FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\nAChRα2

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\nAChRα2

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α2

Annotation Symbol

CG6844

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000039

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

43 publicly available

Gene Summary

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. (UniProt, P17644)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Dα2, SAD, nAcRα-96Ab, nAChR, Da2

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

96A3-96A3

Sequence location

3R:24,485,428..24,491,147 [+]

Recombination map

3-85

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:24485428..24491147

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (18 terms)

Molecular Function (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

contributes_to acetylcholine receptor activity

inferred from direct assay

(Lansdell and Millar, 2000)

contributes_to acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

inferred from direct assay

(Lansdell et al., 2008, Schulz et al., 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

contributes_to acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054960

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables neurotransmitter receptor activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in monoatomic cation transmembrane transport

inferred from direct assay

(Schulz et al., 2000)

involved_in synaptic transmission, cholinergic

inferred from expression pattern

(Takemura et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in calcium ion transport

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006201

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in monoatomic ion transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006029, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036719, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in regulation of membrane potential

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in synaptic transmission, cholinergic

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054960

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of acetylcholine-gated channel complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:nAChRα1; FB:FBgn0000036

(Schulz et al., 2000)

inferred from direct assay

(Lansdell and Millar, 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of acetylcholine-gated channel complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000435923

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in membrane

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394, InterPro:IPR006029, InterPro:IPR006201, InterPro:IPR006202, InterPro:IPR036719, InterPro:IPR036734

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in neuron projection

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in plasma membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001054635

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in postsynaptic membrane

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002394

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in synapse

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000434994

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (P17644)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS -: Nicotinic ligand-gated ion channels (nAChR) mediate the fast actions of the acetylcholine (ACh). The non-selective ion channel is formed from five subunits arranged around a central pore. The ACh binding site is formed by two adjacent α subunits. Other regulatory subunits may modulate channel pharmacology and expression. (Adapted from FBrf0183743).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.

(UniProt, P17644)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\nAChRα2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P17644)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

nAChRα2-RA

FBtr0084639

NM_079758

2387

576

nAChRα2-RB

FBtr0084640

NM_170146

2319

576

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.385 (compiled cDNA)

(Baumann et al., 1990)

2.5 (northern blot)

(Jonas et al., 1990)

2.6 (northern blot)

(Sawruk et al., 1990)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

nAChRα2-PA

FBpp0084023

65.5

576

7.51

FBpp0084024

65.5

576

7.51

P17644

NP_733001

AAF56303

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

576 aa isoforms: nAChRα2-PA, nAChRα2-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

576 (aa); 61 (kD)

(Baumann et al., 1990)

576 (aa)

(Jonas et al., 1990)

576 (aa); 61 (kD predicted)

(Sawruk et al., 1990)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

P17644

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\nAChRα2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

nAChRalpha2_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.57

Transcript Expression

expression microarray

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

(Arbeitman et al., 2004)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

gnathal ganglion

(Sawruk et al., 1990)

supraesophageal ganglion

(Sawruk et al., 1990)

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

yolk nucleus

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

posterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

yolk nucleus

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

dorsal ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

dorsal epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

plasmatocyte primordium

Comment: reported as plasmatocytes anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval plasmatocyte

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral midline of embryo

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

yolk nucleus

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Sawruk et al., 1990)

embryonic stage 16 -- 17

(Sawruk et al., 1990)

pupal stage

(Sawruk et al., 1990)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

transmedullary neuron Tm2

(Takemura et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of acetylcholine-gated channel complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:nAChRα1; FB:FBgn0000036

(Schulz et al., 2000)

inferred from direct assay

(Lansdell and Millar, 2000)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\nAChRα2 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\nAChRα2

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\nAChRα2

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000039

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42919/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000039

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000039

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000039

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6844

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000039

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\nAChRα2

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 16 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of nAChRα2

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of nAChRα2

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)Exel7357

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3R)Exel8178

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 6 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

nAChRα2^Δ(3)4E

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^e22c, Scer\GAL4^sqh.PW

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

nAChRα2^GD236

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

nAChRα2^GD236

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

nAChRα2^GD236

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

nAChRα2^GD236

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage

nAChRα2^KO.dsRed+

abnormal sleep | adult stage

nAChRα2^attP

chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

nAChRα2^GD236

visible | adult stage

nAChRα2^KO.dsRed+

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult abdomen

nAChRα2^KO.dsRed+

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (28)

Hsap\CHRNA2

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA3

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA6

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA4

8 of 14

Hsap\CHRNA5

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNB3

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA1

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNB2

4 of 14

Hsap\CHRNB4

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNA9

2 of 14

Hsap\CHRNA10

2 of 14

Hsap\CHRNB1

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRND

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3A

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3B

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3C

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3D

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HTR3E

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\ZACN

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRFAM7A

1 of 14

Hsap\CHRNA7

1 of 14

Hsap\CHRNE

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CHRNG

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (22)

Rnor\Chrna2

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna3

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna6

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna4

7 of 14

Rnor\Chrnb3

6 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna5

5 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrnb4

2 of 14

Rnor\Chrnd

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Htr3a

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Htr3b

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Chrna7

1 of 14

Rnor\Chrng

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (22)

Mmus\Chrna2

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna3

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna6

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna4

7 of 14

Mmus\Chrna5

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrnb3

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrnb2

4 of 14

Mmus\Chrnb4

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrna9

2 of 14

Mmus\Chrna10

2 of 14

Mmus\Chrnb1

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrnd

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Chrng

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Htr3a

2 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Htr3b

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (27)

Xtro\chrna2

10 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna6

6 of 13

Xtro\LOC101732933

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna4

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrnb3

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna1.2

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna1

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrna5

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\chrnb2

2 of 13

Xtro\chrnb4

2 of 13

Xtro\gjb7

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (39)

Drer\chrna6

11 of 14

Yes

10 of 14

10 of 14

9 of 14

8 of 14

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrna1

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrna5

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrnb3b

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrnb5b

2 of 14

Drer\chrnd

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrne

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\chrng

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\htr3a

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC110439304

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC101882451

1 of 14

Drer\LOC101882637

1 of 14

Drer\LOC101884593

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC101885757

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:ch211-256e16.4

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (69)

Cele\unc-38

9 of 14

Yes

Cele\unc-63

9 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-8

5 of 14

Cele\acr-12

5 of 14

Yes

Cele\lev-8

5 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-6

4 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-2

3 of 14

Cele\acr-3

3 of 14

Cele\acr-5

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-23

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\cup-4

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\deg-3

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-24

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-25

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-26

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\unc-29

3 of 14

Cele\acr-18

2 of 14

Cele\acr-20

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-21

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\acr-24

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\des-2

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lev-1

2 of 14

Cele\lgc-1

2 of 14

Cele\lgc-4

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-5

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-6

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-21

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-23

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-28

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-29

2 of 14

Cele\lgc-30

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\pbo-6

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-27

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lgc-31

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (18)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP002972

12 of 12

Yes

6 of 12

5 of 12

5 of 12

5 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010580

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:nAChRα2. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (22)

9 of 13

9 of 13

9 of 13

9 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

NtR

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Grd

1 of 13

HisCl1

1 of 13

Lcch3

1 of 13

ort

1 of 13

pHCl-1

1 of 13

pHCl-2

1 of 13

Rdl

1 of 13

SecCl

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 5 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

CHRNA2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit

model of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 4

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

CHRNA1; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit

model of contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of congenital myasthenic syndrome 1A

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of congenital myasthenic syndrome 1B

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

CHRND; cholinergic receptor nicotinic delta subunit

model of contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CHRNA2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit

11 of 14

118502

EPILEPSY, NOCTURNAL FRONTAL LOBE, 4; ENFL4

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 4

CHRNA3; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit

11 of 14

118503

CHRNA6; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 6 subunit

11 of 14

606888

CHRNA4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit

8 of 14

118504

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 1

CHRNA5; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit

5 of 14

118505

SMOKING AS A QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS 3; SQTL3

CHRNB3; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit

5 of 14

118508

CHRNA1; cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit

4 of 14

100690

CHRNB2; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit

4 of 14

118507

EPILEPSY, NOCTURNAL FRONTAL LOBE, 3; ENFL3

autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy 3

CHRNB4; cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 4 subunit

4 of 14

118509

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

nAChRα2 - RIC-3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography

(Lansdell et al., 2008)

nAChRα2 - nAChRβ3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, molecular weight estimation by autoradiography

(Lansdell and Millar, 2002)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

67845

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000039

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-85

Cytogenetic map

96A3-96A3

Sequence location

3R:24,485,428..24,491,147 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

96A3-96A3

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}crb⁰⁷²⁰⁷&P{PZ}BRWD3⁰⁵⁸⁴² and P{EP}CycB3^EP3127

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

96A3-96A3

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Ranz et al., 1999, Sawruk et al., 1990)

96A-96A

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Gundelfinger, 1992, Jonas et al., 1990)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-85

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-83.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (43)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

48952

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR21G03-GAL4}attP2

48953

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR21G04-GAL4}attP2

48967

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR22B01-GAL4}attP2

49010

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR23A07-GAL4}attP2

49011

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR23A10-GAL4}attP2

49023

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR23C06-GAL4}attP2

Korea

12204

P{VT046826-GAL4}attP2

12503

P{VT046821-GAL4}attP2

16132

P{GMR21G04-lexA}attP40

16577

P{VT046821-lexA::GADfl}attP40

VDRC

v101760

P{KK109442}VIE-260B

v1194

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD236}v1194

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (22)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (12)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

GH22843

Other clones

DPiM_GH22843

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0000039

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

LP12089

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000039

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs demonstrate the nAcRα-96Ab promoter is complex. A 1.23kb genomic promoter harbours the essential cis-elements for basic expression. Additional enhancer elements for strong expression in the optic lobe tangential cells are located 1.7 to 7.3kb upstream of the transcription start site.

(Gundelfinger et al., 1995)

Promoter region of nAcRα-96Ab is dissected and functional regions are identified.

(Jonas et al., 1994)

Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs have been used to identify at least two elements necessary for regulated expression. One element is a 350bp region 1kb upstream of the putative transcription start site and contains a 37bp element that has high homology to element A2 of Ddc enhancer (Johnson et al, Genes and Devel. 3: 676).

(Jonas et al., 1993)

The predicted mature protein contains 535 amino acid residues and an Mr of 60,963. It has an unusually long signal sequence of 41 residues.

(Baumann et al., 1990)

The structure and developmental expression of Acr96Ab, a member of the nAChR gene family, has been characterized.

(Jonas et al., 1990)

Northern blot analysis was used to determine the developmental expression of Acr96Ab and in situ hybridization revealed localization of Acr96Ab in the embryonic CNS.

(Sawruk et al., 1990)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

nAcRα-96Ab appears to be a chimeric gene, with the 5' part of the gene derived from nAcRα-96Aa and the 3' part of the gene derived from nAcRβ-64B.

(Rogers and Hartl, 2012)

mir-1017 is a 3' tailed mirtron produced from an intron of nAcRα-96Ab.

(Flynt et al., 2010)

"nAcRα-96Ab" is a putative chimeric gene derived from the "nAcRα-96Aa" and "nAcRβ-64B" genes (where coding sequences of the two parental genes contribute to the coding sequence of the chimeric gene).

(Rogers et al., 2009)

The potential miRNA mir-1017 is located in an intron of nAcRα-96Ab.

(Ruby et al., 2007)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: nAcRα-96Ab CG6844

(Kodira, 1999.11)

Source for identity of: nAChRα2 nAcRα-96Ab

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Nomenclature comments

Renamed genes encoding nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors to give systematic nomenclature that better reflects usage in literature (e.g. FBrf0218556, FBrf0183743).

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (34)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Acr96Ab

(Ranz et al., 1999)

AcrE

CG6844

(Mao et al., 2024, Kondo et al., 2020, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Rogers and Hartl, 2012, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Bhutkar et al., 2008, Ruby et al., 2007, Arbeitman et al., 2004)

CG6844-PA

(Rogers et al., 2009)

D^a2

Da2

(Schulz et al., 1997, Gundelfinger et al., 1995, Gundelfinger, 1994.4.8)

Dmα2

(Zhang et al., 2025, Dederer et al., 2011)

Dα

(Flynt et al., 2010)

Dα2/SAD

(Lansdell and Millar, 2002, Lansdell and Millar, 2000)

SAD

(Ihara et al., 2004, Delpech et al., 2003, Matsuda et al., 2001, Lansdell and Millar, 2000, Matsuda et al., 1998, Lansdell et al., 1997, Schulz et al., 1997, Schulz et al., 1997, Tomizawa and Casida, 1997, Tomizawa et al., 1996, Sgard et al., 1993, Gundelfinger, 1992)

da2

(Pereira et al., 1997)

nAChR

(Barber et al., 2021, Rodrigues et al., 2021, Tomizawa et al., 2003, Wolf and Heberlein, 2003, Schafer, 2002)

nAChR Dα2

(Lansdell et al., 2008)

nAChR-α96Ab

(Ren et al., 2012)

nAChRa2

(Chen et al., 2014)

nAChRalpha2

(Deshpande et al., 2022, Kondo et al., 2020, Subaraja et al., 2020, Rao and Deng, 2019.10.23, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-)

nAChRα-96A

(Wolfram et al., 2014)

nAChRα2

(Fujita et al., 2024, Pribbenow and Owald, 2024, Anthoney et al., 2023, Bossen et al., 2023, Komori et al., 2023, Korona et al., 2022, Lu et al., 2022, Jin et al., 2021, Rosenthal and Yuan, 2021, Tasman et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Mazzotta et al., 2020, Meltzer et al., 2019, Croset et al., 2018)

nAcRalpha-96Ab

(Crocker et al., 2016, Bhutkar et al., 2008, Giot et al., 2003)

nAcRs

(Ranz et al., 2001)

nAcRα-96Ab

(Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Takemura et al., 2011, Rogers et al., 2009, Hoopfer et al., 2008)

nAchRalpha-96Ab

(Flynt et al., 2010)

nAcr96Ab

(Ranz et al., 2001)

sad

(Buchner, 1991, Schmitt, 1990.6.22)

α2

(Hermsen et al., 1998)

α₂

(Tsunoyama and Gojobori, 1998)

Name Synonyms

Dalpha2 nicotimic acetylcholine receptor

(Gundelfinger, 1990.4.12)

Drosophila alpha-like subunit 2

(Gundelfinger, 1992)

Dα2

(Sattelle et al., 2005)

SAD

(Sattelle et al., 2005)

Second alpha-like subunit of Drosophila

(Gundelfinger, 1992)

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha 96Ab

(Tsubouchi et al., 2012)

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α2

(Shafer, 2025)

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit gene at 96AB

(Flynt et al., 2010)

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-2

(Schmitt, 1990.6.22)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 49 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

42919

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P17644

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P17644

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P17644

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000039

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42919/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000039

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000039

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0000039

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG6844

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

42919

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

67845

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0000039

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000039

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000039

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

nAChRalpha2_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000039

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0000039

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6844

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000039

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0000039

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC012852

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (149)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.57

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