FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\mge
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\mge
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
maggie
Annotation Symbol
CG14981
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0035473
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
maggie (mge) encodes a protein predicted to act as a receptor of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) complex, which is involved in protein import into mitochondria. The product of mge modulates cell death induced by the expression of the mouse Bax protein. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(3)63Fc, Tom22

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
63F6-63F6
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-9
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:3907852..3909931
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables mitochondrion targeting sequence binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9NS69
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
contributes_to protein transmembrane transporter activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P49334
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004364609
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred by curator from GO:0005742
(Periasamy et al., 2022)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in intracellular protein transport
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005683
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in protein import into mitochondrial matrix
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P49334
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004364609
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P49334
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in protein localization to mitochondrion
inferred by curator from GO:0005742
(Periasamy et al., 2022)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Periasamy et al., 2022)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P49334
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004364609
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005683
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
maggie (mge) encodes a protein predicted to act as a receptor of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) complex, which is involved in protein import into mitochondria. The product of mge modulates cell death induced by the expression of the mouse Bax protein. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
TRANSLOCASE OF OUTER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE COMPLEX -
The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex is a heteromeric assembly that spans the mitochondrial outer membrane. The TOM complex mediates the transit nascent precursor proteins from cytosolic ribosomes across the outer mitochondrial membrane. The translocated proteins may be transferring them to the translocases of the inner membrane (TIM) complex, for transfer to mitochondrial matrix or insertion into the inner membrane, or to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex for insertion into the outer membrane, or be released into the intermembrane space. The TOM complex is formed from 7 core proteins: Tom40 forms a β-barrel protein-conducting channel, Tom20, Tom70, Tom22 are preprotein receptors and Tom5, Tom6, Tom7 are involved with complex stability and assembly. (Adapted from PMID:33083003.)
TRANSLOCASE OF OUTER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE COMPLEX - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT -
The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex is a heteromeric assembly that spans the mitochondrial outer membrane. The TOM complex mediates the transit nascent precursor proteins from cytosolic ribosomes across the outer mitochondrial membrane. The translocated proteins may be transferring them to the translocases of the inner membrane (TIM) complex, for transfer to mitochondrial matrix or insertion into the inner membrane, or to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex for insertion into the outer membrane, or be released into the intermembrane space. The TOM complex is formed from 7 core proteins: Tom40 forms a β-barrel protein-conducting channel, Tom20, Tom70, Tom22 are preprotein receptors and Tom5, Tom6, Tom7 are involved with complex stability and assembly. (Adapted from PMID:33083003.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mge for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VZL1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
mge-RA
FBtr0073176
NM_079186
1088
148
mge-RB
FBtr0073175
NM_168044
886
122
mge-RC
FBtr0333141
NM_001274455
1313
52
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
mge-PA
FBpp0073033
16.2
148
4.24
Q9VZL1
NP_523910
AAF47809
mge-PB
FBpp0073032
13.4
122
4.40
Q9I7T5
NP_728910
AAG22242
mge-PC
FBpp0305347
5.6
52
3.84
M9PEJ1
NP_001261384
AGB94079
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mge using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.76

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
• membrane
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Periasamy et al., 2022)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: PBac{754.P.FSVS-0}mgeCPTI002870
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
medulla
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
lamina
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mge in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mge
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mge
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\TOMM22
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Tomm22
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Tomm22
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\tomm22
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\atad2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\tomm22
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\tomm-22
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005376
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\TOM22-I
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\TOM22-V
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\TOM22
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\tom22
4 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mge. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    TOMM22; translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 22
    13 of 14
    607046
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Tom40
        enhanceable
        mge
        (Periasamy et al., 2022)
        Tom40
        suppressible
        mge
        (Periasamy et al., 2022)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-9
        Cytogenetic map
        63F6-63F6
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        63F6-63F6
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Sc205634 and P{PZ}l(3)rG166rG166
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        63F-63F
        (Vaskova, 2000.3.2)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-9

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-8.4

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (7)
        Genomic Clones (15)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (111)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Mutations in mge lead to early larval lethality.

            (Vaskova et al., 2000)

            Discussed during genetic analysis of the Ras64B-Rop region.

            (Harrison et al., 1995)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: mge l(3)63Fc

            (Vaskova et al., 2000)

            Source for merge of: mge BcDNA:LP07226

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Additional comments

            Source for identity of mge CG14981 was sequence comparison ( date:000504 ).

            (FlyBase, 1996-)

            Source for merge of mge BcDNA:LP07226 was a shared cDNA ( date:020730 ).

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: mge CG14981

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology

            The gene is named "maggie" after a cartoon character in "The Simpsons" who is arrested in early development, since null mutants appear to arrest in the first-instar stage of development.

            (Vaskova et al., 2000)
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (55)