FlyBase Gene Report: Zzzz\poly-GR

(Milioto et al., 2024, Li et al., 2023, Morón-Oset et al., 2023, Rossi et al., 2023, Xu et al., 2023, Farrugia et al., 2022, Fumagalli et al., 2021, Park et al., 2021, Park et al., 2020, Ramesh et al., 2020, Mordes et al., 2018, Xu and Xu, 2018)

model of frontotemporal dementia

CEA

(Mizielinska et al., 2014)

Zzzz\poly-GR^PO-100.UAS

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEA

(Glineburg et al., 2024, Morón-Oset et al., 2023, Farrugia et al., 2022, Atilano et al., 2021, Fumagalli et al., 2021, Park et al., 2020, Xu and Xu, 2018, Mizielinska et al., 2017)

CEC

(Lu et al., 2019)

Zzzz\poly-GR^50.UAS.EGFP

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEA

(Kokona et al., 2025, Bennett et al., 2023, Ortega et al., 2023, Lee et al., 2016)

Zzzz\poly-GR^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEA

(Geng et al., 2024, Li et al., 2023, Li et al., 2020, Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2019, Yang et al., 2015)

CEC

(Wang et al., 2022)

Zzzz\poly-GR^36.UAS.EGFP

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEC

(Xu et al., 2019)

CEA

(Xu and Xu, 2018)

Zzzz\poly-GR^{UAS.Tag:GS-TAP}

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEA

(Moens et al., 2019)

Zzzz\poly-GR^{36.UAS.mCherry}

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEA

(Morón-Oset et al., 2023)

Zzzz\poly-GR^{100.UAS.mCherry}

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEA

(Morón-Oset et al., 2023)

Zzzz\poly-GR^{1136.UAS.EGFP}

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEA

(Webster et al., 2025, Bennett et al., 2023, West et al., 2020)

Zzzz\poly-GR^{PO-36.UAS.Tag:HA}

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CEA

(Kim et al., 2021)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Zzzz\poly-GR^PO-36.UAS

model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

is NOT ameliorated by SF2^GD12097

(Hautbergue et al., 2017)

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

is exacerbated by Mp^HMJ21668

(Milioto et al., 2024)

is exacerbated by Mp^JF02929

(Milioto et al., 2024)

is exacerbated by daw^HMJ03135

(Milioto et al., 2024)

is exacerbated by daw^HMS01110

(Milioto et al., 2024)

is exacerbated by Khc²⁷

(Fumagalli et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Khc⁸

(Fumagalli et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Adck1^NIG.3608R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Arf4^NIG.11027R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Brf^NIG.4155R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG11414^HMC06381

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG11414^HMJ23120

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG2931^NIG.2931R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG31643^NIG.31643R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG5776^HMS02672

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG6013^NIG.6013R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG8635^NIG.8635R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Cand1^NIG.5366R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Capr^NIG.18811R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Clbn^GD7403

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Rack1^GD12135

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Rack1^GL00637

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Clbn^HMJ23825

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Rack1^NIG.7111R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Hsp110^NIG.6603R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Mtr4^NIG.4152R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by RpS27A^NIG.5271R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Nopp140^NIG.7421R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Npl4^HMJ21721

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by SPoCk^NIG.32451R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Smg5^NIG.8954R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by P5CS^NIG.7470R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Polr2D^NIG.31237R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by RNaseZ^NIG.3298R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Rab14^NIG.4212R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Smg6^NIG.6369R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Smn^NIG.16725R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Tbcc^NIG.31961R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by TER94^JF03402

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Upf3^NIG.11184R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by eIF2Bβ^NIG.2677R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by eIF3d1^NIG.10161R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by eIF4E1^NIG.4035R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by hoip^NIG.3949R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by hyd^NIG.9484R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by pix^JF01190

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by rig^NIG.11171R

(Park et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by smid^NIG.8571R

(Park et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by bumpel^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

(Xu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Hsf^+t8

(Mordes et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by ArfGAP1^HMJ30212

(Rossi et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by ergic53^HMC03809

(Rossi et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Hsap\TARDBP^{UAS.Tag:HA,RFP(Unk)}

(Li et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Hsap\APP^{695.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Li et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Hsap\FUS^{WT.UAS.RFP(Unk),Tag:HA}

(Li et al., 2023)

exacerbates spinocerebellar ataxia 1

modeled by Hsap\ATXN1^82Q.UAS

(Tazelaar et al., 2020)

Zzzz\poly-GR^PO-100.UAS

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

is exacerbated by Set8^GD10930

(Lu et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Su(var)3-3^HMS00608

(Lu et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by l(3)mbt^HMS01466

(Lu et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by InR^A1325D.UAS

(Atilano et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by InR^K1409A.UAS

(Atilano et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by SERCA^KK107371

(Park et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by SFV\nsp3^UAS.mApple

(Glineburg et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by eIF1A^UAS.ORF

(Moens et al., 2019)

Zzzz\poly-GR^50.UAS.EGFP

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

is ameliorated by TBPH^KK108354

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by U2af50^KK102790

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Ythdf^KK101470

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by chico^KK107581

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Atx2^KK100423

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by CG1703^KK105695

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by eIF5B^KK105498

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by glo^KK108457

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by heph^KK108057

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by lark^KK107711

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by larp^KK107732

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by CG42458^KK106121

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by CG4882^KK107150

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Mov10^KK104184

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by Nsun1^KK100650

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by Capr^KK100145

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by lig^KK108129

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by msk^KK107338

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by mub^KK108209

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by Fs(2)Ket^KK100714

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by Hrb87F^KK108162

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by Kap-α3^KK101268

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by nonA-l^KK103858

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by pAbp^GD11542

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by Nap1^KK101965

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Nlp^GD12319

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by rin^KK108430

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by slmb^UAS.vhhGFP4

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by swm^KK100111

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by trn^KK104688

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by x16^KK107171

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Nmnat^KK101988

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Pen^KK103295

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Pop1^KK102325

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by RIOK1^KK100810

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Rpn1^KK102872

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Srrm234^KK109351

(Lee et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by Syp^KK108062

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Zzzz\VHH^deGradFP.UAS

(Lee et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Hsap\SETX^UAS.Tag:FLAG

(Bennett et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Atx2^ΔcIDR

(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Atx2^ΔmIDR

(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)

Zzzz\poly-GR^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

is exacerbated by CG11414^HMC06381

(Geng et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by CG11414^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

(Geng et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by lilli^4U5

(Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by lilli^A17-2

(Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2019)

is exacerbated by lilli^UAS.Tag:HA

(Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by lilli^k05431

(Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Zzzz\poly-GA^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Yang et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by SARS-CoV-2\nsp1^UAS.cZa

(Wang et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Akt^UAS.Exel

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by AlaRS^GD8009

(Li et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by CG6769^HMC05334

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by Clbn^HMJ23825

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by IleRS^HMJ22153

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by ThrRS^GD1342

(Li et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by YME1L^HMC03303

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by YME1L^UAS.GFP

(Li et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by pelo^GD11173

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by Ltn1^G9156

(Li et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by Ltn1^GD10816

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by pelo^UASp.cXa

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by pix^G3965

(Li et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by pix^JF01190

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by N^{FLN.ΔCdc10.UAS}

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by N^{UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by Pink1^UAS.cYa

(Li et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by TER94^UAS.cRa

(Li et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by Hsap\TARDBP^{UAS.Tag:HA,RFP(Unk)}

(Li et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by TER94^HMS00656

(Li et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by rictor^HMS01588

(Li et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Hsap\APP^1-42.UAS

(Li et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Hsap\APP^{695.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Li et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Hsap\APP^{C99.UAS.Exel.Tag:MYC}

(Li et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Hsap\FUS^{WT.UAS.RFP(Unk),Tag:HA}

(Li et al., 2023)

Zzzz\poly-GR^36.UAS.EGFP

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

is ameliorated by Upf1^UASp.GFP

(Xu et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Upf2^UAS.cAa

(Xu et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by VGlut1^HMS02011

(Xu and Xu, 2018)

is ameliorated by VGlut1^HMS02175

(Xu and Xu, 2018)

Zzzz\poly-GR^{1136.UAS.EGFP}

exacerbates C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

modeled by Zzzz\poly-PR^{1100.UAS.EGFP}

(West et al., 2020)

model of C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

is exacerbated by Zzzz\poly-PR^{1100.UAS.EGFP}

(West et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by Hsap\SETX^UAS.Tag:FLAG

(Bennett et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by pont^{UAS.ORF.Tag:HA}

(Webster et al., 2025)

is ameliorated by rept^UAS.ORF

(Webster et al., 2025)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Zzzz\poly-GR - Mic10b

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2020)

Zzzz\poly-GR - Mitofilin

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2020)

Zzzz\poly-GR - Opa1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2020)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

engineered_foreign_region

(FlyBase Curators, 1992-)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (2)

Bloomington

58692

w¹¹¹⁸; P{UAS-poly-GR.PO-36}attP40

58696

w¹¹¹⁸; P{UAS-poly-GR.PO-100}attP40

Other Comments

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

(Lopez-Gonzalez et al., 2019, Boeynaems et al., 2016)

GR100

(Wei et al., 2026)

Zzzz\poly-GR

poly-(GR)

(Mizielinska et al., 2014)

poly-GR

(Perry et al., 2017, Mizielinska et al., 2014, Wen et al., 2014)

Name Synonyms

C9RAN poly-dipeptide GR

(Wen et al., 2014)

poly-(Glycine-Arginine)

poly-(glycine-arginine)

(Mizielinska et al., 2014)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

References (61)

Report Sections