FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\pelo
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\pelo
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
pelota
Annotation Symbol
CG3959
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011207
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
17 publicly available
Gene Summary
Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway (PubMed:29861391). In the Pelota-HBS1L complex, pelo recognizes ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of an mRNA and engages stalled ribosomes by destabilizing mRNA in the mRNA channel. Following ribosome-binding, the Pelota-HBS1L complex promotes recruitment of pix, which drives the disassembly of stalled ribosomes, followed by degradation of damaged mRNAs as part of the NGD pathway (By similarity). Required prior to the first meiotic division for spindle formation and nuclear envelope breakdown during spermatogenesis (PubMed:7588080). Together with HBS1, promotes spermatid individualization during spermatogenesis (PubMed:30824860). Required for ovarian germ line stem cell self-renewal and oocyte development during oogenesis (PubMed:16280348). Together with HSB1, required for transposon silencing in the ovary and testis (PubMed:26124316). As part of the Pink1-regulated signaling, is recruited to damaged mitochondrial and is required for recruitment of autophagy receptors and induction of mitophagy (PubMed:29861391). Required for normal eye patterning and for mitotic divisions in the ovary (PubMed:7588080). (UniProt, P48612)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
30C5-30C5
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-36
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:9700810..9708883
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (21 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9W074
(Li et al., 2019)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables stalled ribosome sensor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091436
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (14 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in compound eye morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
involved_in female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xi et al., 2005)
involved_in germ-line stem cell population maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xi et al., 2005)
involved_in male germ-line stem cell population maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2019)
involved_in meiotic cell cycle
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
involved_in meiotic nuclear membrane disassembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
involved_in meiotic spindle organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
involved_in post-transcriptional gene silencing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yang et al., 2015)
involved_in rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:HemK2; FB:FBgn0031454
(Xu et al., 2024)
involved_in sperm individualization
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9W074
(Li et al., 2019)
involved_in spermatocyte division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9W074
(Li et al., 2019)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091437
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004405
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004405
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in rescue of stalled cytosolic ribosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091436
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in RNA surveillance
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004405
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2019, Xi et al., 2005)
part_of Dom34-Hbs1 complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:HBS1; FB:FBgn0042712
(Yang et al., 2015)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2019)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytosolic ribosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091436
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in cytosol
inferred by curator from GO:0072344
(Xu et al., 2024)
part_of Dom34-Hbs1 complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091438
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family. Pelota subfamily. (P48612)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway (PubMed:29861391). In the Pelota-HBS1L complex, pelo recognizes ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of an mRNA and engages stalled ribosomes by destabilizing mRNA in the mRNA channel. Following ribosome-binding, the Pelota-HBS1L complex promotes recruitment of pix, which drives the disassembly of stalled ribosomes, followed by degradation of damaged mRNAs as part of the NGD pathway (By similarity). Required prior to the first meiotic division for spindle formation and nuclear envelope breakdown during spermatogenesis (PubMed:7588080). Together with HBS1, promotes spermatid individualization during spermatogenesis (PubMed:30824860). Required for ovarian germ line stem cell self-renewal and oocyte development during oogenesis (PubMed:16280348). Together with HSB1, required for transposon silencing in the ovary and testis (PubMed:26124316). As part of the Pink1-regulated signaling, is recruited to damaged mitochondrial and is required for recruitment of autophagy receptors and induction of mitophagy (PubMed:29861391). Required for normal eye patterning and for mitotic divisions in the ovary (PubMed:7588080).
(UniProt, P48612)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

RNA binding motif protein - controls germ-line stem cell self-renewal by repressing a differentiation pathway, possibly through regulating translation - RNA surveillance complex Pelo-Hbs1 is required for transposon silencing in the Drosophila germline

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\pelo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P48612)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
pelo-RA
FBtr0079847
NM_057634
2045
395
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.1 (northern blot)

(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
pelo-PA
FBpp0079444
44.2
395
5.34
P48612
NP_476982
AAF52799
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

395 (aa); 49 (kD observed); 44 (kD predicted)

(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, also named Dom34-Hbs1 complex, composed of pelo and HBS1 (PubMed:26124316, PubMed:30824860). Interacts with Pink1 and Cnot4; the interaction with Cnot4 appears to be Pink1-dependent (PubMed:29861391).

(UniProt, P48612)
Domain

The PGF motif may be involved in the interaction with HBS1 and is required for silencing of germline transposons.

(UniProt, P48612)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\pelo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.99

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data

pelo transcripts are present in all developmental stages tested and are most abundant in 0-2hr embryos and adults. Transcripts are not restricted to the germline.

(Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2019, Xi et al., 2005)
part_of Dom34-Hbs1 complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:HBS1; FB:FBgn0042712
(Yang et al., 2015)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2019)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\pelo in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of pelo
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of pelo
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
partially lethal - majority die
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile
female sterile
female sterile | cold sensitive
fertile
male sterile
male sterile (with Df(2L)30A-C)
male sterile (with Df(2L)N22-3)
male sterile (with Df(2L)N22-5)
male sterile (with Df(2L)N22-14)
male sterile (with Df(2L)s1402)
male sterile (with pelo1)
male sterile (with peloPB60)
male sterile | recessive
sterile (with pelo1)
sterile (with peloPB60)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal meiotic cell cycle
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | recessive
abnormal size | adult stage | female
abnormal size | oogenesis
abnormal size | spermatogenesis
decreased cell number | oogenesis
decreased cell number | oogenesis (with Df(2L)s1402)
decreased cell number | progressive | recessive | spermatogenesis
decreased cell number | spermatogenesis (with pelo1)
decreased cell number | spermatogenesis (with peloPB60)
decreased occurrence of cell division | oogenesis
increased cell death
increased cell death | oogenesis
short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
egg chamber
elongation stage spermatid
elongation stage spermatid, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR
eye
female germline stem cell
female germline stem cell (with Df(2L)s1402)
follicle cell | somatic clone
germarium
germline cyst
interommatidial bristle
male germline cyst
male germline stem cell (with pelo1)
male germline stem cell (with peloPB60)
male germline stem cell | progressive
meiotic spindle | spermatogenesis
Nebenkern
ommatidium
ovary
spermatid
spermatocyte
spermatocyte, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR
sperm individualization complex
sperm individualization complex, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR
sperm individualization complex (with pelo1)
sperm individualization complex (with peloPB60)
testis (with pelo1)
testis (with peloPB60)
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\PELO
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Pelo
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Pelo
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\pelo
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\znf219
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\pelo
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\pelo-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008269
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT3G58390
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\PEL1
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\DOM34
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\YCL001W-A
3 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\YCL001W-B
3 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\SPCC18B5.06
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:pelo. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PELO; pelota mRNA surveillance and ribosome rescue factor
    13 of 14
    605757
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        pelo
        enhanceable
        HBS1
        (Li et al., 2019)
        pelo
        suppressible
        RpS30
        (Yang et al., 2015)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        bam
        suppressible
        pelo
        (Xi et al., 2005)
        dpp
        suppressible
        pelo
        (Xi et al., 2005)
        eRF1
        suppressible
        pelo
        (Xu et al., 2024)
        HBS1
        enhanceable
        pelo
        (Li et al., 2019)
        HemK2
        suppressible
        pelo
        (Xu et al., 2024)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, also named Dom34-Hbs1 complex, composed of pelo and HBS1 (PubMed:26124316, PubMed:30824860). Interacts with Pink1 and Cnot4; the interaction with Cnot4 appears to be Pink1-dependent (PubMed:29861391).
        (UniProt, P48612 )
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2L
        Recombination map
        2-36
        Cytogenetic map
        30C5-30C5
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        30C5-30C5
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP361&P{EP}peloEP2160 and P{lacW}zf30Ck02506&P{EP}undEP424
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        30C1-30C9
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Spradling et al., 1999)
        30C1-30C9
        (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-36

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-31.7

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (17)
        Genomic Clones (24)
        cDNA Clones (112)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Wu et al., 2018, Wu et al., 2014)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Genetic analysis indicates that pelo controls female germline stem cell renewal by repressing a bam-independent pathway.

            (Xi et al., 2005)

            pelo locus encodes a protein required for meiotic cell division.

            (Eberhart and Wasserman, 1995)

            Meiotic entry defect.

            (Castrillon et al., 1993)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 54 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (89)