FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\pHCl-2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\pHCl-2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
pH-sensitive chloride channel 2
Annotation Symbol
CG11340
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0039840
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
21 publicly available
Gene Summary
pH-sensitive chloride channel 2 (pHCl-2) encodes a channel involved in chloride transmembrane transport and renal water transport regulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-08-01] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

lincRNA.914

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
100C1-100C1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-102
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:31300918..31305384
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (21 terms)
Molecular Function (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables chloride channel activity
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
enables excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
enables pH-gated chloride channel activity
inferred from direct assay
(Feingold et al., 2016)
enables zinc ion sensor activity
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001055382
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036734
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables monoatomic ion channel activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006028, InterPro:IPR006201
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006028, InterPro:IPR006201
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to zinc ion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Redhai et al., 2020)
involved_in chloride transmembrane transport
inferred from direct assay
(Feingold et al., 2016)
involved_in positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Redhai et al., 2020)
involved_in positive regulation of TORC1 signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Redhai et al., 2020)
involved_in regulation of renal water transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Feingold et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chloride transmembrane transport
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001055382
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006028, InterPro:IPR006201
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in monoatomic ion transport
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
inferred from direct assay
(Feingold et al., 2016)
located_in brush border membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
located_in late endosome membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
located_in lysosomal membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
part_of transmembrane transporter complex
inferred from direct assay
(Feingold et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054635
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. (Q9V9Y4)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
pH-sensitive chloride channel 2 (pHCl-2) encodes a channel involved in chloride transmembrane transport and renal water transport regulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-08-01]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
PH-SENSITIVE CHLORIDE CHANNEL SUBUNITS -
The chloride pH-sensitive channels are sensitive to pH and permeable for chloride ions. (Adapted from FBrf0187801 and FBrf0233346).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Ligand and pH-gated channel that mediates chloride transport primarily in the mid-gut and thereby functions in larval metabolism and fluid homeostasis (PubMed:27172217, PubMed:27358471, PubMed:32269334). Channel opening is triggered by zinc binding or, to a lesser extent, an increase in extracellular pH (PubMed:27358471, PubMed:32269334). Zinc-dependent activity in the mid-gut is required for modulating Tor-dependent metabolic programs that promote larval feeding and systematic growth (PubMed:32269334). It may therefore act as an intestinal zinc sensor that mediates larval growth and metabolism in response to micronutrient availability (PubMed:32269334). Activates Tor signaling via its activity in maintaining lysosome homeostasis in interstitial cells and/or by its role in activating the release of insulin-like peptides in the brain after feeding, via an unknown mechanism (PubMed:32269334). Functions in lysosome homeostasis by regulating chloride transport into enterocyte lysosomes to sustain V-ATPase function which maintains lysosomal acidification and consequently promotes Tor activation at the lysosome membrane (PubMed:32269334). Also appears to play a role in regulating fluid secretion and osmotic homeostasis in Malpighian tubules in response to the pH of extracellular urine (PubMed:27358471). This function is important for proper urine production during diuresis (PubMed:27358471).
(UniProt, Q9V9Y4)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

a pH-modulated, zinc-gated chloride channel - regulates fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules - controls growth from a subset of enterocytes (interstitial cells) by promoting food intake and insulin/IGF signalling - reduced food intake of hodor mutants is rescued by activation of Tor signalling in hodor-expressing cells - transport chloride out of interstitial cells-thus maintaining osmolarity and water balance - lysosomal Hodor may transport chloride into the lysosome to sustain V-ATPase function, lysosomal acidification and TOR signalling

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\pHCl-2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V9Y4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 6.03

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
pHCl-2-RA
FBtr0085766
NM_143604
2244
526
pHCl-2-RB
FBtr0347502
NM_001316541
3815
526
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
pHCl-2-PA
FBpp0085128
59.8
526
6.32
Q9V9Y4
NP_651861
AAF57144
pHCl-2-PB
FBpp0312576
59.8
526
6.32
Q9V9Y4
NP_001303470
ALI30655
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

526 aa isoforms: pHCl-2-PA, pHCl-2-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\pHCl-2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.38

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain
(Witte et al., 2002)
microinjection
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
embryonic/larval midgut

Comment: enriched in acidic region

(Overend et al., 2016)
gastric caecum
(Overend et al., 2016)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult optic lobe
(Witte et al., 2002)
adult central brain
(Witte et al., 2002)
adult ventral nerve cord
(Witte et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data

RNA-seq data show that pHCl-2 is enriched in the acidic region of the larval midgut.

(Overend et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule Type I cell
(Redhai et al., 2020)
embryonic/larval midgut interstitial cell
(Redhai et al., 2020)
larval iron accumulating cell
(Redhai et al., 2020)
adult stage
Malpighian tubule
(Feingold et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

pHCl-2 protein is localized to the copper cell region and iron cell region of the larval midgut; as well as to Malpighian tubule principle cells.

(Redhai et al., 2020)

pHCl-2 localizes to the apical membrane of principal cells in the Malpighian tubules.

(Feingold et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
inferred from direct assay
(Feingold et al., 2016)
located_in brush border membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
located_in late endosome membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
located_in lysosomal membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Redhai et al., 2020)
part_of transmembrane transporter complex
inferred from direct assay
(Feingold et al., 2016)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\pHCl-2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of pHCl-2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of pHCl-2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Exel6218
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (26)
Hsap\GLRA1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\GLRA2
3 of 14
Yes
No
5  
Hsap\GLRA3
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\GLRB
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\GABRA1
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GABRA3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRA4
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRA5
2 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\GABRA6
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRB1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRB3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRD
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRE
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRG1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRG2
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GABRG3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRQ
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRR1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRR2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRR3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CHRNA6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CHRNG
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GABRA2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GABRB2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GABRP
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GLRA4
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (23)
Rnor\Glra1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Glra3
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Glra4
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Glrb
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Gabra1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabra5
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrb1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrb2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrg1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrr1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrr2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrr3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Glra2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabra2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabra3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabra4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabra6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrb3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrd
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrg2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrp
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gabrq
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Htr3a
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (24)
Mmus\Glra1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Glra2
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Glra3
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Glra4
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Glrb
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Gabra1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabra5
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrb1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrb2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrb3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrg1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrq
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrr1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrr2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrr3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabra3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabra4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabra6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrd
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabre
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrg2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrg3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gabrp
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Htr3a
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (16)
Xtro\glra1
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\glrb
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\f9
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gabra1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gabra5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gabra6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gabrb1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gabrb3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gabrd
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gabrg2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gabrg3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gabrr1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gabrr3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\glra2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hs6st1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5799637
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (26)
Drer\glra3
3 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\glra4a
3 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\glra4b
3 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\glrba
3 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\glrbb
3 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\gabrb1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrb2a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrb3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrd
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrp
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrr1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrr2a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrr2b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrr3a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrz
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\glra1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\glra2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabra1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabra2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabra4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabra5
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabra6a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabra6b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gabrb4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC561083
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100330554
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (44)
Cele\glc-1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\glc-2
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\glc-3
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\glc-4
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-34
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-37
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-39
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-40
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-42
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-43
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-44
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-45
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lgc-52
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\lgc-54
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\lgc-57
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\acc-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\acc-2
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\acc-3
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\acc-4
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\avr-14
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\avr-15
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\exp-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\gab-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\ggr-3
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-32
2 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\lgc-36
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-38
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-41
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-46
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-48
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-49
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-50
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-51
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-55
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-58
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\acr-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\deg-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-11
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-35
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-47
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lgc-53
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mod-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\srsx-31
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\unc-49
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (13)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009616
5 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000038
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000039
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001913
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007707
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010694
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011349
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001434
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001990
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002972
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005599
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006028
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012975
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:pHCl-2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (22)
CG6927
6 of 13
SecCl
6 of 13
Grd
4 of 13
Lcch3
4 of 13
Rdl
4 of 13
alka
3 of 13
CG8916
3 of 13
GluClα
3 of 13
HisCl1
3 of 13
nAChRβ3
3 of 13
ort
3 of 13
nAChRα1
2 of 13
nAChRα3
2 of 13
nAChRα4
2 of 13
nAChRα5
2 of 13
nAChRα6
2 of 13
nAChRα7
2 of 13
nAChRβ1
2 of 13
nAChRβ2
2 of 13
pHCl-1
2 of 13
nAChRα2
1 of 13
NtR
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    GLRA1; glycine receptor alpha 1
    3 of 14
    138491
    GLRA2; glycine receptor alpha 2
    3 of 14
    GLYCINE RECEPTOR, ALPHA-2 SUBUNIT; GLRA2
     
    GLRA3; glycine receptor alpha 3
    3 of 14
    600421
        GLRB; glycine receptor beta
        3 of 14
        138492
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        pHCl-2
        suppressible
        Ilp2
        (Redhai et al., 2020)
        pHCl-2
        enhanceable
        mTor
        (Redhai et al., 2020)
        pHCl-2
        suppressible
        Rheb
        (Redhai et al., 2020)
        pHCl-2
        suppressible
        S6k
        (Redhai et al., 2020)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-102
        Cytogenetic map
        100C1-100C1
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        100C1-100C1
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Aph-407028&P{PZ}dcorK215 and P{PZ}l(3)rM731rM731
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-102

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-99.1

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (21)
        Genomic Clones (22)
        cDNA Clones (1)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Redhai et al., 2020, Feingold et al., 2016)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of
                  Additional comments
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of

                  Source for identity of: pHCl-2 CG11340

                  (Feingold et al., 2016)
                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology

                  The gene is named 'hodor', an acronym for 'hold on, don't rush', in reference to the developmental delay seen in loss-of-function mutants.

                  (Redhai et al., 2020)
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 41 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                  FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                  Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                  References (42)