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FB2021_02, released April 13, 2021

Gene: Dmel\Mkrn1

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Mkrn1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Makorin 1
Annotation Symbol
CG7184
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0029152
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
78D5-78D5
Sequence location
3L:21,529,959..21,533,713 [-]
Recombination map
3-47
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:21529959..21533713
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding
inferred from direct assay
(Dold et al., 2020)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables metal ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000571, InterPro:IPR018957
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9UHC7
(FlyBase Curators, 2008--)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000131854
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:7112
(FlyBase Curators, 2008--)
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from sequence model
(Ying et al., 2011)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dold et al., 2020)
involved_in positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jeong et al., 2019)
involved_in positive regulation of oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dold et al., 2020, Jeong et al., 2019)
involved_in positive regulation of oskar mRNA translation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dold et al., 2020)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein polyubiquitination
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:7112
(FlyBase Curators, 2008--)
involved_in protein ubiquitination
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000131854
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in P granule
inferred from direct assay
(Dold et al., 2020)
located_in pole plasm
inferred from direct assay
(Dold et al., 2020)
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Dold et al., 2020)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
OTHER RING DOMAIN UBIQUITIN LIGASES -
The RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain co-ordinates two Zn2+ ions via conserved Cys and His residues. Most proteins which contain a RING finger are assumed to be ubiquitin (E3) ligases. The RING finger binds ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2) and promotes direct transfer of ubiquitin to the target protein. (Adapted from FBrf0215242 and PMID:19489725).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Positive Regulators of Insulin-like Receptor Signaling Pathway -
Positive regulators of the Insulin-like Receptor signaling pathway enhance Insulin-like receptor (InR) activation or the activity of intracellular effectors. (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Mkrn1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Mkrn1-RA
FBtr0078383
NM_079965
2884
386
Mkrn1-RB
FBtr0078384
NM_168922
2163
386
Mkrn1-RC
FBtr0305331
NM_001259938
2229
386
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Mkrn1-PA
FBpp0078038
43.8
386
5.35
NP_524704
AAF51740
Mkrn1-PB
FBpp0078039
43.8
386
5.35
NP_730653
AAN12178
Mkrn1-PC
FBpp0293874
43.8
386
5.35
NP_001246867
AFH04538
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

386 aa isoforms: Mkrn1-PA, Mkrn1-PB, Mkrn1-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Mkrn1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 5
organism
(Dold et al., 2020)
pupal stage
organism
(Dold et al., 2020)
adult stage
organism
(Dold et al., 2020)
Additional Descriptive Data

Mkrn1 is expressed predominantly in early embryos (0-2.5 hour) and in ovaries by RT-qPCR. It is detected at lower levels in pupae and adults and at the lowest levels in later embryos and larvae.

(Dold et al., 2020)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in P granule
inferred from direct assay
(Dold et al., 2020)
located_in pole plasm
inferred from direct assay
(Dold et al., 2020)
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Dold et al., 2020)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Mkrn1 in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Mkrn1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Mkrn1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(3L)Mkrn1exL
(Tran et al., 2018)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (6)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\MKRN1
11 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\MKRN2
9 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MKRN3
8 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\MKRN4P
4 of 15
No
No
Hsap\RNF141
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TMC6
1 of 15
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Mkrn1
11 of 15
Yes
No
Mmus\Mkrn2
8 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Mkrn3
7 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Rnf141
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Tmc6
1 of 15
No
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
Rnor\Mkrn1
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Mkrn2
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Mkrn3
3 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\rnf141
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\mkrn2
7 of 12
Yes
No
Xtro\mkrn1
6 of 12
No
No
Xtro\mkrn3
6 of 12
No
No
Xtro\rnf141
1 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\mkrn1
11 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\mkrn2
9 of 15
No
No
Drer\mkrn4
6 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\lep-2
12 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\F54B11.5
1 of 15
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT3G08505
6 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\AT1G75340
1 of 9
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\LEE1
3 of 15
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\cps3
2 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\SPCC1739.01
2 of 12
Yes
No
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091909N9 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00010924
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD12110
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM22131
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG13225
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE22322
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF10705
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA20164
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL11888
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK20382
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ13540
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI11841
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH14787
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091507VD )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17008191
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY000980
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_13183
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL007476
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC000375
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP000355
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ009814
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W05FP )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2417179190
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\Mkrn1
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP16922
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15214828
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH15004
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:000abb
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG007814
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_09097
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC004145
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI27889
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI45122
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_09076
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X05BP )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW023116
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW010382
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM83406.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur06g03950
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_302153
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G07DG )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Mkrn1
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\zf(c3h/ring)-1
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\MKRN1
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\MKRN2
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
CG5334
8 of 10
CG5347
8 of 10
CG12477
6 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    MKRN1; makorin ring finger protein 1
    11 of 15
    607754
        MKRN2; makorin ring finger protein 2
        9 of 15
        608426
            MKRN3; makorin ring finger protein 3
            8 of 15
            603856
               
              MKRN4P; makorin ring finger protein 4, pseudogene
              4 of 15
                  Functional Complementation Data
                  Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                  Interactions
                  Summary of Physical Interactions
                  Summary of Genetic Interactions
                  esyN Network Diagram
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Pathways
                  Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                  Positive Regulators of Insulin-like Receptor Signaling Pathway -
                  Positive regulators of the Insulin-like Receptor signaling pathway enhance Insulin-like receptor (InR) activation or the activity of intracellular effectors. (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989).
                  Metabolic Pathways
                  External Data
                  Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                  Chromosome (arm)
                  3L
                  Recombination map
                  3-47
                  Cytogenetic map
                  78D5-78D5
                  Sequence location
                  3L:21,529,959..21,533,713 [-]
                  FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Evidence for location
                  78D5-78D5
                  Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j1B10j1B10 and P{lacW}l(3)j2C4j2C4
                  Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Notes
                  References
                  Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                  Location

                  3-47

                  (FlyBase, 2016)

                  3-43.8

                  (Comeron et al., 2012)
                  Left of (cM)
                  Right of (cM)
                  Notes
                  Stocks and Reagents
                  Stocks (6)
                  Genomic Clones (23)
                  cDNA Clones (250)
                   

                  Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                  cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                  For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                  cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                  RNAi and Array Information
                  Linkouts
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                  Antibody Information
                  Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                   

                  monoclonal

                  (Na et al., 2016)
                  Commercially Available Antibodies
                   
                  Other Information
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database identify of
                  Source for database merge of

                  Source for merge of: Mkrn1 CG7184

                  (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.8.7)
                  Additional comments
                  Other Comments

                  Candidate stable intronic sequence RNA (sisRNA) identified within 5'UTR of this gene.

                  (Pek et al., 2015)
                  Origin and Etymology
                  Discoverer
                  Etymology
                  Identification
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 51 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                  Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                  Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                  GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
                  Linkouts
                  BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                  DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                  InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  References (40)