FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Vps11
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Vps11
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Vacuolar protein sorting 11
Annotation Symbol
CG32350
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0052350
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
Gene Summary
Vacuolar protein sorting 11 (Vps11) encodes a Class C Vps core subunit of HOPS, a heterohexameric tethering complex that consists of the products of car, dor, lt, Vps11, Vps16A and Vps39. HOPS tethers autophagosomes or late endosomes with lysosomes to facilitate fusion. The product of Vps11 roles include autophagosome-lysosome fusion, late endosome-lysosome fusion and biosynthetic trafficking to lysosomes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
80D3-80D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:23147656..23150499
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein-macromolecule adaptor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000595174
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P12868
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000004844
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from sequence model
(Ying et al., 2011)
Biological Process (13 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in autophagosome maturation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
involved_in cellular response to starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
involved_in endosomal vesicle fusion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lőrincz et al., 2016)
involved_in lysosomal transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
involved_in symbiont entry into host cell
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Hodgson et al., 2019)
involved_in T-tubule organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fujita et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in endosomal transport
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000004844
(Solinger and Spang, 2013)
involved_in endosome organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000595174
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in organelle fusion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000595174
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in protein ubiquitination
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9H270
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in regulation of SNARE complex assembly
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000004844
(Solinger and Spang, 2013)
involved_in vacuole organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000595174
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in vesicle docking involved in exocytosis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000595174
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of HOPS complex
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in endosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000595174
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of HOPS complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000004844
(Solinger and Spang, 2013)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000595174
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the VPS11 family. (Q8SX81)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
ubiquitin protein ligase activity
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Vacuolar protein sorting 11 (Vps11) encodes a Class C Vps core subunit of HOPS, a heterohexameric tethering complex that consists of the products of car, dor, lt, Vps11, Vps16A and Vps39. HOPS tethers autophagosomes or late endosomes with lysosomes to facilitate fusion. The product of Vps11 roles include autophagosome-lysosome fusion, late endosome-lysosome fusion and biosynthetic trafficking to lysosomes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED RING DOMAIN UBIQUITIN LIGASES -
This group comprises RING domain ubiquitin ligases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
VPS-C COMPLEXES: HOPS AND CORVET -
The heterohexameric VPS-C complexes, HOPS and CORVET have been extensively characterised in yeast. They interact with SNAREs and Rabs to promote vesicle tethering. The CORVET complex is involved in early endosome fusion, interacting with Rab5-GTP. The HOPS complex interacts with Rab7-GTP on late endosomes (multivesicular bodies) to promote fusion with the lysosomal compartment (and vacuoles) and also autophagosome-lysosome fusion. The VPS-C complexes share common subunits and CORVET to HOPS conversion intermediates (i-CORVET and i-HOPS) have been proposed to accompany early to late endosome maturation. (Adapted from PMID:19575650 and FBrf0223135).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Part of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex involved in endo-lysosomal vesicle trafficking and lysosome biogenesis, but unlike in many other species does not form part of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex (PubMed:24554766, PubMed:27253064, PubMed:28063257, PubMed:31194677). The HOPS complex facilitates docking and fusion of lysosomes with late endosomes and several other types of vesicles (PubMed:24554766, PubMed:31194677). The HOPS complex is also involved in autophagy, pigment granule biogenesis and crinophagy (the elimination of unused secretory granules through fusion with lysosomes) (PubMed:24554766, PubMed:31194677). The HOPS complex probably instigates autophagosome-lysosome fusion by binding autophagosome-associated Syx17/syntaxin 17 and promoting assembly of the trans-SNARE complex (PubMed:24554766, PubMed:28063257). Independent of Syx17/syntaxin 17, HOPS is involved in biosynthetic transport to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles such as eye-pigment granules (PubMed:24554766, PubMed:31194677). Required for autophagocytosis-dependent remodeling of myofibrils and transverse-tubules (T-tubules) during metamorphosis (PubMed:28063257).
(UniProt, Q8SX81)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Vps11 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8SX81)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Vps11-RA
FBtr0070046
NM_168987
2844
830
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Vps11-PA
FBpp0070045
94.9
830
8.35
Q8SX81
NP_730776
AAN11410
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Part of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex, composed of Vps16A, car/Vps33A, dor/Vps18, Vps39, Vps11 and lt/Vps41 (Probable). Unlike in other species, not part of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex (PubMed:27253064).

(UniProt, Q8SX81)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Vps11 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.86

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of HOPS complex
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Takáts et al., 2014)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Vps11 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Vps11
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Vps11
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(3L)CRIMIC-CR70556
(Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-)
Inferred from location ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
Sterility
Allele
fertile, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
increased cell size, with Scer\GAL4pros.PU
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
autolysosome | somatic clone | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
autolysosome | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional
autophagosome | increased number
autophagosome | increased number | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional
embryonic/larval fat body | somatic clone | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
embryonic/larval fat body | wandering third instar larval stage | nutrition conditional
embryonic/larval garland cell | larval stage
embryonic/larval garland cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
garland cell
garland cell, with Scer\GAL4pros.PU
late endosome, with Scer\GAL4pros.PU
late endosome | larval stage
late endosome | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
vacuole | larval stage
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\VPS11
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Vps11
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Vps11
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\vps11
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\vps18
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\vps11
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\vps-11
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002665
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\VPS11
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\PEP5
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\vps11
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPAC16A10.03c
4 of 12
No
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Vps11. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
dor
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    VPS11; VPS11 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes
    12 of 14
    608549
     
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Vps11 - Rab2
    pull down, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Gillingham et al., 2014, Gillingham et al., 2014)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Part of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex, composed of Vps16A, car/Vps33A, dor/Vps18, Vps39, Vps11 and lt/Vps41 (Probable). Unlike in other species, not part of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex (PubMed:27253064).
    (UniProt, Q8SX81 )
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-47
    Cytogenetic map
    80D3-80D3
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    80D3-80D3
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j1B10j1B10 and P{lacW}l(3)j2C4j2C4
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-47

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-44.0

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (5)
    Genomic Clones (10)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (101)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          New annotation (CG32350) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: CG32350 BcDNA:LD20292

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of CG32350 BcDNA:LD20292 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Vps11 CG32350

          (Takáts et al., 2014)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 35 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (56)