FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\ver
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ver
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
verrocchio
Annotation Symbol
CG14121
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0262524
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Gene Summary
verrocchio (ver) encodes a member of the terminin complex, which prevents telomere fusions. It is required for telomere maintenance. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(3)S147910

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
69C4-69C4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-38
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:12523987..12525150
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
contributes_to single-stranded telomeric DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables telomeric DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008553235
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in telomere capping
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Raffa et al., 2010)
involved_in telomere maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in telomere capping
inferred by curator from GO:0000782,GO:0043047
(Zhang et al., 2016)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of telomere cap complex
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2016, Raffa et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
verrocchio (ver) encodes a member of the terminin complex, which prevents telomere fusions. It is required for telomere maintenance. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MTV COMPLEX -
The Moi-Tea-Ver (MTV) complex binds single-stranded DNA in a sequence independent manner, protecting the DNA from cleavage by endonucleases. Binds the HipHop-HOAP complex to form terminin telomere-capping complex which binds to chromosome ends in a sequence-independent manner and prevents telomere fusion. (Adapted from ComplexPortal.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Part of the MTV complex that associates with the HipHop-HOAP complex to form the terminin telomere-capping complex involved in telomere maintenance and prevention of telomere fusion (PubMed:20679394, PubMed:27835648). As part of the MTV complex binds single stranded DNA in a sequence-independent manner, protecting it from degradation (PubMed:27835648).
(UniProt, Q9VTZ2)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ver for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VTZ2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ver-RA
FBtr0075960
NM_140330
808
214
ver-RB
FBtr0331792
NM_001274848
724
214
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ver-PA
FBpp0075692
24.4
214
6.51
Q9VTZ2
NP_648587
AAF49903
ver-PB
FBpp0304177
24.4
214
6.51
Q9VTZ2
NP_001261777
AGB94470
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

214 aa isoforms: ver-PA, ver-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Probably homomultimerizes (PubMed:20679394). Component of the MTV complex, composed of moi/modigliani, tea and ver/verrocchio (PubMed:27835648). Interacts with moi/modigliani and tea (via C-terminus); the interactions are direct and require fully intact moi/modigliani and ver/verrocchio (PubMed:20679394, PubMed:27835648). The MTV complex is recruited to telomeres by the HipHop-HOAP complex, consisting of HipHop, cav/HOAP and Su(var)205/HP1 to form the terminin telomere-capping complex (PubMed:20679394, PubMed:27835648). Interacts with cav/HOAP; the interaction is direct (PubMed:20679394). Interacts with Su(var)205/HP1; the interaction is indirect and probably requires cav/HOAP or moi/modigliani (PubMed:20679394). Probably interacts with peo (via N-terminus and UBC domain) (PubMed:26110638).

(UniProt, Q9VTZ2)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ver using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.82

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
wing disc
(Organista et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of telomere cap complex
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2016, Raffa et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ver in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 10 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ver
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ver
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3L)iro-2
(Carre et al., 2005)
Df(3L)sex204
(Raffa et al., 2010)
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(3L)sex204
(Carre et al., 2005)
Inferred from location ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ver. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    cav
    enhanceable
    ver
    (Dubruille and Loppin, 2015)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Probably homomultimerizes (PubMed:20679394). Component of the MTV complex, composed of moi/modigliani, tea and ver/verrocchio (PubMed:27835648). Interacts with moi/modigliani and tea (via C-terminus); the interactions are direct and require fully intact moi/modigliani and ver/verrocchio (PubMed:20679394, PubMed:27835648). The MTV complex is recruited to telomeres by the HipHop-HOAP complex, consisting of HipHop, cav/HOAP and Su(var)205/HP1 to form the terminin telomere-capping complex (PubMed:20679394, PubMed:27835648). Interacts with cav/HOAP; the interaction is direct (PubMed:20679394). Interacts with Su(var)205/HP1; the interaction is indirect and probably requires cav/HOAP or moi/modigliani (PubMed:20679394). Probably interacts with peo (via N-terminus and UBC domain) (PubMed:26110638).
    (UniProt, Q9VTZ2 )
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-38
    Cytogenetic map
    69C4-69C4
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    69C4-69C4
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0508805088 and P{PZ}l(3)0692406924
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    69F3-69F7
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Deak et al., 1997)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-38

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-32.6

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (4)
    Genomic Clones (11)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (4)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Identification: identified in a screen to detect mutations affecting telomere behaviour in somatic cells.

            (Siriaco et al., 1999)

            Mutants show elevated frequencies of telomeric fusions compared to wild type.

            (Siriaco et al., 1999)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: CG14121 anon-WO0172774.86 anon-WO0172774.87

            (FlyBase, 1996-)

            Source for merge of: l(3)S147910 CG14121

            (Carre et al., 2005)

            Source for merge of: ver l(3)S147910

            (Raffa et al., 2010)
            Additional comments

            Source for merge of CG14121 anon-WO0172774.86 anon-WO0172774.87 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology

            The gene is named "verrocchio", as the name of this artist is the name of an Italian train, after the mutant phenotype (chromosomes of mutant mitotic brain cells show frequent telomeric associations, some of which generate multicentric chromosomes that resemble little "trains" of chromosomes).

            (Raffa et al., 2010)
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 27 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (45)