FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Kul
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Kul
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Kuzbanian-like
Annotation Symbol
CG1964
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0039688
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
neprilysin (3.4.24.11)
procollagen N-endopeptidase (3.4.24.14)
stromelysin 1 (3.4.24.17)
meprin A (3.4.24.18)
procollagen C-endopeptidase (3.4.24.19)
astacin (3.4.24.21)
stromelysin 2 (3.4.24.22)
matrilysin (3.4.24.23)
gelatinase A (3.4.24.24)
microbial collagenase (3.4.24.3)
neutrophil collagenase (3.4.24.34)
gelatinase B (3.4.24.35)
saccharolysin (3.4.24.37)
pitrilysin (3.4.24.55)
insulysin (3.4.24.56)
O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (3.4.24.57)
mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (3.4.24.59)
nardilysin (3.4.24.61)
macrophage elastase (3.4.24.65)
bontoxilysin (3.4.24.69)
interstitial collagenase (3.4.24.7)
oligopeptidase A (3.4.24.70)
endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (3.4.24.71)
fibrolase (3.4.24.72)
Gene Summary
Kuzbanian-like (Kul) encodes an ADAM metalloprotease involved in regulation of the Notch signaling pathway by cleaving the product of Delta. [Date last reviewed: 2019-07-11] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

ADAM10

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-99
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:29725830..29735360
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001590
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005236519
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005236519
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P78536
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001374824
involved_in proteolysis
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001590
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P78536
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005236519
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
metalloendopeptidase activity
Preferential cleavage of polypeptides between hydrophobic residues, particularly with Phe or Tyr at P1' (3.4.24.11)
Cleaves the N-propeptide of collagen chain alpha1(I) at Pro-|-Gln and of alpha1(II) and alpha2(I) at Ala-|-Gln (3.4.24.14)
Preferential cleavage where P1', P2' and P3' are hydrophobic residues (3.4.24.17)
Hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues (3.4.24.18)
Cleavage of the C-terminal propeptide at Ala-|-Asp in type I and II procollagens and at Arg-|-Asp in type III (3.4.24.19)
Hydrolysis of peptide bonds in substrates containing five or more amino acids, preferentially with Ala in P1', and Pro in P2' (3.4.24.21)
Similar to stromelysin 1, but action on collagen types III, IV and V is weak (3.4.24.22)
Cleavage of 14-Ala-|-Leu-15 and 16-Tyr-|-Leu-17 in B chain of insulin (3.4.24.23)
No action on collagen types I, II, IV, V (3.4.24.23)
Cleaves gelatin chain alpha2(I) > alpha1(I) (3.4.24.23)
Cleavage of gelatin type I and collagen types IV, V, VII, X (3.4.24.24)
Cleaves the collagen-like sequence Pro-Gln-Gly-|-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln (3.4.24.24)
Digestion of native collagen in the triple helical region at Xaa-|-Gly bonds (3.4.24.3)
With synthetic peptides, a preference is shown for Gly at P3 and P1', Pro and Ala at P2 and P2', and hydroxyproline, Ala or Arg at P3' (3.4.24.3)
Cleavage of interstitial collagens in the triple helical domain (3.4.24.34)
Unlike EC 3 (3.4.24.34)
24 (3.4.24.34)
7, this enzyme cleaves type III collagen more slowly than type I (3.4.24.34)
Cleavage of gelatin types I and V and collagen types IV and V (3.4.24.35)
Cleavage of Pro-|-Phe and Ala-|-Ala bonds (3.4.24.37)
Preferential cleavage of 16-Tyr-|-Leu-17 and 25-Phe-|-Tyr-26 bonds of oxidized insulin B chain (3.4.24.55)
Also acts on other substrates of Mw less than 7 kDa such as insulin and glucagon (3.4.24.55)
Degradation of insulin, glucagon and other polypeptides (3.4.24.56)
No action on proteins (3.4.24.56)
Hydrolysis of O-sialoglycoproteins (3.4.24.57)
Cleaves 31-Arg-|-Asp-32 bond in glycophorin A (3.4.24.57)
Does not cleave unglycosylated proteins, desialylated glycoproteins or glycoproteins that are only N-glycosylated (3.4.24.57)
Release of an N-terminal octapeptide as second stage of processing of some proteins imported into the mitochondrion (3.4.24.59)
Hydrolysis of polypeptides, preferably at -Xaa-|-Arg-Lys-, and less commonly at -Arg-|-Arg-Xaa-, in which Xaa is not Arg or Lys (3.4.24.61)
Hydrolysis of soluble and insoluble elastin (3.4.24.65)
Specific cleavages are also produced at 14-Ala-|-Leu-15 and 16-Tyr-|-Leu-17 in the B chain of insulin (3.4.24.65)
Limited hydrolysis of proteins of the neuroexocytosis apparatus, synaptobrevins, SNAP25 or syntaxin (3.4.24.69)
No detected action on small molecule substrates (3.4.24.69)
Cleavage of the triple helix of collagen at about three-quarters of the length of the molecule from the N-terminus, at 775-Gly-|-Ile-776 in the alpha1(I) chain (3.4.24.7)
Cleaves synthetic substrates and alpha-macroglobulins at bonds where P1' is a hydrophobic residue (3.4.24.7)
Hydrolysis of oligopeptides, with broad specificity (3.4.24.70)
Gly or Ala commonly occur as P1 or P1' residues, but more distant residues are also important, as is shown by the fact that Z-Gly-Pro-Gly-|-Gly-Pro-Ala is cleaved, but not Z-(Gly)(5) (3.4.24.70)
Hydrolysis of the 21-Trp-|-Val-22 bond in big endothelin to form endothelin 1 (3.4.24.71)
Hydrolysis of 14-Ala-|-Leu-15 in insulin B chain and 413-Lys-|-Leu-414 in alpha-chain of fibrinogen (3.4.24.72)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Kuzbanian-like (Kul) encodes an ADAM metalloprotease involved in regulation of the Notch signaling pathway by cleaving the product of Delta. [Date last reviewed: 2019-07-11]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ADAM METALLOPROTEASES -
A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) proteins belong to the metzincin superfamily of metalloproteases. ADAM proteins are characterized by a highly conserved domain organization that generally includes a prodomain, metalloprotease domain, disintegrin-like domain, cysteine rich domain, EGF-like domain, transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. The metalloprotease domain is attributed to a process known as ectodomain shedding in which it cleaves at cell surfaces to release the ectodomains of membrane proteins. ADAM proteases are included in MEROPS family M12, subfamily B. (Adapted from FBrf0214506 and FBrf0211961).
Pathway (FlyBase)
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF NOTCH SIGNALING PATHWAY -
The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Positive regulators of the pathway enhance the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Kul for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VAI2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Multiphase exon postulated: exon reading frame differs in alternative transcripts.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0085460
7577
1537
FBtr0339717
7623
1537
FBtr0339718
7650
985
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0084826
168.8
1537
9.47
FBpp0308774
168.8
1537
9.47
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1537 aa isoforms: Kul-PA, Kul-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Kul using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.83

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Kul in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Kul
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Kul
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (39)
6 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (36)
5 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (40)
6 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (25)
4 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (20)
7 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
5 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (9)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Kul. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (7)
4 of 13
4 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-99
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    99B9-99B9
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0674306743 and P{PZ}ncd05884
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (9)
    Genomic Clones (13)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (16)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                References (54)