FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\nito
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\nito
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
spenito
Annotation Symbol
CG2910
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0027548
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
16 publicly available
Gene Summary
RNA-binding protein that acts as an associated component of the WMM complex, a complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNAs (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). M6a modification plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and is required for sex determination (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). In the WMM complex, may act by binding target RNAs and recruiting the WMM complex (PubMed:29535189). Required for sex determination and dosage compensation via Sxl alternative splicing: m6A methylation acts as a key regulator of Sxl pre-mRNA and promotes female-specific alternative splicing of Sxl, which determines female physiognomy (PubMed:26324914, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). M6A methylation is also required for neuronal functions (PubMed:27919077). Acts as a positive regulator of canonical Wg signaling during wing disk and eye development (PubMed:16547102, PubMed:18174108). (UniProt, Q7KMJ6)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

BcDNA:GH11110 , dOTT, DmSSp

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
43F8-43F9
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-57
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:7962463..7969805
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables mRNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001142786
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables nucleic acid binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR035979
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000504
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P53617
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in compound eye development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chang et al., 2008)
involved_in negative regulation of stem cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yan and Perrimon, 2015)
involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:arm; FB:FBgn0000117
(Chang et al., 2008)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:wg; FB:FBgn0284084
(Chang et al., 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Hipk; FB:FBgn0035142
(Dewald et al., 2014)
involved_in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lence et al., 2016)
involved_in wing disc pattern formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chang et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inferred by curator from GO:0071011
(Herold et al., 2009)
involved_in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001142786
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2021, Kan et al., 2017, Yan and Perrimon, 2015, Chang et al., 2008)
part_of precatalytic spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
part_of RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018)
inferred from direct assay
(Bawankar et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021, Lence et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002754431
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the RRM Spen family. (Q7KMJ6)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
M6A METHYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX -
The m6A methyltransferase complex is a nuclear, multi-component enzyme involved in mediating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in mRNAs. This modification modulates mRNA processing and activity. (Adapted from FBrf0234210 and FBrf0234211).
Pathway (FlyBase)
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Positive regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the enhancement of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
RNA-binding protein that acts as an associated component of the WMM complex, a complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNAs (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). M6a modification plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and is required for sex determination (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). In the WMM complex, may act by binding target RNAs and recruiting the WMM complex (PubMed:29535189). Required for sex determination and dosage compensation via Sxl alternative splicing: m6A methylation acts as a key regulator of Sxl pre-mRNA and promotes female-specific alternative splicing of Sxl, which determines female physiognomy (PubMed:26324914, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). M6A methylation is also required for neuronal functions (PubMed:27919077). Acts as a positive regulator of canonical Wg signaling during wing disk and eye development (PubMed:16547102, PubMed:18174108).
(UniProt, Q7KMJ6)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

mRNA-binding factor - m(6)A methyltransferase complex component - sex determination - fat body - counteracts Split ends function in fat regulation - stimulates axon outgrowth during neurosecretory cell remodeling - promotes Wingless signaling

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\nito for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7KMJ6)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
nito-RA
FBtr0088857
NM_165579
4001
793
nito-RB
FBtr0088858
NM_136495
3115
793
nito-RC
FBtr0339122
NM_001299245
3084
793
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
nito-PA
FBpp0087933
89.1
793
9.71
Q7KMJ6
NP_724633
AAM68878
nito-PB
FBpp0087934
89.1
793
9.71
Q7KMJ6
NP_610339
AAF59160
nito-PC
FBpp0308267
89.1
793
9.71
Q7KMJ6
NP_001286174
AHN55972
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

793 aa isoforms: nito-PA, nito-PB, nito-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the WMM complex, a N6-methyltransferase complex composed of a catalytic subcomplex, named MAC, and of an associated subcomplex, named MACOM (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:28675155, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). The MAC subcomplex is composed of Ime4/Mettl3 and Mettl14 (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:28675155, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). The MACOM subcomplex is composed of fl(2)d, Flacc/Xio, Hakai, vir, and, in some cases of nito (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). Interacts with Sxl (PubMed:26324914). Interacts with Hipk; leading to phosphorylation (PubMed:25040100).

(UniProt, Q7KMJ6)
Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylated by Hipk at Ser-23, Ser-25 and/or Ser-27; the precise position if phosphorylation sites is unknown (PubMed:25040100).

(UniProt, Q7KMJ6)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\nito using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.63

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
imaginal disc | ubiquitous
(Yan and Perrimon, 2015)
wing disc | ubiquitous
(Yan and Perrimon, 2015)
third instar larval stage
eye disc | ubiquitous
(Chang et al., 2008)
wing disc | ubiquitous
(Chang et al., 2008)
adult stage | female
ovary | ubiquitous
(Yan and Perrimon, 2015)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data

nito expression is ubiquitous in all tissues examined. It is not differentially expressed in males versus females.

(Yan and Perrimon, 2015)

nito is ubiquitously expressed in the wing disc and the eye disc.

(Chang et al., 2008)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2021, Kan et al., 2017, Yan and Perrimon, 2015, Chang et al., 2008)
part_of precatalytic spliceosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Herold et al., 2009)
part_of RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018)
inferred from direct assay
(Bawankar et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021, Lence et al., 2016)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\nito in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of nito
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of nito
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)Exel6055
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
lethal, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lethal | female limited, with Scer\GAL4dome-PG14
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Df(2R)Exel6055)
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority live | female
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.otu
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal sex-determination, with Scer\GAL4dome-PG14
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
some die during larval stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
visible, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
visible, with Scer\GAL4sev.PR
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
aedeagus | ectopic | female limited, with Scer\GAL4dome-PG14
eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
eye, with Scer\GAL4sev.PR
eye | posterior, with Scer\GAL4sev.PR
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4sev.PR
female genitalia, with Scer\GAL4dome-PG14
ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4sev.PR
ovary, with Scer\GAL4VP16.otu
prothoracic leg | female limited, with Scer\GAL4dome-PG14
rhabdomere, with Scer\GAL4sev.PR
sex comb | ectopic | female limited, with Scer\GAL4dome-PG14
surstylus | ectopic | female limited, with Scer\GAL4dome-PG14
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (45)
Hsap\RBM15B
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\RBM15
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\SPEN
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SFPQ
2 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\CELF1
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\CELF2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CELF3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CELF4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CELF5
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\CELF6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DAZAP1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ELAVL1
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\ELAVL2
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\ELAVL3
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\ELAVL4
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\HNRNPA2B1
1 of 14
No
No
13  
Hsap\NONO
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\PABPC1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\PABPC3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PABPC4
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PABPC4L
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PABPC5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RAVER1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RAVER2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM4B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM4
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RBM14
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM14-RBM4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM39
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBM46
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SART3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SF3B4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SF3B6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SNRPA
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SRSF1
1 of 14
No
No
20  
Hsap\SRSF2
1 of 14
No
No
0  
Hsap\SRSF4
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SRSF6
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SRSF7
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SRSF8
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SRSF9
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SRSF10
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TIA1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TIAL1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZCRB1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (24)
Rnor\Rbm15
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Rbm15b
12 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Spen
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Celf1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Celf3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Celf6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dazap1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Elavl1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Elavl4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hnrnpa2b1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC100911361
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nono
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pabpc4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Raver1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Raver2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rbm4b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rbm14
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rbm39
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sart3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sfpq
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Srsf4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Srsf6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Srsf9
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tardbp
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (30)
Mmus\Rbm15b
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Rbm15
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Spen
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sfpq
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celf1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celf3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celf4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celf5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celf6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dazap1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Elavl1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Elavl4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hnrnpa2b1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Igf2bp1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nono
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pabpc1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pabpc4l
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pabpc4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pabpc5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pabpc6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Raver1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Raver2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbm4b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbm4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbm14
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rbm39
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sart3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Srsf4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Srsf6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Srsf9
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (26)
Xtro\rbm15b
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rbm15
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ncoa4
9 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ankfn1l
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\celf1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\celf2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\celf4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\celf5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dazap1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\elavl1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\elavl2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\elavl3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\f2rl2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ndufs5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pabpc1l
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rbm4b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rbm46
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sf3b6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\snrpa
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\snx15
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\spen
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\srsf1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\srsf4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\srsf7
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\srsf9
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zcrb1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (31)
Drer\rbm15
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\rbm15b
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch1073-335m2.2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\spen
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\nono
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\raver2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\a1cf
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celf3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celf3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celf4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\dazap1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\elavl4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hnrnpa1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ncl
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pabpc1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\raver1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm4.1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm4.2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm4.3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm14a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm14b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm28
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm34
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rbm47
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\sfpq
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\srsf1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\srsf4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\srsf5b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\srsf6a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\srsf9
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:77262
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (16)
Cele\grld-1
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\cyn-13
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\din-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\etr-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\nono-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\pab-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\pab-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rnp-9
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rsp-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rsp-6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sap-49
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sftb-6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sqd-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\tiar-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-75
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y57G11A.5
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (28)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005127
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009990
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000965
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000977
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001419
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001538
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001883
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001993
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002335
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002780
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003173
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003794
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003899
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005249
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005292
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006798
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007325
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007689
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008303
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008433
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009742
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009952
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010194
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010495
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010496
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011092
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011637
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011884
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (47)
Atha\AT4G12640
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\FPA
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G03457
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G06960
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G60000
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G14870
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G21440
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G43370
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G44710
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G47310
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G13224
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G48835
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G19610
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G08695
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G12190
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CP31B
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CP33
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP59
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\emb2444
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\FCA
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ML2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB5
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB7
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PAB8
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RBP31
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RBP45B
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RBP-DR1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RS31a
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RS31
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RS40
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RS41
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RSZ21
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RSZ22a
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RSZ22
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SR30
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SR34a
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SR34
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SR34b
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\U1-70K
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\U1A
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\U2B''
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\U11/U12-31K
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (7)
Scer\MRD1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\NOP13
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\NRD1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\NSR1
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\PAB1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\PES4
1 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\RNA15
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\sap49
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:nito. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (30)
spen
5 of 13
nonA-l
3 of 13
nonA
2 of 13
bru1
1 of 13
bru2
1 of 13
Caper
1 of 13
CG10466
1 of 13
CG34354
1 of 13
elav
1 of 13
fne
1 of 13
Hrb27C
1 of 13
Isha
1 of 13
lark
1 of 13
maca
1 of 13
msi
1 of 13
pAbp
1 of 13
Ppil4
1 of 13
Rbp1
1 of 13
Rbp9
1 of 13
Rox8
1 of 13
Secp43
1 of 13
Sf3b6
1 of 13
snf
1 of 13
Spx
1 of 13
sqd
1 of 13
ssx
1 of 13
Sxl
1 of 13
Syp
1 of 13
tra2
1 of 13
x16
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    nitoHMS00166
    ameliorates  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10
    modeled by Hsap\TARDBPM.UAS.Tag:FLAG
    (Azpurua et al., 2021)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    RBM15B; RNA binding motif protein 15B
    13 of 14
    612602
        RBM15; RNA binding motif protein 15
        13 of 14
        606077
            SPEN; spen family transcriptional repressor
            3 of 14
            613484
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              Interaction Browsers
              View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
              Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
              protein-protein
              Physical Interaction
              Assay
              References
              nito
              two hybrid
              (Bawankar et al., 2021)
              nito - Atx2
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - CG6701
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - CG7611
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - CG7878
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - Dhx15
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - Flacc
              experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - Hakai
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
              (Bawankar et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021)
              nito - Hecw
              pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Fajner et al., 2021)
              nito - Hipk
              enzymatic study, autoradiography, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
              (Dewald et al., 2014)
              nito - Hsp70Aa
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - Imp
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - Kaz
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - Mettl14
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Knuckles et al., 2018, Kan et al., 2017)
              nito - Mettl3
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Knuckles et al., 2018, Kan et al., 2017)
              nito - Myc
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
              nito - Prp39
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - Rm62
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - Srp72
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - Sxl
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, primer specific pcr
              (Yan and Perrimon, 2015)
              nito - Upf1
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - btz
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - fl(2)d
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Bawankar et al., 2021, Knuckles et al., 2018, Kan et al., 2017, Lence et al., 2016)
              nito - kel
              proximity-dependent biotin identification, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Mannix et al., 2019)
              nito - larp
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - pAbp
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - qkr54B
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              nito - qkr58E-1
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - qkr58E-2
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - sesB
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - sqd
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              nito - vir
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot
              (Knuckles et al., 2018)
              nito - yps
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Tang et al., 2021)
              RNA-protein
              Physical Interaction
              Assay
              References
              nito - Aldh-III
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
              (Knuckles et al., 2018)
              nito - Dsp1
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
              (Knuckles et al., 2018)
              nito - H
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
              (Knuckles et al., 2018)
              nito - Sxl
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, primer specific pcr
              (Yan and Perrimon, 2015)
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              Interaction Browsers
              View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
              Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              hid|nito
              suppressible
              spen
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              nito
              enhanceable
              spen
              (Jemc and Rebay, 2006)
              wg|nito
              suppressible
              spen
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              arm|nito
              suppressible
              spen
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              arm
              suppressible
              nito
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              arm|spen
              suppressible
              nito
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              hid
              suppressible
              nito
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              hid|spen
              suppressible
              nito
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              spen
              suppressible
              nito
              (Jemc and Rebay, 2006)
              spen
              enhanceable
              nito
              (Jemc and Rebay, 2006)
              vir
              suppressible
              Flacc|nito
              (Knuckles et al., 2018)
              wg
              suppressible
              nito
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              wg|spen
              suppressible
              nito
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              External Data
              Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
              Component of the WMM complex, a N6-methyltransferase complex composed of a catalytic subcomplex, named MAC, and of an associated subcomplex, named MACOM (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:28675155, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). The MAC subcomplex is composed of Ime4/Mettl3 and Mettl14 (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:28675155, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). The MACOM subcomplex is composed of fl(2)d, Flacc/Xio, Hakai, vir, and, in some cases of nito (PubMed:27919077, PubMed:29535189, PubMed:29555755). Interacts with Sxl (PubMed:26324914). Interacts with Hipk; leading to phosphorylation (PubMed:25040100).
              (UniProt, Q7KMJ6 )
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Pathways
              Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
              Metabolic Pathways
              FlyBase
              External Links
              External Data
              Linkouts
              Class of Gene
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              2R
              Recombination map
              2-57
              Cytogenetic map
              43F8-43F9
              Sequence location
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              43F8-43F9
              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}lin19k01207&P{lacW}rnh1k07624 and P{lacW}CSN4k08018&P{lacW}l(2)k08504k08504
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location

              2-57

              (FlyBase, 2016)

              2-57.2

              (Comeron et al., 2012)
              Left of (cM)
              Right of (cM)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (16)
              Genomic Clones (15)
               

              Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

              cDNA Clones (81)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequenced
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                RNAi and Array Information
                Linkouts
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Antibody Information
                Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                 

                polyclonal

                (Yan and Perrimon, 2015, Dewald et al., 2014, Chang et al., 2008)
                Commercially Available Antibodies
                 
                Cell Line Information
                Publicly Available Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Stable Cell Lines
                   
                    Other Comments
                    Relationship to Other Genes
                    Source for database merge of
                    Additional comments
                    Nomenclature History
                    Source for database identify of

                    Source for identity of: nito BcDNA:GH11110

                    (Jemc, 2003.2.10)
                    Nomenclature comments
                    Etymology
                    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
                    Reported As
                    Symbol Synonym
                    BcDNA:GH11110
                    (Giot et al., 2003)
                    CG2910
                    (Lai et al., 2017.8.30, Çiçek et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2013, Christis and Munro, 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Herold et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Chang et al., 2006, Chang et al., 2005)
                    Dm44A/spenito
                    (Jemc and Rebay, 2003)
                    DmSSp
                    (Chang et al., 2008, Kuang et al., 2000)
                    NITO
                    (Damulewicz et al., 2025)
                    Nito
                    (Diaz et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2021, Guo et al., 2018, Knuckles et al., 2018, Kan et al., 2017, Moschall et al., 2017, Lence et al., 2016, Kwong et al., 2015, Yan and Perrimon, 2015, Chang et al., 2008)
                    SSLP
                    (Chang et al., 2008)
                    Spenito
                    (Angelova et al., 2018, Hazegh et al., 2017, Kan et al., 2017)
                    cg2910
                    (Lasko, 2000)
                    dOTT
                    (Chang et al., 2006, Chang et al., 2005)
                    nito
                    (Diaz et al., 2025, Choudhury et al., 2024, McQuarrie et al., 2023, Zhang et al., 2023, Azpurua et al., 2021, Baker et al., 2021, Bawankar et al., 2021, Hall et al., 2019, Mannix et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Lai et al., 2017.8.30, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Sarov et al., 2016, Appel et al., 2015, Kwong et al., 2015, Yan and Perrimon, 2015, Dewald et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Neumüller et al., 2011, Herold et al., 2009, Chang et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Jemc and Rebay, 2006)
                    Name Synonyms
                    One Twenty Two
                    (Chang et al., 2005)
                    Spen-like protein
                    (Chang et al., 2008)
                    Spenito
                    (Kan et al., 2017, Moschall et al., 2017, Lence et al., 2016, Chang et al., 2008)
                    spenito
                    (Blatt et al., 2020, Peiris et al., 2018, Lai et al., 2017.8.30, Yan and Perrimon, 2015, Dewald et al., 2014, Jemc and Rebay, 2006, Jemc and Rebay, 2003)
                    Secondary FlyBase IDs
                      Datasets (0)
                      Study focus (0)
                      Experimental Role
                      Project
                      Project Type
                      Title
                      Study result (0)
                      Result
                      Result Type
                      Title
                      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 51 )
                      Sequence Crossreferences
                      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      Other crossreferences
                      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                      Linkouts
                      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      References (92)