FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\RfC4
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\RfC4
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Replication factor C subunit 4
Annotation Symbol
CG14999
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0260985
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Summary
The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activator 1. Subunit 2 binds ATP. (UniProt, P53034)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

RfC40, l(3)e20, DmRFC4, l(3)64Ai

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
64A7-64A7
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-10
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:4134860..4136038
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Krause et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003959
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables ATP hydrolysis activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003959
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008921
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
contributes_to DNA clamp loader activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000186209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005454
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA damage checkpoint signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Krause et al., 2001)
involved_in DNA replication checkpoint signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Krause et al., 2001)
involved_in DNA replication
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Krause et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA repair
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000186209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
traceable author statement
(Mossi et al., 1997)
involved_in DNA replication
traceable author statement
(Mossi et al., 1997)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008921
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication
traceable author statement
(Mossi et al., 1997)
involved_in DNA-templated DNA replication
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000186208
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in leading strand elongation
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005454
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in sister chromatid cohesion
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005454
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Elg1 RFC-like complex
inferred from direct assay
(Huang et al., 2016)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Krause et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of DNA replication factor C complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000186209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005454
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001705380
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family. (P53034)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
ATP hydrolysis activity
RHEA 13065:
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ELG1 COMPLEX -
The Elg1 complex (Elg1-C) is a pentameric replication factor C (RFC)-like complex. Elg1-C unloads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from chromatin. (Adapted from FBrf0232456).
RFC COMPLEX ATPASES -
Replication factor C (RFC) complexes act as loaders or unloaders of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (or related sliding clamp complexes) during DNA replication- and/or repair-linked processes. The classic RFC1-RFC complex (comprising RFC1 and four smaller subunits, RFC2-5) and Ctf18-RFC (in which RFC1 is substituted with Ctf1 and two other smaller proteins) fundamentally function as PCNA loaders. Rad17-RFC (in which RFC1 is substituted with Rad17) loads the PCNA-like hetero-trimeric 9-1-1 complex at damaged DNA sites. On the other hand, Elg1-RFC (in which RFC1 is substituted for Elg1) functions as a PCNA unloader, removing PCNA from chromatin after DNA synthesis. RFC1-5, Ctf1, Rad17 and Elg1 belong to the AAA+ ATPase family. (Adapted from PMID:28134787.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activator 1. Subunit 2 binds ATP.
(UniProt, P53034)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(3)SG13
Homozygous larvae contain rudimentary imaginal discs, but disc primordia do not grow during larval development; testes and ovaries smaller than normal, and cell number in central nervous system reduced. Mutant gonads do not survive metamorphosis when implanted into wild-type larvae. Homozygous cuticular clones appear to develop normally. Mutant larvae support growth of implanted wild-type discs. Normal gene product postulated to be required for cell proliferation; survival of somatic epidermal clones attributed to perdurance. Larval ganglia exhibit extremely low mitotic index; chromosomes irregularly condensed; extensive chromosome fragmentation observed frequently (Gatti and Baker, 1989, Genes Dev. 3: 438-53); salivary chromosomes appear normal.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\RfC4 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P53034)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
RfC4-RA
FBtr0073264
NM_079191
1127
331
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
RfC4-PA
FBpp0073120
37.2
331
7.82
P53034
NP_523915
AAF47843
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

331 (aa); 40 (kD observed)

(Harrison et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heteropentamer of subunits of 140/145, 40, 38, 37, and 36.5 kDa that forms a complex with PCNA in the presence of ATP.

(UniProt, P53034)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\RfC4 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.26

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
optic lobe neuroepithelial cell
(Wang et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
larval neuroblast

Comment: proliferating neuroblasts

(Krause et al., 2001)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
(Harrison et al., 1995)
larval stage
organism
(Krause et al., 2001)
Additional Descriptive Data

RfC4 protein is distributed in zones of proliferation in the larval central nervous system.

(Krause et al., 2001)

RfC4 protein is detected throughout embryogenesis on Western blots. It is detected in the nuclei of blastoderm stage embryos.

(Harrison et al., 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Elg1 RFC-like complex
inferred from direct assay
(Huang et al., 2016)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Krause et al., 2001)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\RfC4 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of RfC4
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of RfC4
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | dominant
abnormal mitotic cell cycle
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal size
abnormal size | larval stage
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
anaphase & condensed nuclear chromosome
cell cycle
chaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
chromosome
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
imaginal disc
imaginal disc | larval stage
larval brain
larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
metaphase & condensed nuclear chromosome
mitosis & nuclear chromosome
polytene chromosome
polytene chromosome band
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (10)
Hsap\RFC2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\RFC5
5 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RFC4
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RFC3
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CDC6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CHTF18
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ORC1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RAD17
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RFC1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\WRNIP1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\Rfc2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Rfc5
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rfc4
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rfc3
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cdc6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Orc1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Orc4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rad17
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Wrnip1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (9)
Mmus\Rfc2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Rfc5
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rfc4
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rfc3
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cdc6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Orc1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Orc4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rad17
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Wrnip1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)
Xtro\rfc2
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rfc4
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rfc3
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rfc5
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\chtf18
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\orc1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\wrnip1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zfp36l2.1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)
Drer\rfc2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\rfc5
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\rfc3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rfc4
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cdc6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\orc1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\orc4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rad17
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\wrnip1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)
Cele\rfc-2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\F44B9.8
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\rfc-4
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\rfc-3
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdc-6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\ctf-18
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\hpr-17
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mdt-30
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\orc-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rfc-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (10)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007477
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003093
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005144
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009047
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001290
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004957
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005176
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007769
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008673
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008869
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (19)
Atha\RFC2
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\RFC3
5 of 13
No
No
Atha\EMB1968
4 of 13
No
No
Atha\EMB2775
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G14460
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G18820
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G24790
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G45720
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\STI
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G07270
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G24290
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G77620
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ATRAD17
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CDC6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CTF18
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ORC1A
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ORC1B
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ORC4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RFC1
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (10)
Scer\RFC4
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\RFC3
4 of 13
No
No
Scer\RFC2
3 of 13
No
No
Scer\RFC5
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\CDC6
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\CTF18
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\MGS1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\ORC1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\RAD24
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\RFC1
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (8)
Spom\rfc4
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\rfc3
4 of 12
No
No
Spom\rfc2
3 of 12
No
No
Spom\rfc5
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\cdc18
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\orc1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\rad17
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPAC26H5.02c
1 of 12
No
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (3)
Ecol\dnaX
2 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\holB
2 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\rarA
2 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:RfC4. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (8)
RfC3
8 of 13
CG8142
7 of 13
RfC38
6 of 13
Cdc6
1 of 13
cutlet
1 of 13
Gnf1
1 of 13
Orc1
1 of 13
Rad17
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    RFC2; replication factor C subunit 2
    14 of 14
    600404
        RFC5; replication factor C subunit 5
        5 of 14
        600407
             
            RFC4; replication factor C subunit 4
            4 of 14
            102577
              RFC3; replication factor C subunit 3
              3 of 14
              600405
                  Functional Complementation Data
                  Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                  Interactions
                  Summary of Physical Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                  Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                  protein-protein
                  Physical Interaction
                  Assay
                  References
                  RfC4 - Br140
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                  (Huang et al., 2016)
                  RfC4 - CG15047
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - CG8142
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - Dsor1
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                  (Friedman et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - Gnf1
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - Irbp
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - Ku80
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - MED4
                  two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                  (Tang et al., 2023, Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
                  RfC4 - Nup93-1
                  two hybrid
                  (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
                  RfC4 - Parp1
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - RPA2
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - RfC3
                  two hybrid, experimental knowledge based
                  (Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - Sumo
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, covalent binding, anti tag western blot
                  (Nie et al., 2009)
                  RfC4 - TFAM
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - elg1
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                  (Huang et al., 2016)
                  RfC4 - flfl
                  pull down, autoradiography, Identification by mass spectrometry
                  (Karman et al., 2020)
                  RfC4 - hbn
                  experimental knowledge based
                  (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                  RfC4 - p38a
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                  (Belozerov et al., 2012)
                  RfC4 - p38b
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
                  (Belozerov et al., 2012)
                  RfC4 - rictor
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                  (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
                  RfC4 - sima
                  anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
                  (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
                  Summary of Genetic Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                  Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  cutlet
                  enhanceable
                  RfC4
                  (Jaffe and Jongens, 2001)
                  External Data
                  Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                  Heteropentamer of subunits of 140/145, 40, 38, 37, and 36.5 kDa that forms a complex with PCNA in the presence of ATP.
                  (UniProt, P53034 )
                  Linkouts
                  BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Pathways
                  Class of Gene
                  Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                  Chromosome (arm)
                  3L
                  Recombination map
                  3-10
                  Cytogenetic map
                  64A7-64A7
                  Sequence location
                  FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Evidence for location
                  64A7-64A7
                  Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rG166rG166 and P{PZ}sinu06524
                  Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Notes
                  References
                  64A10-64A11
                  (Harrison, 1994.10.14)
                  64A10-64A11
                  (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                  (Harrison et al., 1995)
                  Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                  Location

                  3-10

                  (FlyBase, 2016)

                  3-8.9

                  (Comeron et al., 2012)

                  3-

                  (Harrison, 1994.10.14)

                  3-25.9

                  (Gatti and Baker, 1989)
                  Left of (cM)
                  Right of (cM)
                  Notes
                  Stocks and Reagents
                  Stocks (9)
                  Genomic Clones (13)
                   

                  Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                  cDNA Clones (34)
                   

                  Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                  cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                    BDGP DGC clones
                    Other clones
                    RNAi and Array Information
                    Linkouts
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    Antibody Information
                    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                     

                    monoclonal

                    (Harrison et al., 1995)
                    Commercially Available Antibodies
                     
                    Cell Line Information
                    Publicly Available Cell Lines
                     
                      Other Stable Cell Lines
                       
                        Other Comments

                        Identified with: GH24992 <up>FlyBase curator comment: EST subsequently found to be chimeric</up>.

                        (Zou et al., 2000)

                        Candidate gene for tibia length quantitative trait locus.

                        (Macdonald and Goldstein, 1999)

                        EST GH24992 is chimeric; the 5' portion (AI405079) corresponds to part of SP2637, the 3' portion (BG633345) corresponds to part of RfC40.

                        (FlyBase, 1996-)

                        Clonal analysis demonstrates disc proliferation is reduced in mutant individuals. Discussed during genetic analysis of the Ras64B-Rop region.

                        (Harrison et al., 1995)
                        Relationship to Other Genes
                        Source for database merge of

                        Source for merge of: l(3)dsl1 l(3)SG13

                        (Shearn, 1995.5.3)

                        Source for merge of: RfC4 RfC40 l(3)SG13

                        (Krause et al., 2001)
                        Additional comments
                        Nomenclature History
                        Source for database identify of
                        Nomenclature comments
                        Etymology
                        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (26)
                        Reported As
                        Symbol Synonym
                        154910_at
                        (Kristensen et al., 2005)
                        BEST:GH24992
                        CG14999
                        (Çiçek et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Suyari et al., 2012, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hughes et al., 2008, Gandhi et al., 2007, Krause et al., 2001)
                        DmRFC4
                        (Krause et al., 2001, Krause et al., 1999)
                        RFC40
                        (Suyari et al., 2012)
                        RfC2
                        (Nie et al., 2009)
                        RfC4
                        (Tang et al., 2023, Sureka and Mishra, 2021, Williams et al., 2020, Hall et al., 2018, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Moshkin et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Belozerov et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Avet-Rochex et al., 2010, Fisher et al., 2008)
                        RfC40
                        (Neumüller et al., 2011, Iijima et al., 2010, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010, Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Somma et al., 2008, Cayirlioglu et al., 2003)
                        Rfc4
                        (Wang et al., 2021, Karman et al., 2020, Völker-Albert et al., 2016, Krause et al., 2001)
                        Rfc40
                        (Clements et al., 2003, Orian et al., 2003)
                        l(3)64Ai
                        (Clements et al., 2003, Harrison et al., 1995)
                        l(3)A1
                        l(3)Rfc4
                        (Krause et al., 2001)
                        l(3)SG13
                        l(3)SH17
                        (Harrison et al., 1995)
                        l(3)dsl-1
                        (Cohen, 1993)
                        l(3)dsl1
                        l(3)e20
                        (Krause et al., 2001, Heck and Krause, 1997, Krause and Heck, 1996, Gatti and Baker, 1989, Ripoll et al., 1987)
                        l(3)rfc40
                        (Jaffe and Jongens, 2001)
                        rfc
                        (Harrison et al., 1994)
                        rfc4
                        (Dobie et al., 2001)
                        rfc40
                        (Tsuchiya et al., 2007, Harrison, 1994.10.14)
                        rfc40
                        (Harrison, 1999.5.12)
                        Name Synonyms
                        Replication factor C subunit 4
                        (Wang et al., 2013)
                        Replication-factor-C 40kD subunit
                        lethal (3) SG13
                        Secondary FlyBase IDs
                        • FBgn0026776
                        • FBgn0002460
                        • FBgn0004708
                        • FBgn0015287
                        • FBgn0043808
                        Datasets (0)
                        Study focus (0)
                        Experimental Role
                        Project
                        Project Type
                        Title
                        Study result (0)
                        Result
                        Result Type
                        Title
                        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 61 )
                        Sequence Crossreferences
                        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                        Other crossreferences
                        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                        Linkouts
                        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                        References (96)