FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Sesn
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Sesn
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Sestrin
Annotation Symbol
CG11299
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0034897
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
16 publicly available
Gene Summary
Sestrin (Sesn) encodes a stress-inducible protein that suppresses accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibits the TORC1 signaling pathway, which allows it to regulate oxidative damage. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dSesn

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
59F6-59F7
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-104
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:23713900..23734846
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables amino acid sensor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gu et al., 2022)
enables protein-containing complex binding
inferred from direct assay
(Gu et al., 2022)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables L-leucine binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280005
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280005
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables peroxidase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P58004
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to L-leucine
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gu et al., 2022)
involved_in cellular response to leucine starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gu et al., 2022)
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lee et al., 2010)
involved_in negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gu et al., 2022)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gu et al., 2017)
acts_upstream_of_positive_effect regulation of foraging behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gu et al., 2022)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to L-leucine
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280005
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in cellular response to leucine starvation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280005
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280005
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280005
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of response to reactive oxygen species
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006730
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006730
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the sestrin family. (Q9W1K5)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Sestrin (Sesn) encodes a stress-inducible protein that suppresses accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibits the TORC1 signaling pathway, which allows it to regulate oxidative damage. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED PEROXIDASES -
This group comprises peroxidases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Functions as a negative feedback regulator of mTOR function.
(UniProt, Q9W1K5)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

conserved proteins that accumulate in cells exposed to stress, potentiate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibit activation of TOR - prevents pathologies caused by chronic TOR activation

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Sesn for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W1K5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Gene model reviewed during 6.28

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Sesn-RA
FBtr0072087
NM_137977
3097
497
Sesn-RB
FBtr0113113
NM_001103967
3053
497
Sesn-RC
FBtr0113114
NM_001103968
4745
497
Sesn-RD
FBtr0343268
NM_001299849
2431
467
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Sesn-PA
FBpp0071996
55.9
497
5.10
Q9W1K5
NP_611821
AAF47053
Sesn-PB
FBpp0112026
55.9
497
5.10
Q9W1K5
NP_001097437
ABV53897
Sesn-PC
FBpp0112027
55.9
497
5.10
Q9W1K5
NP_001097438
ABV53898
Sesn-PD
FBpp0309933
52.5
467
5.73
A0A0B4LGG4
NP_001286778
AHN56573
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

497 aa isoforms: Sesn-PA, Sesn-PB, Sesn-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Associates with the GATOR2 complex; the interaction is probably direct (PubMed:38514639). Associates with the GATOR1 complex; the interaction is probably indirect and mediated by the GATOR2 complex (PubMed:38514639).

(UniProt, Q9W1K5)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Sesn using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.04

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Sesn in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Sesn
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Sesn
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\SESN3
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\SESN1
13 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\SESN2
12 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Sesn3
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Sesn1
13 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Sesn2
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Sesn1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Sesn3
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Sesn2
11 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\sesn3
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\sesn1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\sesn2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ak7
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\klf6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nlgn1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pax8
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)
Drer\sesn3
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\sesn1
13 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\sesn2
12 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\sesn4
9 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\sesn-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007169
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT3G55910
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Sesn. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    SESN3; sestrin 3
    14 of 14
    607768
        SESN1; sestrin 1
        13 of 14
        606103
             
            SESN2; sestrin 2
            12 of 14
            607767
                 
                Functional Complementation Data
                Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                Interactions
                Summary of Physical Interactions
                Summary of Genetic Interactions
                Interaction Browsers
                View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                Starting gene(s)
                Interaction type
                Interacting gene(s)
                Reference
                Sesn
                enhanceable
                gig
                (Kim and Lee, 2015)
                Starting gene(s)
                Interaction type
                Interacting gene(s)
                Reference
                Akt
                suppressible
                Sesn
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                InR
                suppressible
                Sesn
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                InR
                enhanceable
                Sesn
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                Pi3K92E
                enhanceable
                Sesn
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                Pi3K92E
                suppressible
                Sesn
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                Pten
                enhanceable
                Sesn
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                Rheb
                suppressible
                Sesn
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                S6k
                enhanceable
                Sesn
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                External Data
                Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                Associates with the GATOR2 complex; the interaction is probably direct (PubMed:38514639). Associates with the GATOR1 complex; the interaction is probably indirect and mediated by the GATOR2 complex (PubMed:38514639).
                (UniProt, Q9W1K5 )
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Pathways
                Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                Metabolic Pathways
                FlyBase
                External Links
                External Data
                Linkouts
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                Class of Gene
                Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                Chromosome (arm)
                2R
                Recombination map
                2-104
                Cytogenetic map
                59F6-59F7
                Sequence location
                FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                Cytogenetic map
                Evidence for location
                59F6-59F7
                Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}apt03041 and P{EP}eglEP938
                Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                Cytogenetic map
                Notes
                References
                Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                Location

                2-104

                (FlyBase, 2016)

                2-109.4

                (Comeron et al., 2012)
                Left of (cM)
                Right of (cM)
                Notes
                Stocks and Reagents
                Stocks (16)
                Genomic Clones (22)
                cDNA Clones (74)
                 

                Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                RNAi and Array Information
                Linkouts
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Antibody Information
                Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                 

                polyclonal

                (Lee et al., 2010)
                Commercially Available Antibodies
                 
                Cell Line Information
                Publicly Available Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Stable Cell Lines
                   
                    Other Comments
                    Relationship to Other Genes
                    Source for database merge of

                    Source for merge of: CG11299 BcDNA:GH20113

                    (FlyBase, 1996-)
                    Additional comments

                    One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene contain(s) two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by Sesn and CG46429.

                    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2019)

                    Source for merge of CG11299 BcDNA:GH20113 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

                    (FlyBase, 1996-)
                    Nomenclature History
                    Source for database identify of

                    Source for identity of: CG11299 Sesn

                    (Lee et al., 2010)
                    Nomenclature comments
                    Etymology
                    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
                    Datasets (0)
                    Study focus (0)
                    Experimental Role
                    Project
                    Project Type
                    Title
                    Study result (0)
                    Result
                    Result Type
                    Title
                    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 49 )
                    Sequence Crossreferences
                    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                    Other crossreferences
                    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                    Linkouts
                    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                    FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                    iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                    References (75)