FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Pkg21D

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Pkg21D

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Protein kinase, cGMP-dependent at 21D

Annotation Symbol

CG3324

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000442

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

10 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

cGMP-dependent protein kinase (2.7.11.12)

Gene Summary

Protein kinase, cGMP-dependent at 21D (Pkg21D) encodes a Mg[+] dependent-kinase that is activated by cGMP. It contributes to somatic muscle development, salivary gland morphogenesis and epithelial fluid transport. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

DG1, PKG

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

21E2-21E2

Sequence location

2L:786,153..790,798 [-]

Recombination map

2-1.5

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:786153..790798

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(MacPherson et al., 2004, Foster et al., 1996)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR000961, InterPro:IPR002374, InterPro:IPR017441

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002374, InterPro:IPR035014

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR008271

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000961

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in larval somatic muscle development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Patel et al., 2012)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in signal transduction

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001553621

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(MacPherson et al., 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

PROTEIN KINASE G FAMILY

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cGMP subfamily. (Q03042)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity

(1) L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+) (2.7.11.12)

(2) L-threonyl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] + ADP + H(+) (2.7.11.12)

protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

PROTEIN KINASE G FAMILY -: The Protein Kinase G (PKG) family are serine/threonine kinases activated by cGMP. PKG forms homodimers and are regulated by auto-inhibition through a pseudosubstrate motif. (Adapted from PMID:20027184).

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Pkg1

Encodes a product with putative cGMP-dependent binding and kinase domains that is 14% larger than the corresponding mammalian enzyme. It is believed to bind cGMP and to undergo changes enabling its catalytic site to interact with appropriate substrates. This gene is unusually polymorphic in various Drosophila stocks. The role of the gene and its enzyme in the organism as a whole is unknown at present.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pkg21D for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q03042)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Pkg21D-RA

FBtr0078042

NM_057865

2583

768

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.8 (northern blot)

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1989)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Pkg21D-PA

FBpp0077706

86.8

768

6.37

Q03042

NP_477213

AAF51459

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

768 (aa)

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1989)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer.

(UniProt, Q03042)

Post Translational Modification

Autophosphorylated.

(UniProt, Q03042)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q03042

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pkg21D using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Pkg21D_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.40

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic hindgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic large intestine

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic Malpighian tubule

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval corpus allatum

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1989)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

Malpighian tubule

(Ichimiya et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Pkg21D transcripts are found at all stages of development tested on northern blots. They are found preferentially in heads in adults.

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1989)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

enzyme assay or biochemical detection

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

head

(Ichimiya et al., 2004)

Malpighian tubule

(Ichimiya et al., 2004)

epitope tag

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

• plasma membrane

Comment: diffusely localized; expression assayed in cultured cells

(Ichimiya et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(MacPherson et al., 2004)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pkg21D in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Pkg21D

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Pkg21D

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000442

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33253/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000442

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000442

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000442

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG3324

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000442

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\Pkg21D

Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pkg21D

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pkg21D

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)Exel6002

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(2L)Exel7005

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 8 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Pkg21D^GD10936

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Pkg21D^GD10936

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pkg21D^GD10936

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Pkg21D^GD10936

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell migration

Pkg21D^f05504

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage

Pkg21D^MB04805

abnormal mating behavior

Pkg21D^MB04805

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pkg21D^GD10936

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pkg21D^GD10936

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

A1-7 ventral acute muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL4^twi.PB

Pkg21D^RNAi.UAS

A1-7 ventral oblique muscle cell

Pkg21D^f05504

A1-7 ventral oblique muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL4^twi.PB

Pkg21D^RNAi.UAS

embryonic/larval salivary gland

Pkg21D^f05504

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pkg21D^GD10936

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (47)

Hsap\PRKG2

9 of 14

Yes

8 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (28)

Rnor\Prkg2

10 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (30)

Mmus\Prkg1

8 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Prkg2

8 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (20)

Xtro\prkg2

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC100498055

6 of 13

Yes

6 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (43)

Drer\prkg2

9 of 14

Yes

8 of 14

7 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Drer\si:ch211-195b13.1

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (19)

Cele\egl-4

13 of 14

Yes

6 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (25)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP008585

11 of 12

Yes

5 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (17)

Atha\AT2G20050

6 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (9)

Scer\BCY1

2 of 13

Yes

Scer\TPK1

2 of 13

Yes

Scer\TPK2

2 of 13

Yes

Scer\TPK3

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (5)

Spom\cgs1

2 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (4)

Ecol\crp

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\fnr

1 of 11

Ecol\iprA

1 of 11

Yes

Ecol\yeiL

1 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Pkg21D. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (20)

CG4839

9 of 13

for

9 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

Akt

1 of 13

CG14693

1 of 13

CG42260

1 of 13

dop

1 of 13

gek

1 of 13

PKD

1 of 13

Rok

1 of 13

S6kII

1 of 13

S6k

1 of 13

Sik2

1 of 13

sws

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

PRKG2; protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2

model of acromesomelic dysplasia 4

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PRKG2; protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2

9 of 14

601591

acromesomelic dysplasia 4

PRKG1; protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1

8 of 14

176894

AORTIC ANEURYSM, FAMILIAL THORACIC 8; AAT8

thoracic aortic aneurysm

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer.

(UniProt, Q03042 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000442

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q03042

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-1.5

Cytogenetic map

21E2-21E2

Sequence location

2L:786,153..790,798 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

21E2-21E2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k09610^k09610&P{lacW}S^k09538a and P{PZ}l(2)10685¹⁰⁶⁸⁵&P{lacW}Tango14^k00619

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

21D-21D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1989, Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-1.5

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-0.5

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (10)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

24228

w¹¹¹⁸; Mi{ET1}Pkg21D^MB04805

27686

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02766}attP2

62991

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ30068}attP40

85702

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{WH}Pkg21D^f05504/CyO

97177

y¹ w^*; TI{CRIMIC.TG4.0}Pkg21D^{CR70444-TG4.0}/SM6a

NIG-Fly

HMJ30068

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ30068}attP40/CyO

2LG-0261

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-Pkg21D.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v103513

P{KK112484}VIE-260B

v34595

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD10936}v34595

v341227

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD00264}attP40/CyO-GFP

Genomic Clones (20)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (7)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

GH03852

Other clones

DPiM_GH03852

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0000442

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000442

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Biochemical characterisation of the Pkg21D protein is performed to better understand the physiological role of Pkg21D. Tissue distribution in embryos and adults is examined.

(Foster et al., 1996)

Isolated from a genomic library using a Pka-C1 probe.

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Pkg21D may encode a protein kinase.

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Genes in D.melanogaster encoding products related (by sequence comparison) to cGMP-dependent protein kinases of mammals have been isolated by using a Drosophila cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gene as a probe.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Pkg21D CG3324

(Li, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (15)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG3324

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Hosono et al., 2015, Bell et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Bell et al., 2007, Wirbelauer et al., 2005, Morrison et al., 2000)

DG1

(Myat and Patel, 2016, Davies et al., 2014, Patel and Myat, 2013, Kanao et al., 2012, Dow and Davies, 1999, Lohmann et al., 1997, Foster, 1996.6.3, Foster et al., 1996, Siegfried et al., 1990, Kalderon and Rubin, 1989, Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Dg1

PKG

(Krill and Dawson-Scully, 2021, Patel et al., 2012, Zhang et al., 2002, Semenza, 1999, Wingrove and O'Farrell, 1998)

PKG 21D

(Morrison et al., 2000)

PKG-21D

(Bjorklund et al., 2006)

PKG1

(Myat and Patel, 2016)

PKG21D

(Villegas et al., 2018)

Pkg1

Pkg21D

(Takakura et al., 2023, Xu et al., 2023, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Port et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2020, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Song et al., 2017, Rohde et al., 2016, Ugrankar et al., 2015, Nagoshi et al., 2010, Liebl and Featherstone, 2008, Conant and Wagner, 2005, Wang et al., 2004)

cGMP

(Llamazares et al., 1991)

dg1

(Vermehren-Schmaedick et al., 2010, Aitchison et al., 2007, Morton and Vermehren, 2007, Hofmann, 2005, MacPherson et al., 2004, Broderick et al., 2000, Davies, 2000, Buchner, 1991)

pkg21D

(Sun et al., 2025, Myat and Patel, 2016, Schleede and Blair, 2015, Patel et al., 2012)

Name Synonyms

Protein kinase, cGMP-dependent at 21D

cGMP-dependent protein kinase 21D

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 51 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

33253

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q03042

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q03042

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q03042

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000442

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33253/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000442

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000442

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0000442

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG3324

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

33253

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0000442

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000442

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000442

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Pkg21D_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000442

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0000442

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG3324

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000442

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC006940

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q03042

References (89)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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