FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Scox
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Scox
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase
Annotation Symbol
CG8885
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0262467
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
Synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase (Scox) encodes a protein involved in cytochrome complex assembly and regulation of ATP biosynthesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
25B5-25B5
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-14
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:4967832..4968935
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables copper chaperone activity
traceable author statement
(Calap-Quintana et al., 2017, Nguyen et al., 2014)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017276
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables copper ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017276
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Porcelli et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in intracellular copper ion homeostasis
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017276
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly
traceable author statement
(Calap-Quintana et al., 2017, Nguyen et al., 2014)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000254759
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75880
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in respiratory chain complex IV assembly
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017276
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in mitochondrial inner membrane
traceable author statement
(Nguyen et al., 2014)
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75880
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017276
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase (Scox) encodes a protein involved in cytochrome complex assembly and regulation of ATP biosynthesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-19]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CHAIN COMPLEX IV ASSEMBLY FACTORS -
Mitochondrial Complex IV (MCIV)/cytochrome c oxidase assembly factors are involved at various points during the stepwise assembly of MCIV. (Adapted from PMID:30030361.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Scox for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VMX4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Scox-RA
FBtr0079052
NM_135040
1041
251
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Scox-PA
FBpp0078688
28.2
251
8.44
Q9VMX4
NP_608884
AAF52184
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Scox using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.22

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis stage S3 -- S12
nurse cell
(Porcelli et al., 2010)
oogenesis stage S7 -- S12
oocyte
(Porcelli et al., 2010)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
organism
(Porcelli et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

Scox transcripts are detected in nurse cells in early stages of oogenesis and later in the oocyte but never in the follicular epithelium. The oocyte is strongly labeled at late stages of oogenesis.

(Porcelli et al., 2010)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Scox in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 13 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Scox
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Scox
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)Exel7021
(Porcelli et al., 2010, Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(2L)Exel8012
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel7021)
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage (with Scox1rev1.2)
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage (with Scox1rev46.1)
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage (with Scox2rev9.2)
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage (with Scox2rev29.1)
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage (with Scox2rev44.2)
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage (with ScoxEY05333)
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage (with ScoxSH1783)
lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
lethal - all die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with Df(2L)Exel7021)
viable (with Scox1rev25.2)
viable (with Scox1rev69.2)
viable (with ScoxSH1783)
Sterility
Allele
female sterile (with Df(2L)Exel7021)
female sterile (with Scox1rev25.2)
female sterile (with Scox1rev69.2)
female sterile (with ScoxSH1783)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate | early third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
abnormal flight (with Scox1rev25.2)
abnormal flight (with ScoxSH1783)
abnormal locomotor behavior (with Scox1rev25.2)
abnormal locomotor behavior (with ScoxSH1783)
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | somatic clone
abnormal oxidative stress response, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
decreased body size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
decreased rate of movement | second instar larval stage
decreased rate of movement | second instar larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel7021)
decreased rate of movement | second instar larval stage (with ScoxEY05333)
decreased rate of movement | second instar larval stage (with ScoxSH1783)
increased cell death | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
increased cell death | adult stage | progressive | somatic clone
long lived, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
short lived, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
some die during second instar larval stage
some die during second instar larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel7021)
some die during second instar larval stage (with Scox1rev1.2)
some die during second instar larval stage (with Scox1rev46.1)
some die during second instar larval stage (with Scox2rev9.2)
some die during second instar larval stage (with Scox2rev29.1)
some die during second instar larval stage (with Scox2rev44.2)
some die during second instar larval stage (with ScoxEY05333)
some die during second instar larval stage (with ScoxSH1783)
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wild-type (with Df(2L)Exel7021)
wild-type (with Scox1rev2.1)
wild-type (with Scox1rev43.1)
wild-type (with Scox1rev73.3)
wild-type (with Scox2rev1.1)
wild-type (with ScoxEY05333)
wild-type (with ScoxSH1783)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult heart | progressive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
adult heart chamber 1, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
adult heart muscle cell | progressive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
adult thorax, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
cardiac myofibril | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
chaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
eye | somatic clone
eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone
oocyte | oogenesis stage S10 (with Scox1rev25.2)
oocyte | oogenesis stage S10 (with ScoxSH1783)
ovary
retina | somatic clone
rhabdomere of eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone
scutellum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\SCO1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\SCO2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Sco1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Tymp
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Sco1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Sco2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\sco1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\sco2
3 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\sco1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\sco2
8 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\sco-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\R05H5.3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008774
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\HCC1
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\HCC2
5 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\SCO1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\SCO2
12 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\sco1
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\hyaE
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Scox. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SCO1; synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 1
14 of 14
603644
 
SCO2; synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 2
9 of 14
604272
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Scox
suppressible
Diap1
(Martínez-Morentin et al., 2015)
Scox
suppressible
p53
(Martínez-Morentin et al., 2015)
Scox
enhanceable
p53
(Martínez-Morentin et al., 2015)
Scox
enhanceable
rpr
(Martínez-Morentin et al., 2015)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
p53
enhanceable
Scox
(Martínez-Morentin et al., 2015)
External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
External Data
Linkouts
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2L
Recombination map
2-14
Cytogenetic map
25B5-25B5
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
25B5-25B5
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k10004k10004&P{EP}CG3036EP963 and P{PZ}l(2)0571405714
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
25B1-25B1
(Oh et al., 2003)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

2-14

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-16.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (10)
Genomic Clones (13)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (16)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Nguyen et al., 2014)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        1 allele of l(2)SH1783 recovered in a P-insertion screen.

        (Oh et al., 2003)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: CG8885 l(2)SH1783

        (Porcelli et al., 2010)
        Additional comments

        FlyBase curator comment: Correspondence with author Porcelli revealed that 'scox' = 'CG8885'/'FBgn0031656'.

        (Porcelli et al., 2007)
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: Scox CG8885

        (Porcelli et al., 2010)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 35 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
        References (68)