FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Flacc
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Flacc
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Fl(2)d-associated complex component
Annotation Symbol
CG7358
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0030974
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Summary
Associated component of the WMM complex, a complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNAs, a modification that plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and is required for sex determination (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). In the WMM complex, acts as a key regulator of m6A methylation by bridging fl(2)d to the RNA-binding component nito (PubMed:29535189). Required for sex determination and dosage compensation via Sxl alternative splicing: m6A methylation acts as a key regulator of Sxl pre-mRNA and promotes female-specific alternative splicing of Sxl, which determines female physiognomy (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). (UniProt, Q9VWN4)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

xio

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
17F2-17F2
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-61
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:18888978..18893636
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in mRNA processing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018)
involved_in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bawankar et al., 2021)
inferred from direct assay
(Guo et al., 2018)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Knuckles et al., 2018)
involved_in sex determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in mRNA modification
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR040427
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018)
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2021)
part_of RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Bawankar et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021)
inferred from direct assay
(Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR040427
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ZC3H13 family. (Q9VWN4)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
M6A METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX -
The m6A methyltransferase complex is a nuclear, multi-component enzyme involved in mediating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in mRNAs. This modification modulates mRNA processing and activity. (Adapted from FBrf0234210 and FBrf0234211).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Associated component of the WMM complex, a complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNAs, a modification that plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and is required for sex determination (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). In the WMM complex, acts as a key regulator of m6A methylation by bridging fl(2)d to the RNA-binding component nito (PubMed:29535189). Required for sex determination and dosage compensation via Sxl alternative splicing: m6A methylation acts as a key regulator of Sxl pre-mRNA and promotes female-specific alternative splicing of Sxl, which determines female physiognomy (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755).
(UniProt, Q9VWN4)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Flacc for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VWN4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Flacc-RA
FBtr0074652
NM_133111
3952
1150
Flacc-RB
FBtr0342879
NM_001298489
3919
1139
Flacc-RC
FBtr0342880
NM_001298490
4147
842
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Flacc-PA
FBpp0074423
129.0
1150
9.74
Q9VWN4
NP_573339
AAF48904
Flacc-PB
FBpp0309680
127.8
1139
9.69
X2JFQ1
NP_001285418
AHN59888
Flacc-PC
FBpp0309681
95.3
842
10.84
X2JG10
NP_001285419
AHN59889
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the WMM complex, a N6-methyltransferase complex composed of a catalytic subcomplex, named MAC, and of an associated subcomplex, named MACOM (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). The MAC subcomplex is composed of Ime4/Mettl3 and Mettl14 (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). The MACOM subcomplex is composed of fl(2)d, Flacc/Xio, Hakai, vir, and, in some cases of nito (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755).

(UniProt, Q9VWN4)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Flacc using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.20

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
wing disc | ubiquitous
(Guo et al., 2018)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018)
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2021)
part_of RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Bawankar et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021)
inferred from direct assay
(Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Flacc in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Flacc
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Flacc
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\ZC3H13
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\THOC2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Zc3h13
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Thoc2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Zc3h13
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Thoc2l
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Thoc2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\zc3h13
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\zc3h13
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\thoc2
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\thoc-2
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013495
4 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008236
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\THO2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\THO2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\tho2
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Flacc. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
tho2
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ZC3H13; zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13
    4 of 14
    616453
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        vir
        suppressible
        Flacc|nito
        (Knuckles et al., 2018)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Component of the WMM complex, a N6-methyltransferase complex composed of a catalytic subcomplex, named MAC, and of an associated subcomplex, named MACOM (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). The MAC subcomplex is composed of Ime4/Mettl3 and Mettl14 (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). The MACOM subcomplex is composed of fl(2)d, Flacc/Xio, Hakai, vir, and, in some cases of nito (PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755).
        (UniProt, Q9VWN4 )
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        X
        Recombination map
        1-61
        Cytogenetic map
        17F2-17F2
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        17F2-17F2
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG7326EP1133 and P{EP}CG7502EP1326
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        1-61

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        1-60.1

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (9)
        Genomic Clones (7)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (177)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: xio CG7358

            (Guo et al., 2018)

            Source for identity of: Flacc CG7358

            (Knuckles et al., 2018)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology

            Named 'Xiong', the Chinese character for maleness, since its loss of function shows female-to-male transformations.

            (Guo et al., 2018)
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 35 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (40)