FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Sin1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Sin1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
SAPK-interacting protein 1
Annotation Symbol
CG10105
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0033935
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
Component of the target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2), which transduces signals from growth factors to pathways involved in proliferation, cytoskeletal organization and anabolic output (PubMed:16919458, PubMed:17043309). In response to growth factors, TORC2 phosphorylates and activates AGC protein kinase family members, such as Akt1 (PubMed:16919458, PubMed:17043309). Within the TORC2 complex, Sin1 acts as a substrate adapter which recognizes and binds AGC protein kinase family members for phosphorylation by mTor (By similarity). (UniProt, Q9V719)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

dSin1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
51A2-51A2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-71
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:14411825..14413851
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001410677
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables protein kinase binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9BPZ7
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007, Yang et al., 2006)
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Koike-Kumagai et al., 2009)
involved_in positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007, Yang et al., 2006)
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007, Yang et al., 2006)
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dimitroff et al., 2012)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rheb; FB:FBgn0041191
(Dimitroff et al., 2012)
involved_in stress granule assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jevtov et al., 2015)
involved_in TORC2 signaling
(Yang et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in TORC2 signaling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001410677
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of TORC2 complex
(Yang et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001410677
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001410677
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of TORC2 complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008828
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001410677
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the SIN1 family. (Q9V719)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Pathway (FlyBase)
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF INSULIN-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Positive regulators of the Insulin-like Receptor signaling pathway enhance Insulin-like receptor (InR) activation or the activity of intracellular effectors. (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989).
Gene Group (FlyBase)
TORC2 COMPLEX -
TOR complex 2 (TORC2) is a target of rapamycin (Tor) kinase-containing complex that phosphorylates several AGC family kinases, including Akt1 (PKB). mTORC2 regulates a variety of cellular processes such as insulin signaling and actin reorganization. It is insensitive to rapamycin. (Adapted from FBrf0238220).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Component of the target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2), which transduces signals from growth factors to pathways involved in proliferation, cytoskeletal organization and anabolic output (PubMed:16919458, PubMed:17043309). In response to growth factors, TORC2 phosphorylates and activates AGC protein kinase family members, such as Akt1 (PubMed:16919458, PubMed:17043309). Within the TORC2 complex, Sin1 acts as a substrate adapter which recognizes and binds AGC protein kinase family members for phosphorylation by mTor (By similarity).
(UniProt, Q9V719)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Sin1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V719)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Sin1-RA
FBtr0087487
NM_137119
2027
569
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Sin1-PA
FBpp0086616
64.2
569
7.21
Q9V719
NP_610963
AAF58247
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2).

(UniProt, Q9V719)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Sin1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.58

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of TORC2 complex
(Yang et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Sin1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Sin1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Sin1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\MAPKAP1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\SUV39H1
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\SUV39H2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Mapkap1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Suv39h1l1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Suv39h2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Mapkap1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Suv39h1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Suv39h2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\mapkap1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\mapkap1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\suv39h1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\suv39h1b
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\sinh-1
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008831
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\SUVR5
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\AVO1
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\sin1
4 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\clr4
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\anmK
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Sin1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    MAPKAP1; MAPK associated protein 1
    14 of 14
    610558
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Sin1
        suppressible
        mew|mys
        (Han et al., 2012)
        Sin1
        suppressible
        trc
        (Koike-Kumagai et al., 2009)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        brm
        suppressible
        Sin1
        (Tegeder et al., 2019)
        Pi3K92E|btl::Egfr
        suppressible
        Sin1
        (Read et al., 2009)
        Pink1
        enhanceable
        Sin1
        (Wu et al., 2013)
        Pink1
        suppressible
        Sin1
        (Wu et al., 2013)
        Rheb
        suppressible
        Sin1
        (Dimitroff et al., 2012)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Component of the target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2).
        (UniProt, Q9V719 )
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2R
        Recombination map
        2-71
        Cytogenetic map
        51A2-51A2
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        51A2-51A2
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Tfb106949&P{PZ}l(2)0356303563 and P{lacW}l(2)k16805k16805
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-71

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-75.5

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (7)
        Genomic Clones (23)
        cDNA Clones (28)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Phosphorylation of Akt1 protein at S505 is abolished in Kc167 cells that have been transfected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene show.

              (Frias et al., 2006)

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene used to treat S2 cells.

              (Yang et al., 2006)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: Sin1 CG10105

              (Frias et al., 2006)
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
              Datasets (1)
              Study focus (1)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              • bait_protein
              PPI_InR-Tor_interaction_map
              Interaction map generated by purification of insulin pathway factors, with identification of copurifying proteins by mass spectrometry.
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 40 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              References (60)