FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Mon1
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Mon1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Monensin sensitivity 1
Annotation Symbol
CG11926
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0031640
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Summary
Monensin sensitivity 1 (Mon1) encodes a protein that forms a complex with the product of Ccz1 and acts as an exchange factor of the small G-protein encoded by Rab7. It activates and recruits the product of Rab7 to the maturing endosome, inducing the fusion of the matured endosome with the lysosome. Mon1/Ccz1 complex loss of function results in Rab7 phenotypes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Dmon1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
25B1-25B1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-14
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:4850641..4852640
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables guanyl nucleotide exchange factor inhibitor activity
inferred from direct assay
(Borchers et al., 2023)
contributes_to guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
inferred from direct assay
(Borchers et al., 2023)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9V3I2
(Borchers et al., 2023)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
contributes_to guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000315021
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000003092
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yousefian et al., 2013)
involved_in neuromuscular junction development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Deivasigamani et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000315081
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in protein targeting to vacuole
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004353
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in vesicle-mediated transport
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR043970, InterPro:IPR043971, InterPro:IPR043972
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Yousefian et al., 2013)
part_of Mon1-Ccz1 complex
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VRX1, UniProtKB:Q9VZL5
(Borchers et al., 2023)
located_in synaptic cleft
inferred from direct assay
(Deivasigamani et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Mon1-Ccz1 complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000003092
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000315023
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the MON1/SAND family. (Q9VR38)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Monensin sensitivity 1 (Mon1) encodes a protein that forms a complex with the product of Ccz1 and acts as an exchange factor of the small G-protein encoded by Rab7. It activates and recruits the product of Rab7 to the maturing endosome, inducing the fusion of the matured endosome with the lysosome. Mon1/Ccz1 complex loss of function results in Rab7 phenotypes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MON1-CCZ1 COMPLEX -
As endosomes mature, Rab5 is replaced with Rab7 in a process known as Rab conversion. The Mon1-Ccz1 complex is required for this process. It is recruited to endosomes by the CORVET complex and acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab7. (Adapted from PMID:21683469).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Part of the Mon1-Ccz1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex specific for Rab7 that promotes the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting Rab7 from an inactive GDP-bound form into an active GTP-bound form (Probable). Plays an important role in membrane trafficking through the secretory apparatus (By similarity). Required for recruitment of Rab7 to endosomal and autophagosomal membranes to mediate endolysosomal and autolysosomal vesicle maturation (PubMed:23418349, PubMed:27559127, PubMed:37463208). Required for fusion of multivesicular bodies and lysosomes but not their formation or trafficking (PubMed:23418349). Involved in the replacement of Rab5 (and possibly Rab4) with Rab7, also known as Rab conversion or the Rab cascade, during endosomal maturation (PubMed:23418349). The Mon1-Ccz1 complex is recruited to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns[3]P) enriched membranes by Rab5, which stimulates recruitment and guanyl-nucleotide exchange of Rab7 (PubMed:32391792). Together with Rab7 required for autolysosome formation in fat cells and autophagic degradation during starvation-induced basal and developmental autophagy (PubMed:27559127). Involved in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) presynaptic bouton function and morphogenesis (PubMed:32658990). Together with Rab7, regulates levels of postsynaptic glutamate receptor GluRIIA in the NMJ presynapse (PubMed:32658990). ACTIVITY REGULATION: The Rab7 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of the Mon1-Ccz1 complex is autoinhibited by the N-terminal disordered region of Mon1 (PubMed:37463208). GEF activity is stimulated by Rab5-mediated recruitment to membranes (PubMed:32391792).
(UniProt, Q9VR38)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Mon1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VR38)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Mon1-RA
FBtr0077387
NM_135024
1882
528
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Mon1-PA
FBpp0077079
59.8
528
6.35
Q9VR38
NP_608868
AAF50969
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the Mon1-Ccz1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex made up of Mon1, Ccz1 and Bulli; the interaction of Bulli with the Mon1-Ccz1 heterodimer is mediated via the C-terminal Mic1 domain of Bulli (PubMed:27559127, PubMed:32499409, PubMed:37155863, PubMed:37463208). Mon1 and Ccz1 form a stable complex which displays Rab7 GEF activity with or without Bulli; GEF activity is enhanced by Bulli possibly by improving membrane association of the complex (PubMed:32499409, PubMed:37155863). Interacts with Rab5 and Rab7; preferentially binds GTP-bound Rab5 and GDP-bound Rab7 (PubMed:27559127).

(UniProt, Q9VR38)
Domain

The disordered N-terminal is involved in autoinhibition of the Mon1-Ccz1 complex guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.

(UniProt, Q9VR38)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Mon1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.06

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Yousefian et al., 2013)
part_of Mon1-Ccz1 complex
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VRX1, UniProtKB:Q9VZL5
(Borchers et al., 2023)
located_in synaptic cleft
inferred from direct assay
(Deivasigamani et al., 2015)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Mon1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Mon1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Mon1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Mon1156)
lethal (with Mon1Δ181)
partially lethal | recessive
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal locomotor behavior (with Df(2L)Exel9062)
abnormal locomotor behavior (with Mon1156)
abnormal locomotor behavior (with Mon1Δ181)
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage (with Df(2L)Exel9062)
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | recessive
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel6010)
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel9062)
abnormal neurophysiology | third instar - cleared gut stage
abnormal neurophysiology | third instar - cleared gut stage (with Df(2L)Exel9062)
flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
short lived (with Df(2L)Exel6010)
short lived (with Df(2L)Exel9062)
short lived (with Mon1156)
short lived (with Mon1Δ129)
short lived (with Mon1Δ181)
short lived | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
autolysosome | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
autolysosome | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)ED7853)
autophagosome | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)ED7853)
embryonic/larval fat body | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval fat body | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)ED7853)
endosome | somatic clone
multivesicular body, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4
muscle cell of A1-7 lateral longitudinal muscle 1 | larval stage
muscle cell of A1-7 lateral longitudinal muscle 1 | larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel9062)
muscle cell of A1-7 lateral longitudinal muscle 1 | larval stage (with Mon1156)
muscle cell of A1-7 lateral longitudinal muscle 1 | larval stage (with Mon1Δ181)
NMJ bouton | increased number | larval stage
NMJ bouton | increased number | larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel9062)
NMJ bouton | increased number | larval stage (with Mon1156)
NMJ bouton | increased number | larval stage (with Mon1Δ181)
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel6010)
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with Df(2L)Exel9062)
prepupa, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH
synaptic vesicle | third instar larval stage
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\MON1A
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\MON1B
13 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Mon1a
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Mon1b
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Mon1a
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Mon1b
12 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\mon1a
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\LOC100485203
5 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\mon1a
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\mon1bb
13 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\mon1ba
9 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\sand-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009931
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT2G28390
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\MON1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\aut12
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Mon1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    MON1A; MON1 vesicular trafficking associated A
    14 of 14
    611464
        MON1B; MON1 vesicular trafficking associated B
        13 of 14
        608954
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Mon1
            suppressible
            Rab7
            (Basargekar et al., 2020)
            Mon1
            suppressible
            VGlut1
            (Deivasigamani et al., 2015)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
            Component of the Mon1-Ccz1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex made up of Mon1, Ccz1 and Bulli; the interaction of Bulli with the Mon1-Ccz1 heterodimer is mediated via the C-terminal Mic1 domain of Bulli (PubMed:27559127, PubMed:32499409, PubMed:37155863, PubMed:37463208). Mon1 and Ccz1 form a stable complex which displays Rab7 GEF activity with or without Bulli; GEF activity is enhanced by Bulli possibly by improving membrane association of the complex (PubMed:32499409, PubMed:37155863). Interacts with Rab5 and Rab7; preferentially binds GTP-bound Rab5 and GDP-bound Rab7 (PubMed:27559127).
            (UniProt, Q9VR38 )
            Linkouts
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            2L
            Recombination map
            2-14
            Cytogenetic map
            25B1-25B1
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            25B1-25B1
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Tps1k08903&P{EP}morgueEP1184 and P{lacW}l(2)k10004k10004&P{EP}CG3036EP963
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            2-14

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            2-15.4

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (9)
            Genomic Clones (18)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (119)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: Mon1 CG11926

                (Yousefian et al., 2013)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
                Linkouts
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (47)