FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\hyx
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\hyx
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
hyrax
Annotation Symbol
CG11990
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0037657
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
12 publicly available
Gene Summary
hyrax (hyx) encodes a protein recruited by signaling pathway specific transcriptional regulators such as the products of arm and ci and is important for the output of Wingless and Hedgehog pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Cdc73, Parafibromin

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
85C3-85C3
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-48
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:9038760..9042349
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ci; FB:FBgn0004859
(Mosimann et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables RNA polymerase II complex binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000279609
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chaeta morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mosimann et al., 2006)
involved_in compound eye morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mosimann et al., 2006)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mosimann et al., 2006)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mosimann et al., 2006)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mosimann et al., 2006)
involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mosimann et al., 2006)
involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mosimann et al., 2009)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ptc; FB:FBgn0003892
(Mosimann et al., 2009)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ci; FB:FBgn0004859
(Mosimann et al., 2009)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mosimann et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000279609
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007852
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Cdc73/Paf1 complex
inferred from direct assay
(Adelman et al., 2006)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Goetze et al., 2009)
part_of transcription regulator complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ci; FB:FBgn0004859
(Mosimann et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Cdc73/Paf1 complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007852
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
hyrax (hyx) encodes a protein recruited by signaling pathway specific transcriptional regulators such as the products of arm and ci and is important for the output of Wingless and Hedgehog pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Pathway (FlyBase)
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Positive regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the enhancement of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RNA POLYMERASE-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 1 COMPLEX -
The RNA polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) is composed of five canonical protein components and is involved in the release of proximal-promoter paused RNA polymerase II. (Adapted from FBrf0237119 and FBrf0230368).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

the Cdc73 component of the Polymerase-Associated Factor 1 (PAF1) complex - required for nuclear transduction of the Wnt/Wg signal - manifests its effects on transcription through modulating chromatin structure

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\hyx for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VHI1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
hyx-RA
FBtr0081968
NM_141606
2221
538
hyx-RB
FBtr0300415
NM_001170093
2479
538
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
hyx-PA
FBpp0081448
61.4
538
10.19
Q9VHI1
NP_649863
AAF54331
hyx-PB
FBpp0289644
61.4
538
10.19
Q9VHI1
NP_001163564
ACZ94861
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

538 aa isoforms: hyx-PA, hyx-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\hyx using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.08

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Cdc73/Paf1 complex
inferred from direct assay
(Adelman et al., 2006)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Goetze et al., 2009)
part_of transcription regulator complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ci; FB:FBgn0004859
(Mosimann et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\hyx in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 13 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of hyx
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of hyx
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Exel6258
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
cell lethal | somatic clone
lethal, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with hyx1)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with hyx2-m5-5)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with hyxM23)
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
male sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell number | embryonic stage (with hyx2)
abnormal cell number | embryonic stage (with hyxEY06898)
abnormal cell polarity
abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal cytokinesis | somatic clone
abnormal developmental rate | embryonic stage | recessive
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage | recessive
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with hyx2)
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with hyxEY06898)
abnormal starvation stress response | dominant
decreased body size | recessive | second instar larval stage
decreased size, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
decreased size | somatic clone
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxHT622
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxKK101075
increased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone
increased occurrence of cell division | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxHT622
increased occurrence of cell division | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxKK101075
long lived | dominant
some die during embryonic stage
some die during first instar larval stage
some die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax | embryonic stage (with hyx2)
apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax | embryonic stage (with hyxEY06898)
aster, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
aster | somatic clone
centriole | somatic clone
centrosome, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
egg
eye | somatic clone
larval neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxHT622
larval neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxKK101075
larval neuroblast | increased number | somatic clone
leg, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
leg | somatic clone
macrochaeta | somatic clone
microtubule, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
microtubule organizing center, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
mitotic spindle, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
mitotic spindle | somatic clone
pupal brain, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxHT622
pupal brain, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxKK101075
sarcomere, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
type II neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type II neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxHT622
type II neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxKK101075
type II neuroblast | increased number | larval stage | somatic clone
type I neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxHT622
type I neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, hyxKK101075
type I neuroblast | increased number | larval stage | somatic clone
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing margin | somatic clone
wing vein | somatic clone
Z disc, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\CDC73
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
2  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Cdc73
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Cdc73
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\cdc73
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\xkrx
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ccdc34
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\cdc73
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\cdc-73
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008885
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\PHP
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\CDC73
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
1  
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\SPBC17G9.02c
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:hyx. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Cdc73L
8 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    CDC73; cell division cycle 73
    model of  parathyroid carcinoma
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    model of  hyperparathyroidism
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CDC73; cell division cycle 73
    14 of 14
    607393
     
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Dmel gene
    Ortholog showing functional complementation
    Supporting References
    hyx
    Hsap\CDC73
    (Deng et al., 2022, Mosimann et al., 2006)
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    hyx
    suppressible
    aurA
    (Deng et al., 2022)
    hyx
    suppressible
    polo
    (Deng et al., 2022)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    ci
    suppressible
    hyx
    (Mosimann et al., 2009)
    L
    suppressible
    hyx
    (Zhang et al., 2010)
    L|atms
    enhanceable
    hyx
    (Zhang et al., 2010)
    lgs
    suppressible
    hyx
    (Mosimann et al., 2006)
    orb2
    suppressible
    hyx
    (Zhang et al., 2010)
    ptc
    suppressible
    hyx
    (Mosimann et al., 2009)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-48
    Cytogenetic map
    85C3-85C3
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    85C3-85C3
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L4740L4740 and P{EP}D1EP473
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-48

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-45.8

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (12)
    Genomic Clones (16)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (38)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Deng et al., 2022, Adelman et al., 2006)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

        (Mosimann et al., 2006)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: hyx CG11990

        (Mosimann et al., 2005.11.27)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 51 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        References (73)