FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\nAChRβ1

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\nAChRβ1

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor β1

Annotation Symbol

CG11348

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000038

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

25 publicly available

Gene Summary

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor β1 (nAChRβ1) encodes a subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a pentameric neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-06] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

ARD, Dβ1, nAcRβ-64B, nAChR, nAcRbeta-64B

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

64B6-64B6

Sequence location

3L:4,429,349..4,435,993 [+]

Recombination map

3-12

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:4429349..4435993

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

contributes_to acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054960

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables neurotransmitter receptor activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in synaptic transmission, cholinergic

inferred from expression pattern

(Takemura et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in calcium ion transport

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in monoatomic ion transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006029, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036719, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in regulation of membrane potential

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in synaptic transmission, cholinergic

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054960

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in postsynaptic membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Ashraf et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of acetylcholine-gated channel complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000435923

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in membrane

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006029, InterPro:IPR006201, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036719, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in neuron projection

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in plasma membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054635

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in postsynaptic membrane

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in synapse

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (P04755)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor β1 (nAChRβ1) encodes a subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a pentameric neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-06]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS -: Nicotinic ligand-gated ion channels (nAChR) mediate the fast actions of the acetylcholine (ACh). The non-selective ion channel is formed from five subunits arranged around a central pore. The ACh binding site is formed by two adjacent α subunits. Other regulatory subunits may modulate channel pharmacology and expression. (Adapted from FBrf0183743).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.

(UniProt, P04755)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Acr64B

Structural gene encoding a Drosophila homologue of a subunit of vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Antibody raised against Acr64B fusion proteins immunoprecipitate one of two high-affinity α-bungarotoxin-binding sites from detergent extracts of Drosophila head membranes (Schloss, Hermans-Borgmeyer, Betz, and Gundelfinger, 1988, EMBO J. 7: 2889-94). In situ hybridization localizes Acr64B expression to nervous tissue, especially in late embryos, pupae, and newly eclosed adults (Hermans-Borgmeyer, Hoffmeister, Sawruk, Betz, Schmitt, and Gundelfinger, 1989, Neuron. 2: 1147-56).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\nAChRβ1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P04755)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

nAChRβ1-RA

FBtr0073299

NM_079203

2460

521

nAChRβ1-RB

FBtr0073300

NM_168086

818

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

7.5, 4.2, 3.2 (northern blot)

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

2.418 (longest cDNA)

(Sawruk et al., 1988)

3.0 (northern blot)

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

nAChRβ1-PA

FBpp0073155

59.9

521

7.04

FBpp0073156

7.2

11.19

Q9VZC4

NP_728994

AAF47901

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

521 (aa)

(Sawruk et al., 1988, Wadsworth et al., 1988)

Comments

nAcRα-96Aa protein appears to be the

ligand-binding subunit of the class I α-Btx binding complex.

(Schloss et al., 1991)

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\nAChRβ1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

nAChRbeta1_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.67

Transcript Expression

No Assay Recorded

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

cell

• perikaryon

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

central nervous system

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

gnathal ganglion

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

second instar larval stage

larval brain

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

pupal stage & adult stage

medulla

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

lamina

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

adult stage

cell body rind of adult lamina

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

cell body rind of adult medulla

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

central nervous system

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

embryonic stage 11 -- 15

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

supraesophageal ganglion

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

second instar larval stage

larval ventral nerve cord

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

pupal stage & adult stage

lamina

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

medulla

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

adult stage

cell body rind of adult lobula plate

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

central nervous system

(Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

lamina monopolar neuron L2

(Takemura et al., 2011)

lamina monopolar neuron L4

(Takemura et al., 2011)

transmedullary neuron Tm2

(Takemura et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in postsynaptic membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Ashraf et al., 2006)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\nAChRβ1 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\nAChRβ1

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\nAChRβ1

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000038

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38545/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000038

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000038

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000038

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG11348

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000038

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 24 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of nAChRβ1

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of nAChRβ1

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 12 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 12 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3L)10

(Thomas et al., 1995)

Df(3L)64B2

(Thomas et al., 1995)

Df(3L)ems13

(Feng et al., 1995)

Df(3L)Exel6101

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3L)HR277

(Feng et al., 1995)

Df(3L)TE1

(Feng et al., 1995)

Df(3L)TE3

(Feng et al., 1995)

Df(3L)X37

(Feng et al., 1995)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3L)GN19

(Feng et al., 1995)

Df(3L)GN34

(Feng et al., 1995)

Df(3L)HR298

(Feng et al., 1995)

T(2;3)TE2

(Feng et al., 1995)

Inferred from location ( 6 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

nAChRβ1^TG4

partially lethal

nAChRβ1^Δex5

partially lethal | semidominant

nAChRβ1^R81T

partially lethal - majority die

nAChRβ1^Δex3

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

nAChRβ1^GD4558

partially lethal - majority live

nAChRβ1^Δex5

partially lethal - majority live, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Unk)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^e22c, Scer\GAL4^sqh.PW

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

nAChRβ1^GD15409

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Sterility

Allele

female fertile

nAChRβ1^Δex5

male sterile

nAChRβ1^Δex5

semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Unk)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

semi-sterile | recessive

nAChRβ1^R81T

sterile

nAChRβ1^Δex3

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal copulation | male

nAChRβ1^Δex5

abnormal courtship behavior | male

nAChRβ1^Δex5

abnormal eclosion

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Ude)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Unk)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | female | recessive

nAChRβ1^R81T

abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage

nAChRβ1^Δex5

abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | recessive

nAChRβ1^R81T

abnormal sleep | adult stage

nAChRβ1^attP

chemical resistant | adult stage | semidominant

nAChRβ1^R81T

chemical sensitive | adult stage | semidominant

nAChRβ1^R81T

decreased fecundity | recessive

nAChRβ1^R81T

long lived | female

nAChRβ1^R81T

short lived

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Unk)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

nAChRβ1^GD15698

short lived | male | semidominant

nAChRβ1^R81T

some die during embryonic stage | semidominant

nAChRβ1^R81T

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

nAChRβ1^GD4558

visible | adult stage

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^CCAP.PP, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Unk)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Unk)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

wing

wing, with Scer\GAL4^CCAP.PP, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Unk)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

wing, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, Spyo\Cas9^{UAS.Tag:NLS(Unk)}

nAChRβ1^U6.pCFD4

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (27)

Hsap\CHRNA1

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA3

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA4

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA6

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRND

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3A

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3B

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3C

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3E

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRFAM7A

1 of 14

Hsap\CHRNA7

1 of 14

Hsap\CHRNE

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNG

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (18)

Rnor\Chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna3

4 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna6

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrnb4

2 of 14

Rnor\Chrnd

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Htr3b

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna7

1 of 14

Rnor\Chrng

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Htr3a

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)

Mmus\Chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna3

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna6

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrnd

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrng

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Htr3a

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Htr3b

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna7

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (24)

Xtro\chrna1.2

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna1

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna2

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna4

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna6

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\gjb7

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (31)

Drer\chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrna4b

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrna6

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrng

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\htr3a

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC798522

1 of 14

Drer\LOC100334841

1 of 14

Drer\LOC100537401

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC101882451

1 of 14

Drer\LOC101882637

1 of 14

Drer\LOC110439304

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (64)

Cele\acr-3

13 of 14

Yes

Cele\unc-29

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\lev-1

11 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-2

10 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-5

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-6

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-21

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-23

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-29

2 of 14

Cele\lgc-30

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\pbo-6

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-27

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-31

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-41

1 of 14

Cele\lgc-48

1 of 14

Cele\pbo-5

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (18)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000966

12 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010580

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:nAChRβ1. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (22)

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

NtR

3 of 13

CG6927

2 of 13

GluClα

2 of 13

Grd

2 of 13

Lcch3

2 of 13

pHCl-2

2 of 13

Rdl

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

ort

1 of 13

pHCl-1

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 5 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

CHRNA1; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit

model of contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of congenital myasthenic syndrome 1A

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of congenital myasthenic syndrome 1B

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

CHRNA4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit

model of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 1

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

CHRND; cholinergic receptor nicotinic delta subunit

model of contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CHRNA1; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit

4 of 14

100690

CHRNA3; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit

4 of 14

118503

CHRNA4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit

4 of 14

118504

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 1

CHRNA6; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit

4 of 14

606888

CHRNA2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit

3 of 14

118502

EPILEPSY, NOCTURNAL FRONTAL LOBE, 4; ENFL4

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 4

CHRNA5; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit

3 of 14

118505

SMOKING AS A QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS 3; SQTL3

CHRNB2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit

3 of 14

118507

EPILEPSY, NOCTURNAL FRONTAL LOBE, 3; ENFL3

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 3

CHRNB3; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit

3 of 14

118508

CHRNB4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit

3 of 14

118509

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

nAChRβ1 - nAChRα1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, tag visualisation

(Schloss et al., 1991)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000038

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38545

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

gene_with_edited_transcript

(Rodriguez et al., 2012, Graveley et al., 2011)

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-12

Cytogenetic map

64B6-64B6

Sequence location

3L:4,429,349..4,435,993 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

64B6-64B6

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rG166^rG166 and P{PZ}sinu⁰⁶⁵²⁴

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

64B-64B

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Gundelfinger, 1992, Hermans-Borgmeyer et al., 1989, Sawruk et al., 1988, Wadsworth et al., 1988)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-12

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-9.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (25)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

48813

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR18D07-GAL4}attP2

54746

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR17F10-lexA}attP40

71167

w¹¹¹⁸; P{R17F10-GAL4.DBD}attP2

72190

w¹¹¹⁸; P{VT025526-GAL4.DBD}attP2

Korea

13731

P{VT025526-GAL4}attP2

15513

P{GMR17F10-GAL4}attP2

14605

P{VT025526-lexA}attP40

16299

P{GMR18D07-lexA}attP40

VDRC

v106570

P{KK113023}VIE-260B

v48268

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD15698}v48268

v33824

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD15409}v33824

v318085

PBac{fTRG00292.sfGFP-TVPTBF}VK00033

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (21)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (51)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0000038

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000038

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs demonstrate a 900bp genomic promoter fragment contains the essential information for correct temporal and spatial expression.

(Gundelfinger et al., 1995)

A potential non-alpha subunit.

(Baumann et al., 1990)

Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs have been used to identify one region necessary for transcriptional regulation of this subunit. nAcRβ-64B encodes a structural homologue of vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Fusion constructs containing regions of the nAcRβ-64B were used to investigate the relationship between the nAcRβ-64B gene product and α-bungarotoxin binding sites. Equilibrium binding and kinetic studies reveal two different high affinity binding sites for α-bungarotoxin in fly head membranes.

(Schloss et al., 1989)

Excitatory nAcRβ-64B gene product is encoded by a superfamily of related genes.

(Schmitt et al., 1989)

RNA blot hybridizations found a 3kb poly A transcript complementary to nAcRβ-64B during midembryogenesis, metamorphosis and in newly enclosed adults.

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG12606 CG11348

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

nAcRα-96Ab appears to be a chimeric gene, with the 5' part of the gene derived from nAcRα-96Aa and the 3' part of the gene derived from nAcRβ-64B.

(Rogers and Hartl, 2012)

"nAcRα-96Ab" is a putative chimeric gene derived from the "nAcRα-96Aa" and "nAcRβ-64B" genes (where coding sequences of the two parental genes contribute to the coding sequence of the chimeric gene).

(Rogers et al., 2009)

Source for merge of CG12606 CG11348 was a shared cDNA.

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: nAChRβ1 nAcRβ-64B

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Nomenclature comments

Renamed genes encoding nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors to give systematic nomenclature that better reflects usage in literature (e.g. FBrf0218556, FBrf0183743).

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (29)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

AChR

(Gundelfinger, 1986.11.5)

AChR64B

(Wadsworth et al., 1988)

AchR64B

Acr64B

(Feng et al., 1995)

AcrD

Ard

(Jonas et al., 1993, Schloss et al., 1989)

CG11348

(Mao et al., 2024, Kondo et al., 2020, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Rogers and Hartl, 2012, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009)

CG11348-PA

(Rogers et al., 2009)

CG12606

(Labourier et al., 2002)

Dmβ1

(Zhang et al., 2025)

Dβ1

(Ito et al., 2025, Yan et al., 2025, Komori et al., 2023, Nakayama et al., 2023, Christesen et al., 2021, Perry et al., 2021, Ihara et al., 2020, Perry and Batterham, 2018, Wu et al., 2014, Dupuis et al., 2012, Takemura et al., 2011, Jepson and Reenan, 2009, Sattelle et al., 2005)

ard

(Savva et al., 2012, Jepson et al., 2011, Gundelfinger, 1994.4.5, Hess et al., 1994, Buchner, 1991, Schloss et al., 1991, Schmitt et al., 1989, Gundelfinger, 1988.6.23)

nAChR

(Barber et al., 2021, Rodrigues et al., 2021, Tomizawa et al., 2003, Wolf and Heberlein, 2003, Schafer, 2002)

nAChR-β64B

(Ren et al., 2012)

nAChRDβ1

(Takayama et al., 2022)

nAChR_β1

(Homem et al., 2020)

nAChRbeta1

(Deshpande et al., 2022, Zarubin et al., 2021, Hope et al., 2020, Kondo et al., 2020, Rao and Deng, 2019.10.23, Duan et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-)

nAChRβ1

(Crane et al., 2025, Zheng et al., 2025, Sanfilippo et al., 2024, Korona et al., 2022, Lu et al., 2022, Jin et al., 2021, Rosenthal and Yuan, 2021, Tasman et al., 2021, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020, Mazzotta et al., 2020, Meltzer et al., 2019, Shih et al., 2019, Croset et al., 2018)

nAcR64B

(Wang et al., 2013)

nAcRbeta-64B

(Crocker et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Aradska et al., 2015, Rodriguez et al., 2012)

nAcRβ-64B

(Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Takemura et al., 2011, Jumbo-Lucioni et al., 2010, Rogers et al., 2009, Hoopfer et al., 2008, Reiter et al., 2007, Tsuda et al., 2006)

β 64B

(Tsunoyama and Gojobori, 1998)

β1 nAChR

(Zhang et al., 2016)

Name Synonyms

AChR protein of Drosophila

(Gundelfinger, 1992)

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor β1

(Duan et al., 2018)

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor beta 64B

(Tsubouchi et al., 2012)

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor β1

(Shafer, 2025)

nicotinic acetylcholine receptorb—64B

(Nair et al., 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 56 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

38545

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P04755

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P04755

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VZC4

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P04755

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000038

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38545/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000038

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000038

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0000038

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG11348

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

38545

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0000038

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000038

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000038

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

nAChRbeta1_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000038

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0000038

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG11348

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000038

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0000038

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC001432

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38545

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (159)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.67

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