FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\nAChRα4

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\nAChRα4

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4

Annotation Symbol

CG12414

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0266347

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

15 publicly available

Gene Summary

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4 (nAChRα4) encodes a four-pass transmembrane channel that is part of a nicotinic acetycholine receptor complex. It promotes sleep and its expression level peaks when sleep need is high. Its activity is inhibited by the product of qvr. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Dα4, rye, nAChR, redeye, nAcRα-80B

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

80D5-80E3

Sequence location

3L:23,206,669..23,287,448 [+]

Recombination map

3-47

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:23206669..23287448

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (18 terms)

Molecular Function (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

contributes_to acetylcholine receptor activity

inferred from direct assay

(Lansdell and Millar, 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

contributes_to acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054960

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables neurotransmitter receptor activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in sleep

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Shi et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in calcium ion transport

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in monoatomic ion transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006029, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036719, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006029, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036719, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in regulation of membrane potential

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in synaptic transmission, cholinergic

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054960

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of acetylcholine-gated channel complex

inferred from direct assay

(Lansdell and Millar, 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of acetylcholine-gated channel complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000435923

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in membrane

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006029, InterPro:IPR006201, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036719, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006029, InterPro:IPR006201, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036719, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006201, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in neuron projection

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in plasma membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054635

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in postsynaptic membrane

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in synapse

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS -: Nicotinic ligand-gated ion channels (nAChR) mediate the fast actions of the acetylcholine (ACh). The non-selective ion channel is formed from five subunits arranged around a central pore. The ACh binding site is formed by two adjacent α subunits. Other regulatory subunits may modulate channel pharmacology and expression. (Adapted from FBrf0183743).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\nAChRα4 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry A0A0S0WNY8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

nAChRα4-RC

FBtr0300118

NM_001104199

5645

539

nAChRα4-RD

FBtr0308330

NM_001259966

5464

371

nAChRα4-RE

FBtr0308331

NM_080494

1509

384

nAChRα4-RF

FBtr0308332

NM_001259967

2354

371

nAChRα4-RG

FBtr0332872

NM_001275305

2281

499

nAChRα4-RH

FBtr0346707

NM_001316465

5645

539

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

nAChRα4-PC

FBpp0289395

61.2

539

6.39

FBpp0300649

41.7

371

6.59

FBpp0300650

43.2

384

6.50

FBpp0300651

41.7

371

6.59

FBpp0305094

56.6

499

6.32

FBpp0312320

61.2

539

6.77

A0A0S0WNY8

NP_001303394

ALI30497

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

371 aa isoforms: nAChRα4-PD, nAChRα4-PF

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\nAChRα4 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.72

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

(Fisher et al., 2012)

pcr

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

organism

Comment: noncyclical

(Shi et al., 2014)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

lamina monopolar neuron L4

(Takemura et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

In contrast to nAChRα4 protein, nAChRα4 mRNA levels were found to be constant at different times of day by qpcr.

(Shi et al., 2014)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

organism

Comment: peaks at ZT6-10 and ZT18-22 (times of sleep)

(Shi et al., 2014)

Additional Descriptive Data

In contrast to nAChRα4 mRNA levels which stay constant, nAChRα4 protein levels cycle over the course of a day with peaks at ZT6-10 and ZT18-22. These correspond to the two daily sleep times indicating that nAChRα4 is expressed in phase with sleep. The cycling persists in constant darkness.

(Shi et al., 2014)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of acetylcholine-gated channel complex

inferred from direct assay

(Lansdell and Millar, 2000)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\nAChRα4 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\nAChRα4

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\nAChRα4

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0266347

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

40521/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0266347

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0037212

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0266347

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG12414

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 12 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of nAChRα4

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of nAChRα4

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3L)γ-28

(Syrzycka et al., 2019)

Df(3L)TTT

(Syrzycka et al., 2019)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

nAChRα4^GD3904

viable

nAChRα4^ΔBA

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^e22c, Scer\GAL4^sqh.PW

nAChRα4^GD3904

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

nAChRα4^GD3904

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

nAChRα4^GD3904

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

nAChRα4^GD3904

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

nAChRα4^JF03419

Sterility

Allele

fertile, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

nAChRα4^JF03419

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal memory | adult stage, with Hsap\RELA^AD.R82C10, Scer\GAL4^DBD.R50B03

nAChRα4^JF03419

abnormal memory | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

nAChRα4^JF03419

abnormal sleep

nAChRα4^rye

abnormal sleep, with Scer\GAL4^{nAChRα4.ryeP}

nAChRα4^GD3904

abnormal sleep | dominant

nAChRα4^rye

chemical resistant

nAChRα4^KO.dsRed+

chemical resistant | larval stage

nAChRα4^ΔBA

decreased sleep | adult stage

nAChRα4^rye

short lived

nAChRα4^rye

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (27)

Hsap\CHRNA3

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA6

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA2

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA4

9 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA5

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNB3

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA1

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNB2

4 of 14

Hsap\CHRNB4

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA9

2 of 14

Hsap\CHRNA10

2 of 14

Hsap\CHRNB1

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRND

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3A

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3B

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3C

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3D

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3E

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRFAM7A

1 of 14

Hsap\CHRNA7

1 of 14

Hsap\CHRNE

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNG

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (19)

Rnor\Chrna3

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna6

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna2

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna4

8 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrnb3

6 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna5

5 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrnb4

2 of 14

Rnor\Chrnd

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Htr3a

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna7

1 of 14

Rnor\Chrng

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Glra3

1 of 14

Rnor\Htr3b

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)

Mmus\Chrna3

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna6

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna2

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna4

8 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna5

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrnb3

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrnb2

4 of 14

Mmus\Chrnb4

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna9

2 of 14

Mmus\Chrna10

2 of 14

Mmus\Chrnb1

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrnd

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrng

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Htr3a

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna7

1 of 14

Mmus\Glra3

1 of 14

Mmus\Htr3b

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (25)

Xtro\chrna2

9 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna6

6 of 13

Xtro\LOC101732933

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna4

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrnb3

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna1.2

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna1

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna3

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna5

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrnb2

2 of 13

Xtro\chrnb4

2 of 13

Xtro\gjb7

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (31)

Drer\chrna3

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrna6

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrna2a

11 of 14

Drer\chrna2b

10 of 14

Drer\chrna4b

9 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrnb3a

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrna5

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrnb3b

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrnb5b

2 of 14

Drer\chrnd

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrng

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\htr3a

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC798522

1 of 14

Drer\LOC100537401

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC101882451

1 of 14

Drer\LOC101882637

1 of 14

Drer\LOC110439304

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (66)

Cele\unc-63

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\unc-38

8 of 14

Cele\acr-8

6 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-12

5 of 14

Yes

Cele\lev-8

5 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-6

4 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-2

3 of 14

Cele\acr-3

3 of 14

Cele\acr-5

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-23

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\cup-4

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\deg-3

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-24

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-25

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-26

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\unc-29

3 of 14

Cele\acr-18

2 of 14

Cele\acr-20

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-21

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-24

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\des-2

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lev-1

2 of 14

Cele\lgc-1

2 of 14

Cele\lgc-4

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-5

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-6

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-21

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-23

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-28

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-29

2 of 14

Cele\lgc-30

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\pbo-6

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-27

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-31

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (18)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000138

11 of 12

Yes

6 of 12

6 of 12

5 of 12

5 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010580

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:nAChRα4. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (22)

11 of 13

11 of 13

11 of 13

9 of 13

5 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

NtR

3 of 13

CG6927

2 of 13

GluClα

2 of 13

Grd

2 of 13

Lcch3

2 of 13

pHCl-2

2 of 13

Rdl

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

ort

1 of 13

pHCl-1

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 6 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

CHRNA2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit

model of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 4

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

CHRNA4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit

model of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 1

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

CHRNA1; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit

model of contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of congenital myasthenic syndrome 1A

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of congenital myasthenic syndrome 1B

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

CHRND; cholinergic receptor nicotinic delta subunit

model of contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CHRNA3; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit

13 of 14

118503

CHRNA6; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit

12 of 14

606888

CHRNA2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit

11 of 14

118502

EPILEPSY, NOCTURNAL FRONTAL LOBE, 4; ENFL4

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 4

CHRNA4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit

9 of 14

118504

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 1

CHRNA5; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit

5 of 14

118505

SMOKING AS A QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS 3; SQTL3

CHRNB3; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit

5 of 14

118508

CHRNA1; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit

4 of 14

100690

CHRNB2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit

4 of 14

118507

EPILEPSY, NOCTURNAL FRONTAL LOBE, 3; ENFL3

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 3

CHRNB4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit

4 of 14

118509

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

nAChRα4 - nAChRβ3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, molecular weight estimation by autoradiography

(Lansdell and Millar, 2002)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

nAChRα4

enhanceable

qvr

(Shi et al., 2014)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0266347

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

gene

gene_with_edited_transcript

(Rodriguez et al., 2012)

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-47

Cytogenetic map

80D5-80E3

Sequence location

3L:23,206,669..23,287,448 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

80D5-80E3

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

80B-80B

(Millar, 2000.3.13)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-44.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (15)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

48796

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR18A11-GAL4}attP2

83057

y¹ v¹; M{WKO.1-D4}ZH-86Fb

31985

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF03419}attP2

80692

w¹¹¹⁸; nAChRα4^rye/TM6C, Sb¹

35885

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}nAChRα4^MI02830

80693

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{UAS-nAChRα4.S}VK00033/TM6C, Sb¹

80508

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS01967}attP40

NIG-Fly

12414R-1

P{NIG.12414R}1

12414R-3

P{NIG.12414R}3

HMJ21421

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ21421}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v11392

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD3904}v11392

v12441

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD3904}v12441

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (32)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (53)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0266347

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Shi et al., 2014)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

nAChRα4 protein levels oscillate cyclically in association with the sleep state, with two peaks each day corresponding to the afternoon siesta and the night-time sleep.

(Shi et al., 2014)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: nAcRα-80B anon-WO0138359.1

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: nAcRα-80B CG17552

(Whitfield, 2000.5.8)

Source for merge of: nAcRα-4 nAcRα-80B

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of nAcRα-80B anon-WO0138359.1 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for identity of nAcRα-80B CG12414 was sequence comparison ( date:000327 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Release 1 annotation CG17552 corresponds to part of the release 3.2 annotation for nAcRα-80B (CG12414).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: nAcRα-80B CG12414

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature comments

Renamed genes encoding nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors to give systematic nomenclature that better reflects usage in literature (e.g. FBrf0218556, FBrf0183743).

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Etymology

Named 'redeye' because mutants show a severe reduction in sleep length.

(Shi et al., 2014)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (25)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG12414

(Mao et al., 2024, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Shi et al., 2014, Smibert et al., 2012, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Perkins et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2004, Whitfield, 2000.5.8)

CG17552

(Whitfield, 2000.5.8)

Dalpha4

(Millar, 2000.3.13, Millar, 2000.3.13)

Dα4

(Anthoney et al., 2023, Komori et al., 2023, Nakayama et al., 2023, Shao et al., 2022, Perry et al., 2021, Ffrench-Constant et al., 2016, Wu et al., 2014, Dupuis et al., 2012, Takemura et al., 2011, Lansdell and Millar, 2002, Lansdell and Millar, 2000)

anon-WO0138359.1

nAChR

(Barber et al., 2021, Rodrigues et al., 2021, Tomizawa et al., 2003, Wolf and Heberlein, 2003, Schafer, 2002, Towers and Sattelle, 2002)

nAChR-α80B

(Ren et al., 2012)

nAChRa4

(Syrzycka et al., 2019)

nAChRalpha4

(Zhao et al., 2025, Syrzycka et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-)

nAChRα4

(Anthoney et al., 2023, Bossen et al., 2023, Korona et al., 2022, Qiao et al., 2022, Jin et al., 2021, Rosenthal and Yuan, 2021, Tasman et al., 2021, Estacio-Gómez et al., 2020, Hill et al., 2020, Mazzotta et al., 2020, Öztürk-Çolak et al., 2020, Meltzer et al., 2019, Shih et al., 2019, Croset et al., 2018, Hill et al., 2018)

nAcRalpha-80

(Dimitri et al., 2005)

nAcRalpha-80B

(Crocker et al., 2016, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Rodriguez et al., 2012)

nAcRaplha-80B

(Greil et al., 2003)

nAcRα-4

nAcRα-80B

(Shi et al., 2014, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Takemura et al., 2011)

nachRalpha4

(Corthals et al., 2023)

redeye

(Chouhan et al., 2021, Hill et al., 2020)

rye

(Cuddapah et al., 2025, Bedont et al., 2023, Belfer et al., 2021, Kohrs et al., 2021, Vaccaro et al., 2020, Allada et al., 2017, Shi et al., 2014)

α4

(Lu et al., 2022)

Name Synonyms

Dα4

(Sattelle et al., 2005)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4

(Ko et al., 2023)

Redeye

(Shafer, 2025)

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha 4

(Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000)

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α 80B

(Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Millar, 2000.3.13)

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4

red-eye

(Allada et al., 2017)

redeye

(Cuddapah et al., 2025, Belfer et al., 2021, Tomita et al., 2017, Shi et al., 2014)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0041731
FBgn0037212
FBan0012414
FBgn0037211
FBgn0044798

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 65 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

40521

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

A0A0S0WNY8

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

A0A0S0WNY8

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0266347

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

40521/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0266347

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0266347

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG12414

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

40521

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0266347

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0266347

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0037212

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0266347

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG12414

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0266347

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC000394

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (121)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.72

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