FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\mahj
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\mahj
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
mahjong
Annotation Symbol
CG10080
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0034641
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
mahjong (mahj) encodes a protein involved in regulation of cell cycle, proliferation and cellular fitness. Epithelial cells lacking mahj function are out competed by their wild type neighbors. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
57F4-57F5
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-96
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:21625030..21631422
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell competition in a multicellular organism
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tamori et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein ubiquitination
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR033270
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000319709
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000319709
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the VPRBP/DCAF1 family. (Q9W2F2)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
mahjong (mahj) encodes a protein involved in regulation of cell cycle, proliferation and cellular fitness. Epithelial cells lacking mahj function are out competed by their wild type neighbors. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Probable substrate recognition component of tsome E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (By similarity). Plays a key role in cell competition via its interaction with l(2)gl.
(UniProt, Q9W2F2)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

E3 ubiquitin ligase - mediates competition of cells mutated for lethal giant larvae (lgl) - triggers cell competition through an Xrp1-dependent pathway like that in Rp/+ cells, and distinct from cell competition of lgl or scrib clones, which do not express or depend on Xrp1 function for elimination - proteotoxic is the underlying cause of the loser status for Minute competition and competition induced by mahjong - forms a protein complex with Warts - promotes the ubiquitination of Wts triggering neural stem cell reactivation by inhibition of Wts

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mahj for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W2F2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
mahj-RA
FBtr0071658
NM_137748
5200
1544
mahj-RB
FBtr0304728
NM_001259522
5346
1544
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
mahj-PA
FBpp0071575
172.1
1544
4.59
Q9W2F2
NP_611592
AAF46740
mahj-PB
FBpp0293270
172.1
1544
4.59
Q9W2F2
NP_001246451
AFH08204
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1544 aa isoforms: mahj-PA, mahj-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-DCAF1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (By similarity). Interacts with l(2)gl.

(UniProt, Q9W2F2)
Domain

The DWD boxes are required for interaction with DDB1.

(UniProt, Q9W2F2)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mahj using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.62

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mahj in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mahj
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mahj
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)XE-2900
(Tamori et al., 2010)
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Df(2R)XE-2900)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell shape | larval stage
abnormal cell shape | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal cell shape | larval stage (with Df(2R)XE-2900)
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal developmental rate (with Df(2R)XE-2900)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with Df(2R)XE-2900)
abnormal size | larval stage
decreased cell number | larval stage
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage (with Df(2R)XE-2900)
increased cell death | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
increased occurrence of cell division | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
some die during pupal stage
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
larval brain | larval stage
larval brain | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval brain | larval stage (with Df(2R)XE-2900)
larval neuroblast | larval stage
larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval neuroblast | larval stage (with Df(2R)XE-2900)
tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wing disc | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\DCAF1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Dcaf1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Dcaf1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Mdn1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\dcaf1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\wdr61
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cox6a1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\LOC100333146
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\dcaf-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012134
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\DCAF1
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mahj. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
dom
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    mahjUASp.cTa
    ameliorates  carcinoma
    modeled by l(2)gl4
    (Tamori et al., 2010)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    DCAF1; DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1
    14 of 14
    617259
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        mahj
        enhanceable
        pic
        (Ly et al., 2019)
        mahj
        suppressible
        puc
        (Tamori et al., 2010)
        mahj
        suppressible
        wts
        (Ly et al., 2019)
        mahj
        suppressible
        yki
        (Ly et al., 2019)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        l(2)gl
        suppressible
        mahj
        (Tamori et al., 2010)
        pic
        enhanceable
        mahj
        (Ly et al., 2019)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Component of the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-DCAF1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (By similarity). Interacts with l(2)gl.
        (UniProt, Q9W2F2 )
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2R
        Recombination map
        2-96
        Cytogenetic map
        57F4-57F5
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        57F4-57F5
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Egfr05351 and P{EP}CG10082EP436&P{EP}EP712EP712
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-96

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-102.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (7)
        Genomic Clones (13)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (24)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Ly et al., 2019, Tamori et al., 2010)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: CG10080 BcDNA:SD08722

              (FlyBase, 1996-)

              Source for merge of: CG10080 anon-WO0172774.151

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Additional comments

              Source for merge of CG10080 BcDNA:SD08722 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

              (FlyBase, 1996-)

              Source for merge of CG10080 anon-WO0172774.151 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: mahj CG10080

              (Tamori et al., 2010)
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology

              The gene is named "mahjong", the name of a table game in which winners and losers are determined through strong competition, as it is involved in cell competition.

              (Tamori et al., 2010)
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 50 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              References (70)