FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\sina[2]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\sina²

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0015666

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\sina

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutation results in a truncated protein that lacks the C-terminal 105 amino acids of the wild-type protein.

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

Nucleotide substitution: G1532A.

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

Amino acid replacement: W210term.

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

3L:16,857,047..16,857,047 [+]

Nucleotide change:

G16857047A

Reported nucleotide change:

G1532A

Amino acid change:

W210term | sina-PA; W210term | sina-PB; W210term | sina-PC

Reported amino acid change:

W210term

Comment:

TGG to TGA

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal behavior | adult stage

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

decreased cell number | adult stage | somatic clone

(Yin and Xi, 2018)

female sterile

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

male sterile

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

short lived

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

uncoordinated

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

viable (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

viable | recessive

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

visible (with sina³)

(Okabe et al., 2001, Pi et al., 2001)

visible | adult stage

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

Phenotype Manifest In

adult abdominal segment 3 & chaeta (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

adult abdominal segment 3 & microchaeta (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

adult abdominal segment 3 & tormogen cell | supernumerary (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

adult abdominal segment 3 & trichogen cell | supernumerary (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

adult abdominal segment 4 & chaeta (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

adult abdominal segment 4 & microchaeta (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

adult abdominal segment 4 & tormogen cell | supernumerary (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

adult abdominal segment 4 & trichogen cell | supernumerary (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

adult midgut | somatic clone

(Yin and Xi, 2018)

dorsal row of double row of wing sensilla

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

enteroendocrine cell | adult stage | somatic clone

(Yin and Xi, 2018)

external sensory organ (with sina³)

(Okabe et al., 2001)

eye (with sina³)

(Hirota et al., 1999)

eye photoreceptor cell

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

macrochaeta

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

medial row of triple row of wing sensilla

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

mesothoracic tergum & chaeta (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

mesothoracic tergum & microchaeta (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

mesothoracic tergum & tormogen cell | supernumerary (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

mesothoracic tergum & trichogen cell | supernumerary (with sina³)

(Pi et al., 2001)

microchaeta

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

ommatidium (with sina³)

(Siddall et al., 2009, Bai et al., 2001, Hirota et al., 1999)

photoreceptor cell R1 | third instar larval stage (with sina³)

(Siddall et al., 2009)

photoreceptor cell R6 | third instar larval stage (with sina³)

(Siddall et al., 2009)

photoreceptor cell R7

(Thackeray et al., 1998, Tang et al., 1997, Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

photoreceptor cell R7 (with sina³)

(Bai et al., 2001, Hirota et al., 1999)

photoreceptor cell R7 | third instar larval stage (with sina³)

(Siddall et al., 2009)

photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium (with sina³)

(Birkholz et al., 2009)

trichogen cell | increased number (with sina³)

(Okabe et al., 2001)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

sina² homozygous clones in the adult midgut bear virtually no enteroendocrine cells, unlike the expected 6-8% in control clones, but exhibit a similar number of cells as compared to controls.

(Yin and Xi, 2018)

The number of pale-type R8 cells is dramatically reduced in the eyes of sina²/sina³ animals.

(Birkholz et al., 2009)

A small percentage of sina²/sina³ mutant third instar larval eye discs show a reduction in the number of R1 and R6 photoreceptor cells. Very few R7 cells are recruited to the developing ommatidia in these mutants.

(Siddall et al., 2009)

sina²/sina³ lack R7 photoreceptors.

(Bai et al., 2001)

Mutants show a double- bristle phenotype.

(Okabe et al., 2001)

41% of the notal microchaetae and 62% of the microchaetae on abdominal segments 3 and 4 are missing in sina²/sina³ flies. 17.2% of bristles on the notum are duplicated, having 2 hairs emerging from 2 sockets or a fused socket. 44.5% of bristles on abdominal segments 3 and 4 are duplicated (2 hairs/2 sockets) and 20.9% show other defects (including 1 hair surrounded by 2-3 sockets, and 2 socket or 4 socket clusters without shafts). Embryonic development, including development of the es organs, is normal in sina²/sina³ animals.

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina²/sina³ mutants show missing R7 cells in 90% of the ommatidia. The external morphology of the eye shows a slight roughness.

(Hirota et al., 1999)

Proportion of ommatidia with an R7 cell is less than 5%.

(Thackeray et al., 1998)

Amorph based on the phenotypes of hemizygous <up>sina¹/Df(3L)st-g18</up> versus that of homozygous flies.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

This allele probably represents complete loss of function of the sina gene. In the ommatidia the R7 photoreceptor cell is always missing, the R7 precursor adopting a cone cell fate, and sometimes one or two cells of the R1-R6 class are missing as well. The normal trapezoidal arrangement of the R1-R6 cells is disorganised, and the R8 cell is often found in uncharacteristic positions. Other adult sensory organs are also affected: sensory bristles distributed over the body surface are frequently missing, with neither the cuticular bristle sheath nor the socket being present, affected sensory organs including the microchaetae and macrochaetae of the head, notum, abdomen and wing margin, and the stout and slender bristles of the anterior wing margin. The phenotype is most severe with bristles located on the abdomen, where often only a minor fraction of the normal number of bristles are present. Also, many of the remaining bristles have two or three sheaths emerging from a single socket. There is also a 10-fold reduction in adult lifespan, and adult behaviour is generally lethargic and uncoordinated. Neither males nor females are fertile, although they produce morphologically normal sperm and eggs, respectively.

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

sina³/sina² has visible phenotype, enhanceable by msi¹/msi¹

(Okabe et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has visible phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has visible phenotype, enhanceable by phyl[+]/phyl²²⁴⁵

(Pi et al., 2001)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sina² has decreased cell number | somatic clone | adult stage phenotype, suppressible by ttk^GD4414/Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

(Yin and Xi, 2018)

sina³/sina² has visible phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sina³/sina² is an enhancer of visible | recessive phenotype of msi¹

(Okabe et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² is an enhancer of visible phenotype of msi¹

(Hirota et al., 1999)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

sina³/sina² has photoreceptor cell R1 | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by msi¹/msi¹

(Siddall et al., 2009)

sina³/sina² has photoreceptor cell R6 | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by msi¹/msi¹

(Siddall et al., 2009)

sina³/sina² has photoreceptor cell R7 | third instar larval stage phenotype, enhanceable by msi¹/msi¹

(Siddall et al., 2009)

sina³/sina² has external sensory organ phenotype, enhanceable by msi¹/msi¹

(Okabe et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 3 & chaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 3 & microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl[+]/phyl²²⁴⁵

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 4 & microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl[+]/phyl²²⁴⁵

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & chaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl[+]/phyl²²⁴⁵

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl[+]/phyl²²⁴⁵

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & tormogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, enhanceable by phyl[+]/phyl²²⁴⁵

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & trichogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, enhanceable by phyl[+]/phyl²²⁴⁵

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 3 & microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 4 & chaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 4 & microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & chaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & tormogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & trichogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, enhanceable by phyl²/phyl[+]

(Pi et al., 2001)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sina² has enteroendocrine cell | somatic clone | adult stage phenotype, suppressible by ttk^GD4414/Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

(Yin and Xi, 2018)

sina² has adult midgut | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by ttk^GD4414/Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

(Yin and Xi, 2018)

msi¹, sina³/sina² has photoreceptor cell R1 | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by ttk^GD4414/Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4

(Siddall et al., 2009)

msi¹, sina³/sina² has photoreceptor cell R6 | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by ttk^GD4414/Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4

(Siddall et al., 2009)

msi¹, sina³/sina² has photoreceptor cell R7 | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by ttk^GD4414/Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4

(Siddall et al., 2009)

sina³/sina² has photoreceptor cell R7 phenotype, suppressible by ed^slH8/ed^1X5

(Bai et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible by ed^slH8/ed^1X5

(Bai et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 4 & trichogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & chaeta phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & tormogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has mesothoracic tergum & trichogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 3 & chaeta phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 3 & microchaeta phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 3 & tormogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 3 & trichogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 4 & chaeta phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 4 & microchaeta phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² has adult abdominal segment 4 & tormogen cell | supernumerary phenotype, suppressible by ttk[+]/ttk^osn

(Pi et al., 2001)

msi¹, sina³/sina² has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible by ttk^osn

(Hirota et al., 1999)

msi¹, sina³/sina² has rhabdomere phenotype, suppressible by ttk^osn

(Hirota et al., 1999)

msi¹, sina³/sina² has cone cell phenotype, suppressible by ttk^osn

(Hirota et al., 1999)

sina² has phenotype, suppressible by ttk^osn

(Hirota et al., 1999)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sina² has photoreceptor cell R7 phenotype, non-suppressible by sl¹

(Thackeray et al., 1998)

sina² has photoreceptor cell R7 phenotype, non-suppressible by sl²

(Thackeray et al., 1998)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sina³/sina² is an enhancer of external sensory organ phenotype of msi¹

(Okabe et al., 2001)

sina³/sina² is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of msi¹

(Hirota et al., 1999)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sina[+]/sina² is a suppressor of eye phenotype of CycE^JP

(Brumby et al., 2004)

sina² is a suppressor of photoreceptor cell R7 phenotype of sty²⁵⁴

(Kramer et al., 1999)

sina³/sina² is a suppressor of eye phenotype of phyl^GMR.PC

(Tang et al., 1997)

sina² is a suppressor of phenotype of phyl^hs.sev

(Tang et al., 1997)

Other

Statement

Reference

msi¹, sina³/sina², ttk^osn has ommatidium phenotype

(Hirota et al., 1999)

msi¹, sina³/sina², ttk^osn has cone cell phenotype

(Hirota et al., 1999)

msi¹, sina³/sina², ttk^osn has rhabdomere phenotype

(Hirota et al., 1999)

RasGAP1^B2, sina² has photoreceptor cell R7 phenotype

(Gaul et al., 1992)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The absence of enteroendocrine cells in adult midgut sina² clones is suppressed by the clonal expression of ttk^GD4414 under the control of Scer\GAL4^Act.PU, even leading to their severe increase in number as compared to control clones.

(Yin and Xi, 2018)

In sina²,msi¹/sina³,msi¹ mutant third instar larval eye discs significantly reduced numbers of R1 and R6 photoreceptor cells are observed. Very few R7 cells are recruited to the developing ommatidia in these mutants, decreased in number compared to sina²/sina³ mutant animals.

Expression of ttk^GD4414 under the control of Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4 in sina²,msi¹/sina³,msi¹ mutant third instar larval eye discs, significantly rescues the number of R1 and R6 cells, although recruitment of these cells appears delayed. Ectopic R7 cells are observed in most developing ommatidia.

(Siddall et al., 2009)

Double mutants of sina²/sina³ with msi¹ show a synergistic, not additive, eye phenotype. Ommatidial arrays are disturbed, eyes consequently roughened and ommatidia do not contain more than five rhabdomeres. Cone cell array is disturbed. 30% of the ommatidia of sina² msi¹ ttk^osn/sina³ msi¹ show the normal number and arrangement of photoreceptor cells. The cone cell defects of sina² msi¹/sina³ msi¹ are also suppressed by ttk^osn.

(Hirota et al., 1999)

No R7 cells form in sty²⁵⁴, sina² double mutant ommatidia.

(Kramer et al., 1999)

Double mutants of sl¹ or sl² with sina² show no increase in proportion of R7 cells over that seen for sina² alone.

(Thackeray et al., 1998)

The phyl^GMR.PC eye phenotype is completely suppressed in a sina²/sina³ background; the eyes are normal, except for the lack of R7 photoreceptor cells due to the absence of sina function. sina²/sina³ flies carrying both phyl^GMR.PC and ttk^{88.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC} have very disrupted eyes, similar to those of flies carrying ttk^{88.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC} alone.

(Tang et al., 1997)

Ommatidia of double mutants with Gap1^B2 do not have multiple R7 cells.

(Gaul et al., 1992)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

sina² is rescued by sina^+t11

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

30724

w^*; sina² P{FRT(w^hs)}2A/TM6B, Tb¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Ecol\CAT activity in sina² mutant flies transformed with either Ecol\CAT^Rh3.PF or Ecol\CAT^Rh4.PF is reduced by 90% or eliminated respectively, confirming that R7 was absent from each ommatidium in sina² mutants. Ecol\lacZ⁸² expression is abolished in the R7 precursor cell in sina² mutants.

(Carthew and Rubin, 1990)

No interaction with P{sev-svp1} or P{sev-svp2} exists.

(Begemann et al., 1995)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (2)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Sina²

(Cooper, 2007)

sina²

(Yin and Xi, 2018, Birkholz et al., 2009, Siddall et al., 2009)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (21)

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