FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Manf
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Manf
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor
Annotation Symbol
CG7013
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0027095
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Summary
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (Manf) encodes an evolutionarily conserved neurotrophic factor. It contributes to dopamine neuron survival, regulation of unfolded protein response and retinal repair. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-27] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

DmMANF, ARP-like

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
89B13-89B13
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-58
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:16349404..16350801
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables growth factor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000312771
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in dopamine metabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lindström et al., 2013)
involved_in neuron cellular homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Palgi et al., 2009)
involved_in neuron projection development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Palgi et al., 2009)
involved_in synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Palgi et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in dopaminergic neuron differentiation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000312771
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in neuron projection development
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000312771
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endomembrane system
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Tan et al., 2009)
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from direct assay
(Lindström et al., 2013)
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Lindström et al., 2013, Palgi et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000312771
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ARMET family. (Q9XZ63)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (Manf) encodes an evolutionarily conserved neurotrophic factor. It contributes to dopamine neuron survival, regulation of unfolded protein response and retinal repair. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-27]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required during the maturation of the embryonic nervous system for maintenance of neuronal and cuticular connectivity. Essential for maintenance of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine levels.
(UniProt, Q9XZ63)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

a secreted protein - immune modulation - expressed in glial cells - supports the dopaminergic system in non-cell-autonomous manner

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Manf for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9XZ63)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Manf-RA
FBtr0083283
NM_058097
847
173
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Manf-PA
FBpp0082735
20.1
173
8.37
Q9XZ63
NP_477445
AAF55303
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Manf using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.21

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
garland cell primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
salivary gland body primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 12
stomodeum
(Palgi et al., 2009)
presumptive embryonic salivary gland
(Palgi et al., 2009)
mesoderm
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 13
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval garland cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval salivary gland body
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval garland cell
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Palgi et al., 2009)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
organism
(Palgi et al., 2009)
Additional Descriptive Data

Manf transcripts are detected in the stomodeum, presumptive salivary gland, and weakly in the mesoderm at embryonic stage 12. Starting in stage 13, they are found in the salivary gland, garland cells, and proventriculus as well as in a punctate pattern in the ventral nerve cord.

(Palgi et al., 2009)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12
stomodeum
(Palgi et al., 2009)
presumptive embryonic salivary gland
(Palgi et al., 2009)
mesoderm
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 13
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval garland cell
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Palgi et al., 2009)
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 15
embryonic/larval epidermis
(Palgi et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 16
longitudinal glial cell
(Palgi et al., 2009)
larval channel glial cell
(Palgi et al., 2009)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval hemocyte
(Neves et al., 2016)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

Manf protein is detected in the stomodeum, salivary gland, mesoderm, garland cells, proventriculus, and epidermis. It is also seen in limited cells in the ventral nerve cord. Staining with glial and neuronal markers shows that Manf is expressed in glial cells including longitudinal glia and channel glia but not in neurons.

(Palgi et al., 2009)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endomembrane system
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Tan et al., 2009)
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from direct assay
(Lindström et al., 2013)
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Lindström et al., 2013, Palgi et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Manf in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Manf
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Manf
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal (with Df(3R)B10.1)
lethal (with Df(3R)B13.1)
lethal (with Df(3R)D20.1)
lethal (with Df(3R)Ex41)
lethal (with Df(3R)Exel6269)
lethal (with ManfΔ301)
lethal (with ManfΔ1151)
lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive
lethal | embryonic stage | recessive
lethal | first instar larval stage | recessive
lethal | larval stage | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die during first instar larval stage
partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4repo
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
male semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4bam.PU
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4alrm.PD
abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Eaat1.PU
abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4alrm.PD
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Eaat1.PU
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP6520
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | recessive
abnormal locomotor behavior | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Eaat1.PU
abnormal stress response
abnormal stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
decreased fecundity | male, with Scer\GAL4bam.PU
decreased size | male, with Scer\GAL4bam.PU
decreased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4alrm.PD
decreased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP6520
increased cell death | embryonic stage 17 | maternal effect | recessive
some die during larval stage | recessive
visible | adult stage
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
dopaminergic neuron | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
dopaminergic neuron | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect
embryonic/larval cell body glial cell | embryonic stage 17 | maternal effect
eye | adult stage
eye | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
lamellocyte | increased number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
lamina | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
larval ventral nerve cord | embryonic stage 17 | maternal effect
LNv neuron | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Eaat1.PU
neurite & dopaminergic neuron | larval stage
neuropil | embryonic stage 17 | maternal effect
seminal vesicle, with Scer\GAL4bam.PU
spermatozoon | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4bam.PU
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\MANF
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
7  
Hsap\CDNF
10 of 14
No
Yes
 
6  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Manf
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Cdnf
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Manf
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Cdnf
9 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\cdnf
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\manf
7 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\cpb2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\manf
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\cdnf
6 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\manf-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003016
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Manf. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    ManfΔ96
    model of  neurodegenerative disease
    CEA
    (Palgi et al., 2009)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    MANF; mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor
    14 of 14
    601916
       
      CDNF; cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor
      10 of 14
      611233
           
          Functional Complementation Data
          Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
          Dmel gene
          Ortholog showing functional complementation
          Supporting References
          Manf
          Hsap\CDNF
          (Lindström et al., 2013)
          Manf
          Hsap\MANF
          (Lindström et al., 2013, Palgi et al., 2009)
          Interactions
          Summary of Physical Interactions
          Interaction Browsers
          Summary of Genetic Interactions
          Interaction Browsers
          View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
          Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          Manf
          suppressible
          KdelR
          (Neves et al., 2016)
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          Pvr
          suppressible
          Manf
          (Neves et al., 2016)
          External Data
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Pathways
          Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
          Metabolic Pathways
          FlyBase
          External Links
          External Data
          Linkouts
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          Class of Gene
          Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
          Chromosome (arm)
          3R
          Recombination map
          3-58
          Cytogenetic map
          89B13-89B13
          Sequence location
          FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Evidence for location
          89B13-89B13
          Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}gish04895&P{EP}EP3171 and P{lacW}CSN5L4032
          Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Notes
          References
          Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
          Location

          3-58

          (FlyBase, 2016)

          3-58.3

          (Comeron et al., 2012)
          Left of (cM)
          Right of (cM)
          Notes
          Stocks and Reagents
          Stocks (6)
          Genomic Clones (17)
           

          Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

          cDNA Clones (86)
           

          Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

          cDNA clones, fully sequenced
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            polyclonal

            (Walkowicz et al., 2021, Krzeptowski et al., 2018, Palgi et al., 2009)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                Manf is essential for maintenance of dopamine positive neurites and dopamine levels.

                (Palgi et al., 2009)

                Area matching Drosophila EST AA263209. This EST has matches Drosophila ARP gene Acc. No. AF132912.

                (Davies, 2001.3.15)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: ARP-like anon- EST:ParkEST188

                (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)
                Additional comments

                FlyBase curator comment: Correspondence with author Palgi revealed that 'DmMANF' = 'CG7013'/'ARP-like'.

                (Palgi et al., 2007)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: Manf ARP-like

                (Palgi et al., 2009)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 43 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (72)