FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Dro
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Dro
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Drosocin
Annotation Symbol
CG10816
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010388
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Drosocin (Dro) encodes an o-Glycosylated antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is expressed in the fat body during the systemic immune response and is expressed in various epithelia. The expression of Dro is regulated at the transcriptional level mostly by the immune deficiency pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Drc, Dros, DIM 11, DIM 9, Drs

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
51C1-51C1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-72
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:14745961..14746714
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antibacterial humoral response
inferred from expression pattern
(Lemaitre et al., 1997)
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Levashina et al., 1995, Bulet et al., 1993)
inferred from expression pattern
(Lemaitre et al., 1997)
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Levashina et al., 1995)
involved_in defense response to insect
inferred from expression pattern
(Tattikota et al., 2020)
involved_in positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
inferred from direct assay
(Bulet et al., 1993)
involved_in response to bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2009)
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
(Levy et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in defense response to bacterium
traceable author statement
(Chapman, 2001)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Bulet et al., 1993)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from experiment
(Hanson et al., 2022)
Gene Group / Complex (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the drosocin family. (P36193)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Drosocin (Dro) encodes an o-Glycosylated antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is expressed in the fat body during the systemic immune response and is expressed in various epithelia. The expression of Dro is regulated at the transcriptional level mostly by the immune deficiency pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group / Complex (FlyBase)
DROSOCINS -
There is a single Drosocin gene in D.mel, which through furin-mediated cleavage yields Drosocin and Buletin peptides. Drosocin is an proline-rich antimicrobial peptide which acts to inhibit bacterial protein translation. Buletin does not appear to possess direct antimicrobial activity but does promote survival during Providencia burhodogranariea infection. (Adapted from FBrf0263699.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

an o-Glycosylated antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria - expressed in the fat body during the systemic immune response and is expressed in various epithelia. The expression of Dro is regulated at the transcriptional level mostly by the immune deficiency pathway - hemocytes relay an innate immune response to the blood cell reservoir: through Imd signaling and the ak/Stat pathway ligand Upd3, hemocytes act as sentinels of bacterial infection, inducing expression of the antimicrobial peptide Drosocin in respiratory epithelia and colocalizing fat body domains

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Dro for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P36193)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Dro-RA
FBtr0087436
NM_079020
355
64
Dro-RB
FBtr0309055
NM_001259395
754
64
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Dro-PA
FBpp0086566
7.1
64
11.81
P36193
NP_523744
AAF58216
Dro-PB
FBpp0301076
7.1
64
11.81
P36193
NP_001246324
AFH08078
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

64 aa isoforms: Dro-PA, Dro-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Post Translational Modification

Proteolytically cleaved at a pair of basic residues corresponding to the RXK/RR optimal cleavage site for furin proteases to produce two distinct antibacterial peptides.

(UniProt, P36193)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Dro using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.55

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Bulet et al., 1993)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Dro in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Dro
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Dro
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)Dro-AttAB-SK2
(Hanson et al., 2019)
Df(2R)Exel6284
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Dro. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    DroUAS.cUa
    model of  neurodegenerative disease
    CEA
    (Cao et al., 2013)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    DroRNAi.UAS
    ameliorates  neurodegenerative disease
    modeled by Zzzz\CAG127Q.UAS.Tag:HA
    (Dubey and Tapadia, 2018)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-72
    Cytogenetic map
    51C1-51C1
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    51C1-51C1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}ttvk03617&P{EP}ttvEP765 and P{lacW}Rpn6k00103
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    51C1-51C6
    (Meister, 1996.6.11)
    51C1-51C6
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Charlet et al., 1996)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-72

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-76.4

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    2-

    (Meister, 1996.6.11)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (5)
    Genomic Clones (26)
    cDNA Clones (11)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          The Dro locus (CG10816) encodes two peptides that are produced from a precursor protein by cleavage at a canonical furin cleavage site: its namesake peptide 'Drosocin', and a 22-residue peptide named 'Buletin' (corresponding to the previously uncharacterized 'Immune-induced Molecule 7', IM7).

          (Hanson et al., 2022)

          Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background.

          (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)

          Identification: Encodes a protein that is induced by immune challenge.

          (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)

          Ecol\lacZDpt.PR adults are pricked with a sterile needle dipped in culture pellets of various living microorganisms (distinct bacterial strains, fungal spores or hyphae). Pricking results in a low but clearly detectable expression of all antimicrobial genes and these genes are induced above the background level by specific classes of microorganism.

          (Lemaitre et al., 1997)

          Glycopeptides of Dro are isolated and the range of activities of these molecules is studied.

          (Bulet et al., 1996)

          Cloning and characterisation of Dro. 2.5kb of upstream sequence confers inducibility and tissue specificity to a transgene.

          (Charlet et al., 1996)

          Genes encoding antibacterial peptides are regulated in a manner distinct from that of Drs, encoding the antifungal peptide.

          (Lemaitre et al., 1996)

          Transcription is not strongly induced by hymenopteran parasitoids.

          (Nicolas et al., 1996)

          Dro encodes a 19-residue proline-rich inducible antibacterial peptide, which has an O-glycosylation that is necessary for its full biological activity.

          (Bulet et al., 1993)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: Dro IM15

          (Rabel et al., 2004)

          Source for merge of: Dro BcDNA:RH31634

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of Dro BcDNA:RH31634 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          The C-terminal peptide produced by furin cleavage from the 'Dro' precursor protein is named Buletin (Btn) after Philippe Bulet, whose dedicated efforts in the 1980s-1990s characterized many of the Drosophila AMPs including Drosocin.

          (Hanson et al., 2022)
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (29)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          143609_at
          (Kristensen et al., 2005)
          BcDNA:RH31634
          Btn
          (Hanson et al., 2022)
          CG10816
          (Hanson et al., 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Gendrin et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Valanne et al., 2007, Levy et al., 2004, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Irving et al., 2001)
          DIM 11
          (Levy et al., 2004, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          DIM 15
          (Levy et al., 2004, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          DIM 9
          (Levy et al., 2004, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          DIM-15
          (Rabel et al., 2004)
          DROC
          (Tzou et al., 2000)
          Drc
          (Hsieh and Chiang, 2023, Hanson et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2012, Apidianakis et al., 2005, Tzou et al., 2002, Boulanger et al., 2001, Lemaitre et al., 1997, Charlet et al., 1996, Lemaitre et al., 1996)
          Dro
          (Behera et al., 2026, Chen et al., 2026, Katzenberger et al., 2026, Lee et al., 2026, Wang et al., 2026, Ghassah et al., 2025, Hirata et al., 2025, Jean-François et al., 2025, Kang et al., 2025, Sheng et al., 2025, Uliczka et al., 2025, Wang et al., 2025, Darby et al., 2024, Fioriti et al., 2024, Hersperger et al., 2024, Isaacson et al., 2024, Krejčová et al., 2024, Liang et al., 2024, Nicolson et al., 2024, Nigg et al., 2024, Polunina et al., 2024, Prakash et al., 2024, Salminen et al., 2024, Vesala et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Westlake et al., 2024, Zhou et al., 2024, Zimmermann et al., 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2023, Gupta et al., 2023, Huang et al., 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Mangano et al., 2023, Odnokoz et al., 2023, Touré et al., 2023, Abe et al., 2022, Delventhal et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Ding et al., 2022, Eickelberg et al., 2022, Hanson et al., 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Shit et al., 2022, Takeuchi et al., 2022, Vaibhvi et al., 2022, Wu and Yan, 2022, Wu et al., 2022, Yoo et al., 2022, Yamashita et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2021, Delbare et al., 2020, Kosakamoto et al., 2020, Lin et al., 2020, Seong et al., 2020, Suh et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Vincent et al., 2020, Yurkevych et al., 2020, Baenas and Wagner, 2019, Chen et al., 2019, Chowdhury et al., 2019, Hanson et al., 2019, Houtz et al., 2019, Kopp and Park, 2019, Leech et al., 2019, Lin et al., 2019, Ma et al., 2019, Westfall et al., 2019, Badinloo et al., 2018, Barajas-Azpeleta et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Green et al., 2018, Hemphill et al., 2018, Mlih et al., 2018, Yuan et al., 2018, Bozler et al., 2017, Loch et al., 2017, Odnokoz et al., 2017, Katzenberger et al., 2016, Piegholdt et al., 2016, Beebe et al., 2015, Dissel et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Donlea et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Obata et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Clark et al., 2013, Durdevic et al., 2013, Garcia et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Telonis-Scott et al., 2013, Thimgan et al., 2013, Yagi et al., 2013, An et al., 2012, Broderick et al., 2012, Kalajdzic et al., 2012, Rera et al., 2012, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Clark et al., 2011, Ladoukakis et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Jiang et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Bergeret et al., 2008, Domanitskaya et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Ramos et al., 2006, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002)
          Dro1
          (Deng et al., 2009)
          Droc
          (Kanoh et al., 2021)
          Dros
          (Barretto et al., 2020, Vasudevan et al., 2017, Ramet et al., 2002, Lindmark et al., 2001)
          Drosocin
          (Nguyen et al., 2024, Rai and Bergmann, 2024, Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021, Singh and Tapadia, 2019, Tonk et al., 2019)
          Drs
          (Wu et al., 2015, Helenius et al., 2009)
          IM15
          IM7
          (Hanson et al., 2022)
          drc
          (Dubey and Tapadia, 2018, Lee and Edery, 2008, Georgel et al., 2001)
          dro
          (Xiu et al., 2025, Hodge et al., 2022, Wagner et al., 2021, Ma et al., 2020, Zhang et al., 2020, Parvy et al., 2019, Li et al., 2018, Huang et al., 2017, Dissel et al., 2015, Wagner et al., 2009, McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, Khush and Lemaitre, 2000)
          dros
          (Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010)
          drosocin
          (Igboin et al., 2012, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998, Meister, 1996.6.11, Bulet et al., 1993, Hetru, 1993.3.9)
          Name Synonyms
          Buletin
          (Hanson et al., 2022)
          Drosocin
          (Schlomann et al., 2026, Akyaw et al., 2025, Ghassah et al., 2025, Knop et al., 2025, Singh et al., 2025, Krejčová et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Hsieh and Chiang, 2023, Cammarata-Mouchtouris et al., 2022, Carboni et al., 2022, Chen et al., 2022, Delventhal et al., 2022, Hanson et al., 2022, Liegeois and Ferrandon, 2022, Shrivastava et al., 2022, Singh and Tapadia, 2022, Takeuchi et al., 2022, Yu et al., 2022, Gao et al., 2021, Marra et al., 2021, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2021, Zhu et al., 2021, Hanson and Lemaitre, 2020, Iwashita et al., 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Shaposhnikov et al., 2020, Suh et al., 2020, Aalto et al., 2019, Merkling et al., 2019, Sanchez Bosch et al., 2019, Garschall and Flatt, 2018, Westfall et al., 2018, Kounatidis et al., 2017, Lele et al., 2017, Vasudevan et al., 2017, Katzenberger et al., 2016, Unckless and Lazzaro, 2016, Bandarra et al., 2015, Castillo et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Moskalev et al., 2015, Pragya et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Goto et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Obata et al., 2014, Tan et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Cao et al., 2013, Clark et al., 2013, Durdevic et al., 2013, Ferrandon, 2013, Oh et al., 2013, Thimgan et al., 2013, Vonkavaara et al., 2013, Yagi et al., 2013, An et al., 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Longworth et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Akbar et al., 2011, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Clark et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Ragab et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Lemos et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Ayres and Schneider, 2009, Carpenter et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Helenius et al., 2009, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Bergeret et al., 2008, Flatt et al., 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Pal et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Beckstead et al., 2005, Johansson et al., 2005, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Tzou et al., 2002, Luo et al., 2001, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Charlet et al., 1996)
          Drosocin (D)
          (Li et al., 2020)
          Drosocin precursor
          (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
          Drosophila Immune induced molecule 11
          (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          Drosophila Immune induced molecule 15
          (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          Drosophila Immune induced molecule 9
          (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
          Immune-induced Molecule 7
          (Hanson et al., 2022)
          drosocin
          (Feng et al., 2024, Hastings et al., 2023, Koller et al., 2023, Kong et al., 2021, Badinloo et al., 2018, Dubey and Tapadia, 2018, Wei et al., 2018, Koltun et al., 2017, Lee et al., 2017, Bandarra et al., 2015, Dissel et al., 2015, Verma and Tapadia, 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Fernando et al., 2014, Kuo and Williams, 2014, Verma and Tapadia, 2014, Lemaitre et al., 2012, Rera et al., 2012, Verma and Tapadia, 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Ahn et al., 2011, Anbutsu and Fukatsu, 2010, Moule et al., 2010, Okado et al., 2009, Stergiopoulos et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Domanitskaya et al., 2007, Hallem et al., 2007, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0062947
          • FBgn0067904
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 104 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          References (361)