FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Ns3
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ns3
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Nucleostemin 3
Annotation Symbol
CG14788
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0266284
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
11 publicly available
Gene Summary
GTPase required for the nuclear export of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Probably acts by mediating the release of Nmd3 from the 60S ribosomal subunit after export into the cytoplasm. Regulator of body size; acts in serotonergic neurons to regulate insulin signaling and thus exerts global growth control. (UniProt, Q9W590)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(1)BA11, EG:BACN32G11.5 , l(1)G0431, l(1)2Ad

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
2A4-2A4
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-0.2
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:1461844..1464220
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables GTPase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Hartl et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables GTP binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9H089
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006073, InterPro:IPR030378
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables GTPase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002476457
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR043358
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kaplan et al., 2008)
involved_in ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hartl et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in nuclear export
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9H089
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in ribosomal subunit export from nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000119890
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Hartl et al., 2013, Kaplan et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in Cajal body
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9H089
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000119850
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9H089
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. LSG1 subfamily. (Q9W590)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
GTPase activity
RHEA 19669:
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
YLQF/YAWG GTPASES -
The YlqF/YawG GTPases are a family of GTPases characterized by a circularly permuted order of GTPase motifs within the GTP-binding domain. These are involved in ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation, or cell growth. (Adapted from FBrf0209157 and PMID:21205822).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
GTPase required for the nuclear export of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Probably acts by mediating the release of Nmd3 from the 60S ribosomal subunit after export into the cytoplasm. Regulator of body size; acts in serotonergic neurons to regulate insulin signaling and thus exerts global growth control.
(UniProt, Q9W590)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ns3 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W590)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Ns3-RA
FBtr0070297
NM_130559
2040
606
Ns3-RB
FBtr0339578
NM_001297850
2176
606
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Ns3-PA
FBpp0070284
70.2
606
7.77
Q9W590
NP_569915
AAF45628
Ns3-PB
FBpp0308653
70.2
606
7.77
Q9W590
NP_001284779
AHN59250
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

606 aa isoforms: Ns3-PA, Ns3-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Domain

In contrast to other GTP-binding proteins, this family is characterized by a circular permutation of the GTPase motifs described by a G4-G1-G3 pattern.

(UniProt, Q9W590)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ns3 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.33

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
first instar larval stage
dopaminergic neuron
(Hartl et al., 2013)
second instar larval stage
proventriculus
(Hartl et al., 2013)
embryonic/larval middle midgut
(Hartl et al., 2013)
adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S8
nurse cell
(Hartl et al., 2013)
follicle cell
(Hartl et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Hartl et al., 2013, Kaplan et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ns3 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ns3
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ns3
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 17 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
cell lethal | germline clone
lethal
lethal | female (with Df(1)BSC719)
lethal | female | recessive
lethal | male (with Df(1)BSC719)
lethal | male (with Ns3A60)
lethal | male (with Ns3G0431)
lethal | male (with Ns3VE795)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die | female
partially lethal - majority die | female (with Ns3A60)
partially lethal - majority die | female (with Ns3G0431)
partially lethal - majority die | female (with Ns3VE795)
partially lethal - majority die | male
partially lethal - majority live | male
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
abnormal developmental rate | female (with Ns3A60)
abnormal developmental rate | female (with Ns3G0431)
abnormal developmental rate | female (with Ns3VE795)
abnormal developmental rate | male
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4c564
decreased body size
decreased body size, with Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
decreased body size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PR
decreased body size | female (with Ns3A60)
decreased body size | female (with Ns3G0431)
decreased body size | female (with Ns3VE795)
decreased cell number
decreased cell size
decreased cell size | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
Minute | female (with Ns3A60)
Minute | female (with Ns3G0431)
Minute | female (with Ns3VE795)
some die during larval stage
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
chaeta | female (with Ns3A60)
chaeta | female (with Ns3G0431)
chaeta | female (with Ns3VE795)
eye
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
ommatidium
salivary gland | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
sarcomere, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wing
Z disc, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (7)
Hsap\LSG1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\GNL1
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GNL2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GNL3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GNL3L
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MTG1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NOA1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Lsg1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Gnl1
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gnl2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gnl3l
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gnl3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Mtg1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Noa1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
Mmus\Lsg1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gnl1
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gnl2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gnl3l
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gnl3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Mtg1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Noa1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\lsg1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\acss1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gnl1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gnl3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mcub
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mtg1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\usp10
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\lsg1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gnl1
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\gnl3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gnl3l
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\mtg1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\drg1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gnl2
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\C53H9.2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\nst-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\mtg-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\ngp-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011471
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008330
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004514
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004736
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011309
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010271
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (12)
Atha\AT1G08410
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT2G27200
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT2G41670
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G10650
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AtNug2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\EMB3129
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\NSN1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G72660
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G10620
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\BPG2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\DRG1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NOA1
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (6)
Scer\LSG1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
1  
Scer\MTG1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\NOG2
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\NUG1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\GEP3
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\MSS1
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)
Spom\SPAC3F10.16c
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\grn1
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\mtg1
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPAC6F6.03c
2 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\der
1 of 11
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ns3. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
Ns4
6 of 13
Ns1
4 of 13
Ns2
4 of 13
CG17141
3 of 13
CG10914
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    LSG1; large 60S subunit nuclear export GTPase 1
    14 of 14
    610780
        GNL1; G protein nucleolar 1
        4 of 14
        143024
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Linkouts
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            X
            Recombination map
            1-0.2
            Cytogenetic map
            2A4-2A4
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            2A4-2A4
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}futschEP1419 and P{EP}brEP1515
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            2A-2A
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            1-0.2

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            1-0.1

            (Comeron et al., 2012)

            1-[0.4]

            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (11)
            Genomic Clones (12)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (26)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            polyclonal

            (Hartl et al., 2013)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                The l(1)2Ad locus is subject to T(1;2)dorvar7 position effect variegation.

                (Demakova et al., 1988)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: l(1)G0431 CG14788

                (Peter et al., 2002)

                Source for merge of: Ns3 l(1)2Ad

                (Hartl et al., 2013)
                Additional comments

                l(1)BA12 arbitrarily assigned to the l(1)2Ad locus by Lindsley and Zimm (1992) on the basis of its localization to the right of Dp(1;f)101 and to the left of sta.

                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: Ns3 ns3

                (FlyBase, 2009-)

                Source for identity of: ns3 l(1)G0431

                (Kaplan et al., 2008)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology

                Named "Ns3" after the human ortholog.

                (FlyBase, 2009-)
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 39 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                References (60)