FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Pc[15]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Pc¹⁵

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0013565

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Pc

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

Pc^XT109, Pc^XT

Key Links

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

X ray

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Simon et al., 1992)

Mutagen

X ray

(Strutt and Paro, 1997, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Evidence

References

model of cancer

CEA

(Classen et al., 2009)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

anaphase | embryonic stage

(O'Dor et al., 2006)

cyst progenitor cell | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

(Zhang et al., 2017)

dendrite & dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | somatic clone

(Parrish et al., 2007)

dendrite | somatic clone

(Wang et al., 2006)

eye disc | somatic clone

(Gutiérrez et al., 2012, Classen et al., 2009)

germinal proliferation center | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

(Zhang et al., 2017)

gonadal sheath proper primordium (with Pc³)

(DeFalco et al., 2004)

haltere | ectopic

(Culi et al., 2006)

larval abdominal segment 4

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

larval abdominal segment 5 | ectopic

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

larval head

(Muller et al., 1995)

larval segment

(Muller et al., 1995)

male germline stem cell | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

(Zhang et al., 2017)

mesothoracic leg

(Anderson et al., 2011, Strutt et al., 1997, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

mesothoracic leg & sex comb | ectopic

(Strutt et al., 1997)

metathoracic leg

(Anderson et al., 2011, Grienenberger et al., 2002, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

neuroblast | somatic clone

(Bello et al., 2007)

primary gonial cell | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

(Zhang et al., 2017)

sex comb (with Df(3R)ry27)

(Wang and Brock, 2003)

sex comb (with Df(3R)ry619)

(Wang and Brock, 2003)

sex comb | ectopic

(McKay et al., 2015, Wen et al., 2012, Anderson et al., 2011, Grienenberger et al., 2002, Strutt et al., 1997)

telophase | embryonic stage

(O'Dor et al., 2006)

wing

(Culi et al., 2006)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵/+ adults exhibit sex combs on the second pairs of legs of male flies.

(Fresán et al., 2020)

Pc¹⁵ homozygous somatic clones, but not germline clones, in adult testes lead to severe increases in the numbers of early stage germline cells and of cyst stem cells, and to the cell non-autonomous induction of both somatic (Zfh1) and germline (Vasa) lineage markers in some cells, as compared to controls.

(Zhang et al., 2017)

Heterozygous Pc¹⁵ mutant flies exhibit ectopic sex combs at low frequency.

(McKay et al., 2015)

Homozygous germline clones do not result in female sterility or obvious defects in the oocyte.

(Iovino et al., 2013)

Eye discs composed mainly of homozygous cells have a tumour phenotype.

(Gutiérrez et al., 2012)

Approximately 90% of Pc¹⁵ heterozygotes have extra sex combs.

(Wen et al., 2012)

82% of heterozygous males have ectopic sex combs on either the second or third leg.

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Eye discs composed predominantly of homozygous cells (generated using the FLP/cell-lethal method) are overgrown. The mutant tissue shows defects in terminal differentiation and has defective epithelial organisation.

(Classen et al., 2009)

Homozygous neuroblast clones in the third larval instar central brain and ventral ganglion are dramatically reduced in size compared to control clones and show a dramatic reduction in mitotic activity.

Homozygous neuroblast clones examined at the late third larval stage generally still contain neuroblasts (88% of clones) if examined 24 hours after clone induction, but neuroblasts are generally absent in the clones (89% of clones) 72 hours after clone induction. 59% of the mutant clones contain neuroblasts 48 hours after clone induction.

(Bello et al., 2007)

Single cell class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neuron clones that are homozygous for Pc¹⁵ show a range of dendritic defects in the third instar larva. Homozygous class IV ddaC clones show a significant reduction in dendrite branching and total dendritic length compared to controls. Analysis of mutant clones from 72 to 96 hours after egg laying (AEL) shows that mutant clones show extensive growth of major dendritic branches and some terminal branches. However, roughly a quarter of the terminal dendrites are lost in the mutant clones during this time period. Fewer terminal branching/branch growth events are seen in the mutant clones than the control clones.

Axons of mutant single cell ddaC neuron clones occupy a similar fascicular position in the ventral nerve cord and show very similar arborisation patterns as wild-type controls. Axon terminals of mutant v'ada or vdab clones are also indistinguishable from wild type.

(Parrish et al., 2007)

Heterozygotes show a partial transformation of wing to haltere.

(Culi et al., 2006)

Pc¹⁵ embryos from hetrozygous mothers show segregation defects in anaphase and telophase as judged by the presence of chromatin bridges. Most of these chromatin bridges are probably resolved because large irregularly-shaped nuclei and polyploid nuclei are only seen at a low penetrance. Pc¹⁵ embryos also show a higher level of "nuclear fallout", a process that removes nuclei with abnormal mitoses, than wild-type embryos. Fallout nuclei tend to be observed in pairs or clusters and have a late telophase appearance. There is no evidence of metaphase defects in these embryos.

(O'Dor et al., 2006)

Pc¹⁵ mushroom body clones show over-elaborated dendrites, but do not show similar axonal defects.

(Wang et al., 2006)

Ectopic male-specific somatic gonadal precursor (msSGP) cells are seen in both male and female Pc³/Pc¹⁵ embryos before gonad coalescence. Normal and ectopic non-sexually dimorphic somatic gonadal precursor cell (SGP) specification is also seen in these mutant embryos. At later stage in mutant male embryos, a large number of ectopic msSGPs associate with SGPs and germ cells to form a gonad. However, in most mutant female embryos msSGPs are no longer seen at later stages.

(DeFalco et al., 2004)

Pc¹⁵/Df(3R)ry27 mutant flies exhibit a slightly higher than wild-type average number of legs with sex combs, with a statistically insignificant average of 2.1 legs with sex combs, compared to 2.0 in Pc¹⁵/+ heterozygotes.

Pc¹⁵/Df(3R)ry619 mutant flies exhibit a higher than wild-type average number of legs with sex combs, with a statistically significant average of 2.2 legs with sex combs, compared to 2.0 in Pc¹⁵/Tp(3;3)MRS heterozygotes.

(Wang and Brock, 2003)

Pc¹⁵/+ animals exhibit extra sex combs on the metathoracic leg, they also have a mild transformation of the fourth abdominal segment into the fifth - patches of pigmentation are seen in the anterior part of A4.

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Heterozygous males have ectopic sex combs on the second leg.

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Segments of homozygous larvae are transformed so they mostly represent the eighth abdominal segment and the larvae show severe head defects.

(Muller et al., 1995)

Partial transformations of second and third legs into first legs in Pc/+ heterozygotes.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

The loss of the zygotic Pc causes a severe transformation of most segments towards parasegment 8 (Lewis, Nature 276: 565-570, Duncan, Developmental Order, pp 533--554, New York).

(Simon et al., 1992)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ has homeotic phenotype, enhanceable by Haspin¹²⁸/Haspin¹²⁸

(Fresán et al., 2020)

Pc¹⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by His3^HisTA.H3K27A

(McKay et al., 2015)

Pc¹⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by jing[+]/jing^22F3

(Culi et al., 2006)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ has abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by esc²¹/esc[+]

(Parrish et al., 2007)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Caf1-55^short/Caf1[+]

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc¹⁵ has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Caf1[+]/Caf1-55^long

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc¹⁵ has neoplasia | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by dome^ΔCYT.UAS/Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

(Classen et al., 2009)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ has abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by esc²¹/esc[+]

(Parrish et al., 2007)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Pc[+]/Pc¹⁵ is an enhancer of visible | dominant phenotype of gcm^Pyx

(Popkova et al., 2012)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ is a suppressor of lethal - all die during P-stage phenotype of stx²

(Du et al., 2016)

Pc¹⁵ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4, sens^UAS.cNa

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc[+]/Pc¹⁵ is a suppressor | partially of abnormal eye color phenotype of w^PD

(Classen et al., 2009)

Other

Statement

Reference

Haspin¹²⁸, Pc¹⁵ has homeotic phenotype

(Fresán et al., 2020)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by His3^HisTA.H3K27A

(McKay et al., 2015)

Pc¹⁵ has wing phenotype, enhanceable by jing[+]/jing^22F3

(Culi et al., 2006)

Pc¹⁵ has haltere | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by jing[+]/jing^22F3

(Culi et al., 2006)

Pc¹⁵ has larval abdominal segment 4 phenotype, enhanceable by chm¹⁴

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Pc¹⁵ has larval abdominal segment 5 | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by chm¹⁴

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Pc¹⁵ has metathoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by chm¹⁴

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by chm¹⁴

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Pc¹⁵ has larval abdominal segment 4 phenotype, enhanceable by chm¹⁴/Abd-B^Mcp-B116

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Pc¹⁵ has larval abdominal segment 5 | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by chm¹⁴/Abd-B^Mcp-B116

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Pc¹⁵ has phenotype, enhanceable by Scm^ET50

(Bornemann et al., 1998)

Pc¹⁵ has phenotype, enhanceable by Scm^R5-13

(Bornemann et al., 1998)

Pc¹⁵ has phenotype, enhanceable by Scm^Suz302

(Bornemann et al., 1998)

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic & mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by Trl[+]/Trl⁶²

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic & mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by Trl[+]/Trl^13C

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Pc¹⁵ has mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by Trl⁶²

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Pc¹⁵ has mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by Trl^13C

(Strutt et al., 1997)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, non-enhanceable by Caf1[+]/Caf1-55^p55-1

(Wen et al., 2012)

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, non-enhanceable by Caf1-55^p55-2/Caf1[+]

(Wen et al., 2012)

Pc¹⁵ has dendrite & dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | somatic clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by esc²¹/esc[+]

(Parrish et al., 2007)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by Caf1-55^short/Caf1[+]

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by Caf1[+]/Caf1-55^long

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc¹⁵ has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by Caf1-55^short/Caf1[+]

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc¹⁵ has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by Caf1[+]/Caf1-55^long

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc¹⁵ has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by Caf1-55^short/Caf1[+]

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc¹⁵ has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by Caf1[+]/Caf1-55^long

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc¹⁵ has eye disc | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by dome^ΔCYT.UAS/Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

(Classen et al., 2009)

Pc¹⁵ has neuroblast | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL/BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Bello et al., 2007)

Pc¹⁵ has larval head phenotype, suppressible by Mmus\Cbx2^arm.PM

(Muller et al., 1995)

Pc¹⁵ has larval segment phenotype, suppressible by Mmus\Cbx2^arm.PM

(Muller et al., 1995)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, non-suppressible by Caf1[+]/Caf1-55^p55-1

(Wen et al., 2012)

Pc¹⁵ has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, non-suppressible by Caf1-55^p55-2/Caf1[+]

(Wen et al., 2012)

Pc¹⁵ has dendrite & dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by esc²¹/esc[+]

(Parrish et al., 2007)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Pc[+]/Pc¹⁵ is an enhancer of sex comb | ectopic phenotype of His3^HisTA.H3K27A

(McKay et al., 2015)

Pc[+]/Pc¹⁵ is an enhancer of chaeta | increased number phenotype of gcm^Pyx

(Popkova et al., 2012)

chm¹⁴/Pc¹⁵ is an enhancer of larval abdominal segment 4 phenotype of Abd-B^Mcp-B116

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

chm¹⁴/Pc¹⁵ is an enhancer of larval abdominal segment 5 | ectopic phenotype of Abd-B^Mcp-B116

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Pc¹⁵/Abd-B^Mcp-B116 is an enhancer of larval abdominal segment 5 | ectopic phenotype of chm¹⁴

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Pc¹⁵/Abd-B^Mcp-B116 is an enhancer of larval abdominal segment 4 phenotype of chm¹⁴

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4, sens^UAS.cNa

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Pc[+]/Pc¹⁵ is a suppressor | partially of eye phenotype of w^PD

(Classen et al., 2009)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Pc¹⁵/+ Haspin¹²⁸/+ adults exhibit sex combs on the third pairs of legs of male flies and a defective wing development indicative of a wing to haltere transformation.

(Fresán et al., 2020)

The pupal stage lethality of hemizygous stuxnet² males is suppressed by combination with Pc¹⁵ in heterozygous state.

(Du et al., 2016)

Expression of a transgene bearing 8 copies of a mutated form of the histone repeat unit (PBac{8xHisTA.H3K27A} - comprised of 8xHis3^HisTA.H3K27A and 8x wild type copies of His1^HisTA.wt, His2A^HisTA.wt, His2B^HisTA.wt and His3^HisTA.wt) in a Pc¹⁵/+ background enhances the ectopic sex comb phenotype seen in either mutant alone.

(McKay et al., 2015)

Caf1^p55-1/+ does not affect the ectopic sex comb phenotype seen in Pc¹⁵ heterozygotes.

Caf1^p55-2/+ does not affect the ectopic sex comb phenotype seen in Pc¹⁵ heterozygotes.

(Wen et al., 2012)

The disorganised eye phenotype caused by expression of sens^Scer\UAS.cNa under the control of Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4 is suppressed by Pc¹⁵.

Only 12.3% of Pc¹⁵/Caf1^short and 30% of Pc¹³/Caf1^long double heterozygous males have ectopic sex combs on either the second or third leg.

(Anderson et al., 2011)

Expression of dome^{ΔCYT.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Act.PU reduces the overgrowth of Pc¹⁵ mutant eye discs.

(Classen et al., 2009)

The addition of esc²¹/+ does not alter the dendritic defects seen in single cell class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neuron clones that are homozygous for Pc¹⁵.

(Parrish et al., 2007)

The partial transformation of wing to haltere seen in Pc¹⁵ heterozygotes is enhanced by jing^22F3/+.

(Culi et al., 2006)

Mutants heterozygous for lolal^k02512, lolal^k11212, or lolal^k07907, when also heterozygous for Pc¹⁵, exhibit a contrabithorax phenotype, which is a wing-to-haltere transformation due to ectopic expression of Ubx in the posterior part of the wing disc, often resulting in curvature of the wing. This phenotype is further enhanced in specific lolal heteroallelic viable combinations, such as lolal^k02512/lolal^311a, lolal^k11212/lolal^311a, and lolal^k07907/lolal^311a, when also heterozygous for Pc¹⁵.

(Faucheux et al., 2003)

Mutant heterozygotes show a weak suppression of the eye phenotype seen in P{UAS-lacZ.Abd-B.5F24} leading to darker eyes. In Pc¹⁵/+, w^Fab-7.5F24, Scer\GAL4^hs.PB flies, an embryonic heat shock pulse leads to eyes darker than with w^Fab-7.5F24 alone.

(Cavalli, 1999)

The appearance of extra sex combs in Pc¹⁵/+ males is enhanced if the flies are also heterozygous for either Trl⁶² or Trl^13C.

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Mutant phenotype can be rescued in the presence of Mmus\Cbx2^arm.PM. Larvae were not rescued to adults with Mmus\Cbx2^arm.PM. Clones of Pc¹⁵ adult cells can be rescued by one copy of Mmus\Cbx2^arm.PM but to an intermediate phenotype.

(Muller et al., 1995)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Comments

Mutant phenotype can be rescued in the presence of Pc^arm.PM Clones of Pc¹⁵ adult cells can be completely rescued with one copy of Pc^arm.PM.

(Muller et al., 1995)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

24468

w^*; P{hsp70-CD2.J}76 kni^ri-1 Pc¹⁵ P{FRT(w^hs)}2A/TM6B, Tb¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Ectopic abd-A is seen throughout the A-P axis by 9 hours. Ectopic Abd-B follows the same pattern but the anterior spread is delayed. Patchy Abd-B is seen in the epidermal cells of the head region.

(Simon et al., 1992)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Pc⁰

(Bonnet et al., 2022)

Pc¹⁵

(McPherson et al., 2023, Fresán et al., 2020, Harris et al., 2020, Leatham-Jensen et al., 2019, Harris et al., 2016, Popkova et al., 2012, Wen et al., 2012, Anderson et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2009, de Ayala Alonso et al., 2007, Wang and Brock, 2003)

Pc^XT

(McKay et al., 2015, Atchison et al., 2003)

XT109

(Tariq et al., 2009)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (53)

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