FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\drl[2]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\drl²

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0061067

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\drl

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

lio²

Key Links

Allele class

Mutagen

Delta2-3 transposase

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

Delta2-3 transposase

(Dura et al., 1995)

Progenitor genotype

P{lacW}pigeon^P1

(Simon et al., 1998, Dura et al., 1995)

Caused by aberration

Df(2R)lio²

Cytology

Description

4kb deletion generated by excision of the P{lacW} element.

(Simon et al., 1998)

Imprecise excision of the P{lacW}pigeon^P1 element, removing 5' regulatory sequences and the first exon of the drl gene and extending at least into P{lacW}pigeon^P1.

(Dura et al., 1995)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal memory

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 2002)

abnormal memory (with drl^exc21)

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 2002)

abnormal memory | recessive

(Dura et al., 1995)

abnormal neuroanatomy (with drl^R343)

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage

(Yao et al., 2007)

viable

(Dura et al., 1995)

Phenotype Manifest In

adult antennal lobe

(Yao et al., 2007)

adult antennal lobe projection neuron

(Yao et al., 2007)

adult antennal olfactory receptor neuron

(Yao et al., 2007)

adult central complex

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998, Simon et al., 1998)

adult ellipsoid body ring neuron

(Simon et al., 1998)

adult mushroom body

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998, Simon et al., 1998)

adult mushroom body (with drl^exc21)

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 2002)

adult mushroom body alpha-lobe

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998, Simon et al., 1998)

adult mushroom body alpha-lobe (with drl^R343)

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

adult mushroom body beta-lobe

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998, Simon et al., 1998)

adult mushroom body gamma-lobe

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998, Simon et al., 1998)

adult optic lobe

(Simon et al., 1998)

alpha/beta Kenyon cell (with drl^R343)

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

dendrite

(Yao et al., 2007)

ellipsoid body

(Simon et al., 1998)

fan-shaped body

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998, Simon et al., 1998)

larval brain

(Hitier et al., 2000)

lobe system of adult mushroom body (with drl^R343)

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

mushroom body pedunculus

(Simon et al., 1998)

perikaryon

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

protocerebral bridge

(Simon et al., 1998)

protocerebrum | dorsal

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Branching of the α and β axons of the mushroom body occurs normally in the brains of drl²/drl^R343 animals, but the α axons extend inappropriately along the medial trajectory, resulting in the loss of the mushroom body α lobe in more than 80% of flies. Both the α and β axons show aberrant midline crossing.

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

Ectopic glomeruli develop at the midline of the antennal lobe in 39% of mutant brains, while in the remaining antennal lobes, abnormal protrusions extend from the dorsal-medial corner of the lobe. In addition, olfactory receptor neurons often take circuitous routes to their targets and some of the axons terminate unilaterally. The dendritic arbors of the projection neurons appear chaotic, and a subset of arbors invade the midline of the antennal lobe.

(Yao et al., 2007)

drl²/drl^R343 mutants display a complete loss of the dorsal lobes and a fusion of the median lobes over the midline. A few drl²/drl^R343 mutants display a milder phenotype with dorsal lobes shorter or thinner than normal and a partial fusion of the median lobes. All drl²/drl^R343 mutants have abnormal mushroom bodies.

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

Mushroom bodies of drl^exc21/drl² adults show similar defects to those of drl². drl^exc21 and drl² homozygotes and drl^exc21/drl² transheterozygotes show comparable mean memory retention scores (16+-4, 17+-3 and 18+-4 respectively, Canton S being 66+-2) after classical conditioning of an olfactory avoidance response.

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 2002)

The transient interhemispheric fibrous ring (TIFR) is present but disorganised in drl² mutant larval brains.

(Hitier et al., 2000)

In Df(2R)lio² mutants the fan-shaped body is distorted on its dorsal side in homozygous adults; it is flattened at the top. At the junction between the two hemispheres, the perikarya do not reach the top of the fan-shaped body and fibres of the dorsal protocerebrum of each hemisphere abnormally cross the midline at this level. Fibres of the β lobes of each hemisphere abnormally cross the midline and the β lobes appear completely fused across the midline. The β lobes also appear deformed and thickened. The γ lobes also show fusion defects, although the phenotype is more variable. A partial fusion of the lobes is often seen, with the most posterior fibres that are dorsal and parallel to the fibres of the β lobes usually being fused across the midline. The anterior fibres of the γ lobe are not usually fused. The α and α' lobes also show variable defects; in the strongest cases a complete loss of the α and α' lobe fibres is seen. drl²/drl^PGAL8 flies have defects in the mushroom bodies and central complex.

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

Df(2R)lio² adults have brain defects. Typically, the mushroom bodies peduncles look thinner than normal, the left and right β/γ lobes are fused and the α lobes are either missing or reduced. The β lobes appear thicker than normal. The mushroom body calyces are normal in size. The fan-shaped body of the central complex is flattened, with abnormal fibres covering its dorsal part. Some of the upper fibres escape the fan-shaped body to reach the ellipsoid body. The ellipsoid body appears enlarged, and the cell bodies of the ring neurons appear closer to the brain centre than normal. The protocerebral bridge is split in two or more pieces. The optic lobes appear abnormal.

(Simon et al., 1998)

Homozygous flies carrying the pigeon², drl² chromosome (Df(2R)lio²) show a 60% decrease in 0.5 hour memory in a odour avoidance conditioning test.

(Dura et al., 1995)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

drl² has abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^SG18.1/Wnt5^UAS.cFa

(Yao et al., 2007)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

drl²/drl^R343 has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/Drl-2^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

drl[+]/drl² is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of Scer\GAL4^c739, Wnt5^UAS.cFa

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl[+], drl², Drl-2^E124, Drl-2[+] is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of Scer\GAL4^c739, Wnt5^UAS.cFa

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

drl² is a suppressor of homeotic | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^ey.PH, wge^UAS.Tag:HA

(Nemoto et al., 2023)

drl² is a suppressor of visible | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^ey.PH, wge^UAS.Tag:HA

(Nemoto et al., 2023)

Other

Statement

Reference

cas³⁹²¹, drl² has lethal phenotype

(Hitier et al., 2001)

cas³⁹²¹, drl² has partially lethal phenotype

(Hitier et al., 2001)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

drl² has adult antennal lobe phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^SG18.1/Wnt5^UAS.cFa

(Yao et al., 2007)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

drl²/drl^R343 has adult mushroom body alpha-lobe phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/Drl-2^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl² has adult antennal lobe phenotype, suppressible by Wnt5⁴⁰⁰/Wnt5[+]

(Yao et al., 2007)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

drl[+]/drl² is an enhancer of adult mushroom body alpha-lobe phenotype of Scer\GAL4^c739, Wnt5^UAS.cFa

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl[+], drl², Drl-2^E124, Drl-2[+] is an enhancer of adult mushroom body alpha-lobe phenotype of Scer\GAL4^c739, Wnt5^UAS.cFa

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

drl² is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^ey.PH, wge^UAS.Tag:HA

(Nemoto et al., 2023)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

drl[+]/drl² is a non-suppressor of adult antennal lobe phenotype of Wnt5⁴⁰⁰

(Yao et al., 2007)

drl²/drl² is a non-suppressor of adult antennal lobe phenotype of Wnt5⁴⁰⁰

(Yao et al., 2007)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The severity of the mushroom body α axon misguidance phenotype seen in flies expressing two copies of Wnt5^Scer\UAS.cFa under the control of Scer\GAL4^c739 is significantly enhanced (to over 10%) if they are also carrying either drl²/+ or Drl-2^E124/+. Flies simultaneously carrying both drl²/+ and Drl-2^E124/+ and expressing two copies of Wnt5^Scer\UAS.cFa under the control of Scer\GAL4^c739 show misguidance of α axons in over 40% of cases.

Expression of Drl-2^{Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 partially rescues the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in drl²/drl^R343 flies.

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

Expression of Wnt5^Scer\UAS.cFa under the control of Scer\GAL4^SG18.1 in a drl² background results in large glomeruli at the midline of the antennal lobe in 83% of mutant animals.

drl²/+ has no effect on the antennal lobe phenotype of Wnt5⁴⁰⁰ homozygotes.

Wnt5⁴⁰⁰/Y drl²/drl² double mutants have antennal lobes with the characteristic shape seen in Wnt5⁴⁰⁰/Y single mutants.

Wnt5⁴⁰⁰/+ suppresses the antennal lobe phenotypes of drl² mutants (both the dorsomedial antennal lobe protrusions and the glomerular defects are suppressed).

(Yao et al., 2007)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

drl^R343

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

drl^P3.765

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

Rescued by

drl² is rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

Partially rescued by

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/drl^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^Dll.PU/drl^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/drl^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/drl^{Δcyto.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl² is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^GH146/drl^UAS.cYa

(Yao et al., 2007)

drl² is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^repo.PU/drl^UAS.cYa

(Yao et al., 2007)

drl² is partially rescued by drl^{K371A.UAS.cWa}/Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

(Yao et al., 2007)

drl² is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^repo.PU/drl^{Δintra.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Yao et al., 2007)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/drl^K371A.UAS

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/drl^{Δintra.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

drl² is partially rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^7B

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 2002)

drl² is partially rescued by drl^tMa

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 2002)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^7B

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^c739

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

Not rescued by

drl²/drl^R343 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/drl^{ΔWIF.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/drl^{ΔTBC.UAS.Tag:MYC}/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl² is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav.PU/drl^UAS.cYa

(Yao et al., 2007)

drl² is not rescued by drl^ΔWIF.UAS/Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

(Yao et al., 2007)

Comments

Expression of drl^{Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 rescues the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in more than 80% of drl²/drl^R343 flies, and the level of rescue is not affected if Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 is also present.

Expression of drl^{Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^Dll.PU significantly rescues the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in drl²/drl^R343 flies.

Expression of drl^{Δcyto.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 rescues the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in more than 80% of drl²/drl^R343 flies.

Expression of drl^{ΔWIF.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 does not rescue the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in drl²/drl^R343 flies.

Expression of drl^{ΔTBC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 does not rescue the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in drl²/drl^R343 flies.

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

Expression of drl^Scer\UAS.cYa under the control of Scer\GAL4^GH146 partially rescues the antennal lobe defects of drl² adults: glomerular defects remain but protrusions from the antennal lobe are absent.

Expression of drl^Scer\UAS.cYa under the control of Scer\GAL4^repo.PU strongly rescues the antennal lobe defects of drl² adults: the midline defects are completely rescued and the occurrence of targeting defects is strongly reduced.

Expression of drl^Scer\UAS.cYa under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav.PU does not rescue the antennal lobe defects of drl² adults.

Expression of either drl^{Δintra.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} or drl^{K371A.Scer\UAS.cWa} under the control of Scer\GAL4^repo.PU partially rescues the antennal lobe defects of drl² adults: both midline defects and targeting defects are partially rescued.

Expression of drl^{ΔWIF.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^repo.PU does not rescue the antennal lobe defects of drl² adults.

(Yao et al., 2007)

Pan-neural expression of two copies of drl^Scer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 rescues the phenotype of drl²/drl^R343, with 68% of the mushroom bodies reverting to a wild-type phenotype. Expression of drl^{K371A.Scer\UAS} or drl^{Δintra.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC}, under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 can completely rescue the mushroom body phenotype of drl²/drl^R343 in 30% and 19% of the cases respectively.

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (3)

Bloomington

4762

w¹¹¹⁸; Df(2R)lio², pigeon² drl²

99001

w^*; Df(2R)lio², pigeon² drl²/CyO, P{3xP3-EGFP}2; fz2^C1/TM6B, P{Ubi-GFP.S65T}PAD2, Tb⁺

Kyoto

107862

w¹¹¹⁸; Df(2R)lio², pigeon² drl² / CyO

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Induced with: pigeon².

(Dura et al., 1995)

Comments

Flies mutant for the pigeon²,drl² (Df(2R)lio²) chromosome show a learning defect that may be more severe than that of flies mutant for pigeon^P1,drl^P1 mutants. Since the anatomical defect of the pigeon²,drl² flies is more severe than for pigeon^P1,drl^P1 mutants, any lower learning score may be caused not by a mechanistic effect on learning but rather by an additional effect on the anatomy of mushroom bodies.

(Tully, 1999.7.2)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (2)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

drl²

(Nemoto et al., 2023, Hing et al., 2020, Zhu et al., 2019, Yao et al., 2007, Jordan et al., 2006)

lio²

(Reynaud et al., 2015, Taillebourg et al., 2005, Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 2002, Hitier et al., 2001, Hitier et al., 2000)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (16)

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