FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\mgr
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\mgr
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
merry-go-round
Annotation Symbol
CG6719
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0264694
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins (By similarity). Required for tubulin stability and spindle and centrosome formation in cooperation with Vhl. (UniProt, Q9VGP6)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
86E4-86E4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-51
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:11408792..11409875
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables beta-tubulin binding
inferred from direct assay
(Delgehyr et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables tubulin binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000274575
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in centrosome cycle
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Delgehyr et al., 2012)
involved_in establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2016)
involved_in meiotic spindle assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Delgehyr et al., 2012)
involved_in microtubule-based process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Delgehyr et al., 2012)
involved_in mitotic spindle assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Delgehyr et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in microtubule-based process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000274575
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in protein folding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016655
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in tubulin complex assembly
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000274575
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Delgehyr et al., 2012)
part_of prefoldin complex
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000274575
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of prefoldin complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000274575
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016655
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family. (Q9VGP6)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
PREFOLDIN COMPLEX -
The prefoldin complex is a heterohexameric co-chaperone involved in the folding of proteins such as tubulin and actin. It binds the cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) complex and and transfers target proteins to it. (Adapted from FBrf0231608 and PMID:29427249).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins (By similarity). Required for tubulin stability and spindle and centrosome formation in cooperation with Vhl.
(UniProt, Q9VGP6)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
mgr: merry-go-round
Most characteristic abnormality is appearance of mitotic and meiotic figures in which all the chromosomes are arranged in a circle. Other mutant traits include metaphase arrest, polyploid cells, postmeiotic cysts with 16 nuclei, and spermatids carrying four times the normal complement of chromosomes. The circular mitotic figures (CMF's) are caused by monopolar spindles. The wild-type allele of mgr apparently is necessary for correct centrosome behavior.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mgr for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VGP6)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
mgr-RA
FBtr0082406
NM_141810
946
194
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
mgr-PA
FBpp0081882
22.3
194
4.76
Q9VGP6
NP_650067
AAF54630
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits (By similarity). Interacts with itself. Interacts with Vhl and betaTub56D/tubulin beta-1 chain. Interacts with tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers by itself or in complex with Vhl. Does not interact with microtubules (MTs).

(UniProt, Q9VGP6)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mgr using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.02

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Delgehyr et al., 2012)
part_of prefoldin complex
inferred from direct assay
(Zhang et al., 2016)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mgr in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mgr
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mgr
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | pharate adult stage (with mgr5)
lethal | pharate adult stage (with mgrl4)
partially lethal - majority die | pharate adult stage (with mgr5)
partially lethal - majority die | pharate adult stage (with mgrl4)
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
male sterile
sterile
sterile (with mgr5)
sterile (with mgrl4)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal meiotic cell cycle (with mgr5)
abnormal meiotic cell cycle (with mgrl4)
abnormal mitotic cell cycle
abnormal mitotic cell cycle (with mgr5)
abnormal mitotic cell cycle (with mgrl4)
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA, Scer\GAL80ase.PN
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel6160)
increased cell number | third instar larval stage
increased cell number | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel6160)
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
centrosome | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel6160)
germline cyst
larval brain
larval neuroblast (with mgr5)
larval neuroblast (with mgrl4)
macrochaeta
mature primary spermatocyte cyst cell (with mgr5)
mature primary spermatocyte cyst cell (with mgrl4)
meiotic spindle (with mgr5)
meiotic spindle (with mgrl4)
microtubule (with mgr5)
microtubule (with mgrl4)
mitotic cell cycle
mitotic spindle (with mgr5)
mitotic spindle (with mgrl4)
mitotic spindle | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel6160)
neuroblast | increased number | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Exel6160)
spindle microtubule | third instar larval stage
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
type II neuroblast | increased number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA, Scer\GAL80ase.PN
type I neuroblast | increased number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
wing
wing | male
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\VBP1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Vbp1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Vbp1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\vbp1
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\picalm
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\vbp1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\pfd-3
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011165
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\PFD3
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\PAC10
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\pac10
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mgr. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
CG15676
4 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    VBP1; VHL binding protein 1
    14 of 14
    300133
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        mgr
        enhanceable
        Pfdn2
        (Zhang et al., 2016)
        mgr
        enhanceable
        pins
        (Zhang et al., 2016)
        mgr
        enhanceable
        βTub56D
        (Delgehyr et al., 2012)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Pfdn2
        enhanceable
        mgr
        (Zhang et al., 2016)
        pins
        suppressible
        mgr
        (Zhang et al., 2016)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits (By similarity). Interacts with itself. Interacts with Vhl and betaTub56D/tubulin beta-1 chain. Interacts with tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers by itself or in complex with Vhl. Does not interact with microtubules (MTs).
        (UniProt, Q9VGP6 )
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-51
        Cytogenetic map
        86E4-86E4
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        86E4-86E4
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP3340EP3340 and P{PZ}tho1&P{PZ}l(3)0462905275
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-51

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-48.2

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        3-51.1

        (Ripoll et al., 1987)

        3-51.3

        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (5)
        Genomic Clones (12)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (102)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Zhang et al., 2016, Delgehyr et al., 2012)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Five genes essential for cell cycle progression, polo, mgr, asp, stg and gnu, are recombined onto a single chromosome, EMS mutations are isolated that fail to complement this chromosome. Genes encoding proteins that interact with the products of any of the five genes are isolated.

              (White-Cooper et al., 1996)

              The neuroblast phenotype of aur mutants is similar to that of mgr mutants.

              (Glover, 1995)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: mgr CG6719

              (Delgehyr et al., 2012)
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 28 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (57)