FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\sax[4]

Less than 5% of sax⁴/Df(2R)H23 hemizygous mutant larvae exhibit developmental delay, lethargy, a reduction in the size of imaginal discs, brain | larval stage, and midgut structures, as well as trachea | larval stagel truncations.

(Twombly et al., 2009)

When the anterior border of a sax⁴ clone falls between L2 and L3 in the wing, an ectopic L2 may form at the anterior boundary of the clone. sax⁴ clones near but anterior to L2 result in the formation of an ectopic wing vein adjacent to their anterior border. These clones often exhibit non-autonomous effects such as ectopic veins forming in wild-type tissue outside the boundaries of the clone.

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

Heterozygotes show a direct effect on the shape of the wing.

(Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)

When neutral marked clones are induced in the ovary, the proportion of germaria carrying marked somatic stem cells 3 weeks after clone induction is around 70% of that seen one week after clone induction. For sax⁴ homozygous clones, the equivalent figure is around 60%.

(Kirilly et al., 2005)

Clones of male sax⁴ homozygous germline stem cells are still present in 32% of testes one week after clone induction and 6.3% two weeks after clone induction. This is in contrast to wild-type control clones, which are present in 82% of testes one week after clone induction and 64% two weeks after clone induction.

(Kawase et al., 2004)

sax⁴/Df(2R)sax-H9 larvae show a reduction in size of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) compared to wild type; the number of synaptic boutons/muscle surface area at muscle 6/7 is 44.1 +/- 1.0% of wild type. The evoked excitatory junctional potential (EJP) (measured at muscle 6 of segment A3) shows a decrease in amplitude in sax⁴/sax⁵ animals compared to wild type. Quantal content is reduced compared to wild type.

(McCabe et al., 2004)

Mutant stage 13-14 embryos contain the normal number of crystal cells per embryo.

(Milchanowski et al., 2004)

sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 larvae show a significant decrease in bouton number at the neuromuscular junction.

(Sweeney and Davis, 2002)

Mutant embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic sax function have a reduced number of amnioserosa cells.

(Dorfman and Shilo, 2001)

Homozygous clones that occupy the entire posterior compartment of the wing have no effect on venation. Homozygous clones that occupy the entire anterior compartment of the wing have no effect on venation, but the wing is reduced in size. Homozygous wing clones where the clone boundary subdivides a compartment result in an ectopic wing vein at the clone boundary.

(Ray and Wharton, 2001)

Clones induced in the developing eye that span the morphogenetic furrow have condensed chromosomes indicative of early stages in mitosis at the interface between the CycB-expressing and non-expressing cells. Clones at the anterior edge of the furrow show mislocalized nuclei, they fail to reach the apical surface where mitosis normally takes place. Nuclei are also misplaced when the clone is within the furrow and posterior to it. Cell fate specification is not, however, affected.

(Penton et al., 1997)

A large anterior clone in the wing (induced early in larval development) reduces the size of the wing, blunts the wing tip and causes ectopic venation. At the anterior clone boundary cells shift to a more anterior cell fate. At the anterior edge of clones that intersect the margin several margin cells posterior to wing vein L3 produce double row bristles (and not the posterior row of hairs), at other points of the wing margin double row cells fates are transformed to triple row. At the anterior edge of clones adjacent to the naked stretch of margin, ectopic distal costa are produced in the naked region. A large posterior clone in the wing (induced early in larval development) variably disrupts wing venation. Dorsal or ventral clones located anterior to wing vein L2 or dorsal clones posterior to wing vein L5 do not cause ectopic venation. Clones posterior to L2 or anterior of L5 do allow ectopic venation. Where the clone diverges from the line of the normal vein the ectopic vein is produced as a ridge on the dorsal surface.

(Singer et al., 1997)

In germline clones, only 10-25% of normal number of eggs is produced, over a much briefer time period than for wild type. Most are normal though 20% show aberrant dorsal appendages and short length.

(Twombly et al., 1996)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/Df(2R)BSC265 has lethal phenotype, suppressible by sax::Agam\sax^{AgamEX.DmelIN.sax}

(Fritsch et al., 2010)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/sax[+] is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, gbb^UAS.cKa

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/sax[+] is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of I-2^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}, Scer\GAL4^vg.PM, put^UAS.cMa

(Bennett et al., 2003)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of abnormal size | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, anchor^GD3613

(Wang et al., 2018)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of visible | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, anchor^GD3613

(Wang et al., 2018)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of decreased fecundity | female phenotype of mir-184^Δ

(Iovino et al., 2009)

sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of spict^mut

(Wang et al., 2007)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of spict^mut

(Wang et al., 2007)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, dpp^UAS.cUa

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

sax⁴ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of upd1^GMR.PB

(Bach et al., 2003)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of spin^k09905/spin¹⁰⁴⁰³

(Sweeney and Davis, 2002)

sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of spin^k09905/spin¹⁰⁴⁰³

(Sweeney and Davis, 2002)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/sax[+] is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of I-2^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}, Scer\GAL4^vg.PM, put^UAS.cMa

(Bennett et al., 2003)

Other

Statement

Reference

Cln7^84D, sax⁴/sax⁵ has lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage phenotype

(Connolly et al., 2019)

sax⁴, wit^HA3/wit[+] has abnormal neuroanatomy | dominant phenotype

(McCabe et al., 2004)

sax⁴/sax[+], wit^HA3 has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype

(McCabe et al., 2004)

gbb⁴, sax⁴ has partially lethal phenotype

(Khalsa et al., 1998)

gbb⁴/gbb¹, sax⁴ has partially lethal phenotype

(Khalsa et al., 1998)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sax⁴ has wing vein | ectopic | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by gbb⁴/gbb⁴

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/sax[+] is an enhancer of wing vein phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, gbb^UAS.cKa

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/sax[+] is a non-enhancer of wing phenotype of I-2^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}, Scer\GAL4^vg.PM, put^UAS.cMa

(Bennett et al., 2003)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of wing vein phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, anchor^GD3613

(Wang et al., 2018)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, anchor^GD3613

(Wang et al., 2018)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor of wing vein phenotype of Ctdnep1^G0269

(Liu et al., 2011)

sax⁴ is a suppressor | partially of wing phenotype of dpp^d5/dpp^hr56

(Twombly et al., 2009)

sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 is a suppressor of embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction phenotype of spict^mut

(Wang et al., 2007)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction phenotype of spict^mut

(Wang et al., 2007)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor | partially of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^A9, dpp^UAS.cUa

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

sax⁴ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of upd1^GMR.PB

(Bach et al., 2003)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor of bouton | increased number phenotype of spin^k09905/spin¹⁰⁴⁰³

(Sweeney and Davis, 2002)

sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 is a suppressor of bouton | increased number phenotype of spin^k09905/spin¹⁰⁴⁰³

(Sweeney and Davis, 2002)

sax⁴/sax[+] is a suppressor of neuromuscular junction phenotype of spin^k09905/spin¹⁰⁴⁰³

(Sweeney and Davis, 2002)

sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 is a suppressor of neuromuscular junction phenotype of spin^k09905/spin¹⁰⁴⁰³

(Sweeney and Davis, 2002)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sax⁴/sax[+] is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of I-2^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}, Scer\GAL4^vg.PM, put^UAS.cMa

(Bennett et al., 2003)

Other

Statement

Reference

sax⁴, wit^HA3/wit[+] has bouton phenotype

(McCabe et al., 2004)

sax⁴, wit^HA3/wit[+] has neuromuscular junction phenotype

(McCabe et al., 2004)

sax⁴, wit^HA3 has bouton phenotype

(McCabe et al., 2004)

sax⁴, wit^HA3 has neuromuscular junction phenotype

(McCabe et al., 2004)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Addition of sax⁴/+ to animals expressing anchor^GD3613 under the control of Scer\GAL4^A9 partially suppresses the thickened wing vein phenotype, but does not suppress the increased wing size phenotype.

(Wang et al., 2018)

The aberrant wing vein phenotype seen in Dd^G0269/Y animals is suppressed by sax⁴/+.

(Liu et al., 2011)

One copy of sax⁴ substantially rescues the infertility of mir-184^Δ females; they produce many more eggs and do not become sterile over time.

(Iovino et al., 2009)

When dpp[hr4]/+ males are crossed to sax⁴/+ females, the resulting dpp^hr4/+ progeny do not show any significant drop in viability compared to the dpp^hr4/+ progeny of wild-type mothers in control crosses.

sax⁴ slightly suppresses the dpp^d5/dpp^hr56 wing phenotype.

(Twombly et al., 2009)

spict^mut neuromuscular junction overgrowth phenotypes are fully suppressed in sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 mutants. The synaptic undergrowth phenotypes in larvae homozygous for spict^mut in a sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 background are indistinguishable from that of sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 mutants alone. In addition, a heterozygous sax⁴ background partially suppresses the neuromuscular junction expansion of spict^mut larvae.

(Wang et al., 2007)

Expression of gbb^Scer\UAS.cKa, under the control of Scer\GAL4^A9, in a sax⁴/+ background partially suppresses the extra wing vein phenotype; over 90% of flies expressing both UAS transgenes show the most severe form of the Scer\GAL4^A9>gbb^Scer\UAS.cKa phenotype, compared to about 20% of Scer\GAL4^A9>gbb^Scer\UAS.cKa flies.

A sax⁴/+ background causes a mild suppression of the Scer\GAL4^A9>dpp^Scer\UAS.cHa wing phenotype; with fewer wings showing the more severe forms of the phenotype.

sax⁴ clones induced in a gbb⁴ background that are posterior to L5 or anterior to L2 never lead to ectopic wing vein formation.

(Bangi and Wharton, 2006)

The number of synaptic boutons/muscle surface area at muscle 6/7 in sax⁴/wit^HA3 double heterozygotes is 85.2 +/- 3.6 % of wild type.

(McCabe et al., 2004)

One copy of sax⁴ suppresses the increased bouton number seen at the neuromuscular junction in spin¹⁰⁴⁰³/spin^k09905 animals. spin¹⁰⁴⁰³/spin^k09905 animals which are also mutant for sax⁴/Df(2R)cn7969 show a further decrease in bouton number.

(Sweeney and Davis, 2002)

Dominantly reduces the viability of gbb¹/gbb⁴ flies.

(Khalsa et al., 1998)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

sax::Agam\sax^{AgamEX.DmelIN.sax} completely rescues the lethality of sax⁴/Df(2R)BSC265 animals.

(Fritsch et al., 2010)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

sax^unspecified

(Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)

Rescued by

sax⁴/Df(2R)BSC265 is rescued by sax^+t8.7

(Fritsch et al., 2010)

sax⁴/Df(2R)sax-H9 is rescued by sax^hs.PB

(Twombly et al., 2009)

sax⁴/Df(2R)sax-H9 is rescued by sax^UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

(McCabe et al., 2004)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (2)

Bloomington

606379

y¹ w^*; tkv⁵ sax⁴/SM6a

5404

y¹ w^*; P{FRT(w^hs)}G13 sax⁴/SM6a

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Null allele.

(Horsfield et al., 1998)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (3)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Sax⁴

(Liu et al., 2011)

sax4

(Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)

sax⁴

(Connolly et al., 2019, Hoyer et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Sarov et al., 2016, Sulkowski et al., 2016, Ayyaz et al., 2015, Chauhan et al., 2013, Pilgram et al., 2011, Quijano et al., 2011, Ball et al., 2010, Ellis et al., 2010, Fritsch et al., 2010, Iovino et al., 2009, Twombly et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2007, Bangi and Wharton, 2006, Dworkin and Gibson., 2006, Kirilly et al., 2005)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (35)

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