM/Chk2/p53 signaling pathway - essential for spermatogenesis

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\wuho for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9W415)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

wuho-RA

FBtr0070897

NM_132079

1463

424

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

wuho-PA

FBpp0070862

46.5

424

4.99

Q9W415

NP_572307

AAF46145

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Forms a heterodimer with the catalytic subunit Mettl1 (By similarity) (PubMed:39317727). Interacts with mei-P26 and weakly interacts with bgcn; required for the function or formation of the mei-P26-bgcn-bam-sxl complex (PubMed:31941704). Interacts with nanos; may be involved in mei-P26-dependent derepression of the BMP signaling pathway (PubMed:31941704). Interacts with Myc; the interaction may be mediated by mei-P26 and may be involved in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis (PubMed:31941704).

(UniProt, Q9W415)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\wuho using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

wuho_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.19

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in female germ cell nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Wu et al., 2006)

located_in male germ cell nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Wu et al., 2006)

part_of tRNA (m7G46) methyltransferase complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Mettl1; FB:FBgn0025629

(Kaneko et al., 2024)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\wuho in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\wuho

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\wuho

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

31566/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0029857

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0029857

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0029857

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG15897

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0029857

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of wuho

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of wuho

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 21 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

wuho^GD9148

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

wuho^GD9148

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

wuho^GD9148

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

wuho^GD9148

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile

wuho⁷

male sterile

wuho⁷

Other Phenotypes

Allele

decreased cell number | spermatogenesis

wuho⁷

increased cell number | oogenesis

wuho⁷

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

egg chamber

wuho⁷

germarium, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

wuho^HMJ23113

mitochondrion & testis

wuho⁷

ovariole

wuho⁷

spermatid cyst

wuho⁷

spermatozoon

wuho⁷

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (14)

Hsap\WDR4

11 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (16)

Rnor\Wdr4

11 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Wdr38

1 of 14

Rnor\Wdr88

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Wsb1

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (12)

Mmus\Wdr4

11 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (12)

Xtro\wdr4

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\ahi1

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)

Drer\wdr4

11 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)

Cele\wdr-4

9 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)

Agam\WUHO_ANOGA

11 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (22)

Atha\TRM82

8 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (12)

Scer\TRM82

8 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (6)

Spom\SPCC18.13

7 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:wuho. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (8)

ago

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

WDR4; WDR4 tRNA N7-guanosine methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit

model of microcephaly, growth deficiency, seizures, and brain malformations

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

WDR4; WDR4 tRNA N7-guanosine methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit

11 of 14

605924

microcephaly, growth deficiency, seizures, and brain malformations

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

wuho - Mettl1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Kaneko et al., 2024)

wuho - Myc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Rastegari et al., 2020)

wuho - bgcn

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Rastegari et al., 2020)

wuho - mei-P26

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Rastegari et al., 2020)

wuho - nanos

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Rastegari et al., 2020)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Nsf2

suppressible

wuho

(Laviolette et al., 2005)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q9W415 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0029857

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9W415

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-16

Cytogenetic map

5E5-5E5

Sequence location

X:6,288,100..6,289,562 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

5E5-5E5

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1311&P{EP}EP1384 and P{EP}EP1402&P{EP}CG15893^EP1634

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-16

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-16.3

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (9)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

41113

w^*; P{wuho.GFP}2

41460

w^* wuho⁷/FM7c, sn⁺

41112

w^* wuho⁵⁶/FM7c, sn⁺

61281

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ23113}attP40

15977

y¹ w^67c23 P{EPgy2}wuho^EY06844

Korea

11157

P{EP}wuho^G9758

NIG-Fly

HMJ23113

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ23113}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v108066

P{KK107401}VIE-260B

v41618

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9148}v41618

Genomic Clones (7)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (7)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD24950

Other clones

FI15206

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0029857

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

GM05411

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0029857

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

monoclonal

(Kaneko et al., 2024)

polyclonal

(Rastegari et al., 2020)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: wuho CG15897

(Wu et al., 2006)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The name "wuho" means "no progeny" and refers to the male sterile phenotype of mutants.

(Wu et al., 2006)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (4)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG15897

(Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Spresser et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2006, Laviolette et al., 2005)

Wuho

(Breznak et al., 2023)

(Rastegari et al., 2020, Cheng et al., 2016, Wu et al., 2006)

wuho

(Peng and Zhao, 2026, Kaneko et al., 2024, Nieken et al., 2023)

Name Synonyms

CG15897

wuho

(Rastegari et al., 2020)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

31566

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9W415

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9W415

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8MSB8

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9W415

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

31566/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0029857

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0029857

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0029857

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG15897

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

31566

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0029857

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0029857

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0029857

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

wuho_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0029857

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0029857

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG15897

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0029857

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9W415

References (32)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

0.19

Report Sections