FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\g

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\g

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

garnet

Annotation Symbol

CG10986

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0001087

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

73 publicly available

Gene Summary

garnet (g) encodes a protein that forms the Adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) complex together with the other subunits encoded by or, rb and cm. These complexes select cargo for inclusion into vesicles for transport within the cell. AP-3 delivers protein cargo to a number of specialized organelles including pigment granules, late endosomes, lysosomes and synaptic vesicles. AP-3 genes were first found through defects in pigment granules that alter eye color. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

AP-3δ, apl5

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

12B4-12B4

Sequence location

X:13,727,204..13,736,278 [-]

Recombination map

1-45

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:13727204..13736278

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (29 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables cargo adaptor activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:AP-2α; FB:FBgn0264855

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Biological Process (19 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in compound eye pigmentation

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:p; FB:FBgn0086679

(Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)

involved_in determination of adult lifespan

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Simonsen et al., 2007)

involved_in endocytosis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wilkin et al., 2008)

involved_in exocytosis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Asensio et al., 2010)

involved_in eye pigment biosynthetic process

inferred from expression pattern

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ooi et al., 1997)

involved_in eye pigment granule organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ooi et al., 1997)

involved_in Notch receptor processing

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wilkin et al., 2008)

involved_in ommochrome biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Harris et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (11 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513028

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in Golgi to endosome transport

non-traceable author statement

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

involved_in Golgi to vacuole transport

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513025

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in intracellular protein transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002553

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in lysosomal transport

traceable author statement

(Luzio et al., 2000)

involved_in neurotransmitter receptor transport, postsynaptic endosome to lysosome

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513028

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in protein targeting to vacuole

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513025

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in protein transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010474, InterPro:IPR017105

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in synaptic vesicle budding from endosome

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513028

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in synaptic vesicle membrane organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513028

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in vesicle-mediated transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002553

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (9 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from direct assay

(Kondylis et al., 2001)

located_in Golgi stack

inferred from direct assay

(Kondylis et al., 2001)

located_in late endosome

inferred from direct assay

(Burgess et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of AP-3 adaptor complex

non-traceable author statement

(Ooi et al., 1997)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513025

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010474, InterPro:IPR017105

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in endosome membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513025

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in Golgi-associated vesicle

non-traceable author statement

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

part_of membrane coat

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002553

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in presynaptic endosome

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513028

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in terminal bouton

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513028

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

ADAPTOR PROTEIN COMPLEX 3

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family. (P54362)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

ADAPTOR PROTEIN COMPLEX 3 -: Adaptor protein (AP) complexes select cargo for inclusion into coated vesicles in the late secretory and endocytic pathways. AP complexes are heterotetramers. AP-3 is associated with endosomes and, to a less extent, the trans-Golgi network and appears to function independently of clathrin. Drosophila AP-3 genes were first linked to defects in the biogenesis of visual pigment granules. (Adapted from FBrf0129983 and PMID:15066634).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Part of the AP-3 complex, an adapter-related complex which is not clathrin-associated. The complex is associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral structures. It facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane and may be directly involved in trafficking to lysosomes (By similarity). May be a coat protein involved in the formation of specialized structures like pigment granules.

(UniProt, P54362)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

g: garnet

Eye color brownish, darkening with age; both pteridine and ommochrome pigments variably reduced in different alleles, giving rise to such descriptions as deep purplish ruby, pinkish, brownish, yellowish ruby, orange, etc. Nolte (1959, Heredity 13: 233-41) measured both pigments spectroscopically for g alleles (g1,g2,g3,g4) and detected subtle differences. Hexter (1963, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 50: 372-79) claims g1,g2,g3, and g4 indistinguishable phenotypically but g53d to be orange eyed and easily separable. Earlier authors claims g2 lighter than g1. Pigmentation of Malpighian tubules also reduced (Brehme and Demerec, 1942, Growth 6: 351-56). Eye color (g2) autonomous in transplants into wild type host (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936, Genetics 21: 225-47).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\g for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P54362)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.54

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

g-RB

FBtr0073842

NM_080046

3853

1034

g-RD

FBtr0331709

NM_001272599

4147

1033

g-RF

FBtr0331710

NM_001272600

3993

967

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

4.0, 3.8 (northern blot)

(Ooi et al., 1997)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

g-PB

FBpp0073673

114.8

1034

7.31

FBpp0304098

114.7

1033

7.16

FBpp0304099

107.0

967

6.89

M9PJM7

NP_001259529

AGB95371

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

1034 (aa); 115 (kD predicted)

(Ooi et al., 1997)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) is a heterotetramer composed of two large chains (delta and beta3), a medium chain (mu3) and a small chain (sigma3).

(UniProt, P54362)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\g using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.03

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 1 -- 13

organism | ubiquitous | uniform

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic/larval salivary gland

(Fisher et al., 2012)

third instar larval stage

leg disc | ubiquitous | uniform

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

eye disc | ubiquitous | uniform

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

antennal disc | restricted

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

adult stage | female

ovariole

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

organism

Comment: highest expression levels at 0-6 hr AEL, and in female adults

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

adult stage

(Ooi et al., 1997)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from direct assay

(Kondylis et al., 2001)

located_in Golgi stack

inferred from direct assay

(Kondylis et al., 2001)

located_in late endosome

inferred from direct assay

(Burgess et al., 2011)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\g in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\g

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\g

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001087

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

44819/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001087

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001087

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001087

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10986

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001087

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 65 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of g

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of g

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 54 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 54 )

Gene duplicated in

Dp(1;2)A124

Dp(1;3)DC273

(Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010)

Dp(1;3)ras^v

Dp(1;f)LJ9

(Livingstone, 1985, Hardy et al., 1984)

Dp(1;Y)BSC189

(Cook et al., 2010)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺g⁺

(Cook, 2008.12.11)

Gene not duplicated in

Gene not disrupted in

Inferred from location ( 7 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | male

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

g^Mc19-1

partially lethal

g^tuh2

partially lethal | female

g^49h

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

viable | male

g^49h

Sterility

Allele

female semi-fertile

male sterile

g^17B

semi-fertile

g^tuh2

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal behavior | recessive

abnormal body color | recessive

abnormal courtship behavior | male

abnormal eye color

abnormal eye color (with Df(1)HA92)

abnormal eye color | cell autonomous

abnormal eye color | male

g⁶⁰

abnormal eye color | recessive

short lived | male

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

g^Mc19-1

visible

wild-type

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

eye

g^53d

Malpighian tubule

pigment cell

pigment cell (with Df(1)HA92)

pigment granule

testis sheath

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (15)

Hsap\AP3D1

12 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (11)

Rnor\Ap3d1

13 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (13)

Mmus\Ap3d1

11 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (12)

Xtro\ap3d1

8 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (13)

Drer\ap3d1

12 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (8)

Cele\apd-3

13 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (9)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000161

12 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (18)

Atha\delta-ADR

11 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (7)

Scer\APL5

11 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (7)

Spom\apl5

10 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:g. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (7)

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

g¹

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 8

modeled by Lrrk¹

(Inoshita et al., 2022)

g²

exacerbates Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome

modeled by Blos1^ex2

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g^B166

ameliorates Alzheimer's disease

modeled by Hsap\APP^{Aβ42.GMR.Tag:SS(rPENK)}

(Cao et al., 2008)

g^EP514

ameliorates Alzheimer's disease

modeled by Hsap\APP^{Aβ42.GMR.Tag:SS(rPENK)}

(Cao et al., 2008)

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^Q93.ex1.UAS

(Cao et al., 2008)

ameliorates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.cWa

(Cao et al., 2008)

g^{αTub84B.mCherry}

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 8

modeled by Lrrk¹

(Inoshita et al., 2022)

g^GD7158

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^R406W.UAS

(Butzlaff et al., 2015)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

AP3D1; adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit delta 1

12 of 14

607246

HERMANSKY-PUDLAK SYNDROME 10; HPS10

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

g - Arf1

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Christis and Munro, 2012)

g - Arf4

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Christis and Munro, 2012)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

aux

(Cheli et al., 2010, Cheli et al., 2010)

enhanceable

Blos1

(Cheli et al., 2010)

z|g

enhanceable

E(z)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

enhanceable

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

suppressible

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

enhanceable

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Blos1

enhanceable

(Cheli et al., 2010)

Gk1

enhanceable

(Wightman et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)

enhanceable

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) is a heterotetramer composed of two large chains (delta and beta3), a medium chain (mu3) and a small chain (sigma3).

(UniProt, P54362 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

69305

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001087

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44819

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44819

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Lysosome

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-45

Cytogenetic map

12B4-12B4

Sequence location

X:13,727,204..13,736,278 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

12B4-12B4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}NFAT^EP1390&P{EP}CG11164^EP1396 and P{EP}g^EP514

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

12B-12B

(Lloyd et al., 2000)

12B6-12B7

(Lloyd, 1995.7.10)

Determined by comparing Celera genomic sequence with sequence from BDGP BAC and P1 clones.

(Lloyd et al., 2000)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-45

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-43.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-44.4

(Williams, 1956)

Left of (cM)

nonA

(Kulkarni et al., 1988)

Right of (cM)

(Deak et al., 1982)

mus106

(Smith et al., 1980)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (73)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

3958

g¹

g² pl¹/FM3

6888

tsg⁴ g¹/FM7c

10118

w¹¹¹⁸ P{EP}g^EP514

Kyoto

107533

g¹

101116

g^50e

101131

In(1)g^w, g^w

105674

bi¹ ct⁶ g²

10986R-1

11197R-1

v31390

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD7158}v31390

v41369

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD6405}v41369

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (21)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (37)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RE06749

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0001087

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001087

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Shows genomic imprinting on Dp(1;f)LJ9. These variegating phenotypes persist for one generation only, i.e. is reset by passage through the germ line. The imprint is a response to the physiological sex of the parent, and does not depend on the particular allele of g opposite Dp(1;f)LJ9. Factors that affect position effect variegation influence the somatic expression but not the establishment of the imprinting.

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

The eye pigmentation defect of g mutants suggests the protein is required for proper biogenesis of eye pigment granules.

(Ooi et al., 1997)

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Lesions in g reduce or eliminate pigmentation in the eyes and ocelli and block pigmentation of the fat body and tubules: g is required for normal pigmentation of all four tissues.

(Tearle, 1991)

Pteridines (neodrosopterin, drosopterin, isodrosopterin, aurodrosopterin, 6-acetyl-dihydrohomopterin, sepiapterin, dihydrobiopterin, biopterin, pterin and isoxanthopterin) have been quantified in single and double mutants.

(Silva and Mensua, 1985)

It is likely that this gene is required for the normal transport of eye-pigment precursors.

(Silva and Mensua, 1985)

Pigmentation of Malpighian tubules also reduced.

(Brehme and Demerec, 1942)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: g CG11197

(Misra, 2000.4.14)

Source for merge of: g CG10986

(Robinson, 2000.4.27)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (15)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

AP-3δ

(Bonifacino et al., 2012.12.21, Christis and Munro, 2012, Burgess et al., 2011)

AP3δ

(Burgess et al., 2011)

CG10986

(Butzlaff et al., 2015, Christis and Munro, 2012, Perkins et al., 2009, Mount, 2001.8.14, Robinson, 2000.4.27, Verstreken and Bellen, 2000.9.4)

CG11197

(Boehm, 2001, Mount, 2001.8.14, Robinson, 2000.4.27)

apl5

(Neumann et al., 2010, Neumann et al., 2010)

cg11197

(Boehm and Bonifacino, 2002)

(Li et al., 2025, Yassin et al., 2022, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Miller et al., 2016, Nemetschke and Knust, 2016, Aradska et al., 2015, Butzlaff et al., 2015, Rodriguez-Fernandez and Dell'Angelica, 2015, Gupta et al., 2014, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Wang et al., 2012, Wightman et al., 2012, Burgess et al., 2011, Harris et al., 2011, Cheli et al., 2010, Cheli et al., 2010, Cook et al., 2010, Macdonald et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010, Anaka et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2009.7.22, Rodriguez-Fernandez and Dell'angelica, 2009, Anaka et al., 2008, Blumenthal, 2008, Cao et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Cook, 2008.12.11, Elias et al., 2008, Wilkin et al., 2008, Falcon-Perez et al., 2007, Martin et al., 2007, Akashi et al., 2006, Ko et al., 2006, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004, Hall, 2002, Yurchenko and Zakharov, 1995, Sturtevant, 1955)

garnet

(van der Harst et al., 2012)

l(1)Mc19

(Boehm and Bonifacino, 2001)

Name Synonyms

AP-3, δ subunit

(Swetha et al., 2011)

Adaptor Protein complex 3, δ subunit

(Bonifacino et al., 2012.12.21)

Garnet

(Asensio et al., 2010, Cho et al., 2005)

lethal(1)Mc19

salmon

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0001800
FBgn0030516
FBgn0030517

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 53 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

44819

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P54362

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P54362

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P54362

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001087

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

44819/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001087

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001087

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0001087

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG10986

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

44819

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

69305

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0001087

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001087

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001087

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001087

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0001087

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10986

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001087

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC033376

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Lysosome

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44819

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44819

References (217)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-1.03

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