FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\grk[3]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\grk³

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0257023

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\grk

Associated Insertion(s)

roo{}grk³

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

grk^HK, grk^HK36

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1996, Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991, Schupbach, 1987)

Progenitor genotype

Associated Insertion(s)

roo{}grk³

Cytology

Description

A 432bp insertion homologous to a fragment of the roo element is inserted at bp2336.

(Thio et al., 2000)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

transposable_element_insertion_site

2L:8,431,781..8,431,781 [-]

(Thio et al., 2000)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

female sterile

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991)

female sterile | recessive

(Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993)

lethal | maternal effect

(Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1994)

lethal | maternal effect | recessive

(Roth and Schupbach, 1994)

Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Stage 12 grk³/grk^2B6 mutant egg chambers lack dorsal appendages.

(Atkey et al., 2006)

Mutant females produce eggs with strongly ventralised chorions.

(Alvarado et al., 2004)

About half of heterozygotes show a weak dorsal appendage phenotype where the two appendages are closer together than in wild-type. Stronger dorsal appendage phenotypes are occasionally seen.

(Lei and Warrior, 2000)

grk⁶/grk³ females produce weakly ventralized egg chambers. Eggs laid have lost their dorsalmost fates and have a single medially fused dorsal appendage.

(Peri et al., 1999)

Eggs derived from fs(1)K10^unspecified; grk³/+ females show a broad spectrum of phenotypes ranging from completely dorsalised to completely ventralised.

(Ghabrial et al., 1998)

Dorsal appendages are missing and there is no evidence of dorso-ventral polarity.

(Wasserman and Freeman, 1998)

Homozygous eggs completely lack dorsal appendages.

(Dobens et al., 1997)

Homozygous females display fused egg chambers and gaps in the follicular epithelium, females lay completely ventralised eggs. Eggs derived from heterozygous mothers show slight haploinsufficiency for dorsal-ventral patterning of the follicular epithelium. Eggs derived from brn^l.6P6/brn⁺; grk³/grk⁺ females show an intermediate to strong fused dorsal appendage phenotype that is indistinguishable from eggs laid by brn females.

(Goode et al., 1996)

Ventralised egg chambers. Egg chambers become elongated in shape, dorsal appendages fuse and shrink and the number of main body follicle cells increases.

(Hsu et al., 1996)

Almost no eggs laid by heterozygous females display a fused dorsal appendage phenotype.

(Swan and Suter, 1996)

Posterior follicle cells show an abnormal shape and behaviour.

(Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1995)

Strong allele.

(Haenlin et al., 1995)

Weak and intermediate ventralised embryos. orb^F343 and orb^dec interact genetically with grk, double heterozygote embryos display fused dorsal appendages.

(Christerson and McKearin, 1994)

Females heterozygous for grk³ produce 80-90% wild type eggs.

(Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1994)

grk³/grk⁶ causes strong ventralization of embryos: 71% of eggs have reduced and 22% of eggs have no dorsal appendages. 2% of the eggs contain embryos.

(Roth and Schupbach, 1994)

Eggs laid by homozygous females have no dorsal appendages. The egg chamber in homozygous females is elongated and the anteriorly located follicle cells fail to migrate, resulting in a thin and regular sheet of follicle cells around the oocyte. grk³ homozygous females also heterozygous or homozygous for fs(1)K10¹³ or fs(1)K10¹ produce eggs with a ventralised phenotype. fs(1)K10¹³ homozygous females also heterozygous for grk³ produce eggs with a range of phenotypes, from that of fs(1)K10¹³ homozygotes to almost wild-type. Approximately 70% of the eggs produce an intermediate phenotype with two dorsal appendages that are located at the very anterior end of the egg. The embryos derived from these eggs also show a range of phenotypes, from a dorsalised to an almost wild-type cuticle. Rescue always occurs first at the posterior end of the embryo, with the cephalic structures being the last to differentiate normally and often being everted.

(Forlani et al., 1993)

Embryos from double mutants with sqd^ix43 are weakly ventralised.

(Kelley, 1993)

Follicular epithelium of mutant egg chambers has holes.

(Goode et al., 1992)

Reduction or absence of dorsal appendages (ventralization) with increase in main body egg shell. Micropyle at both ends of eggs, embryos ventralized.

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991)

An enlarged mass of mesodermal cells invaginates on the ventral side of the embryo, the enlarged mesoderm is often organised into two ventral furrows. Organisation is lost in later stages of development and a mass of mesodermal cells fills the ventral half of the embryo. Respiratory appendages are completely absent and only the ventral most portion of the operculum is present.

(Schupbach, 1987)

phenotype of eggs and embryos: intermediate and strong

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

grk³ is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^ey.PH, brm^{K804R.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Armstrong et al., 2005)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

grk³/grk^2B6 is a suppressor of increased cell number phenotype of Dis3²/Dis3^G5039

(Snee et al., 2016)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

grk³ is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^ey.PH, brm^{K804R.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Armstrong et al., 2005)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

grk³ has dorsal appendage phenotype, enhanceable by Lis-1^k11702

(Lei and Warrior, 2000)

grk³ has dorsal appendage phenotype, enhanceable by Lis-1^3.1.2

(Lei and Warrior, 2000)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

grk³/grk[+] is an enhancer of egg chorion phenotype of Ras85D^ix12a

(Schnorr et al., 2001)

grk³/grk[+] is an enhancer of embryonic epidermis phenotype of cact^E10

(Wakabayashi-Ito et al., 2001)

grk³ is an enhancer of egg chorion phenotype of Ras85D^ix12a

(Schnorr and Berg, 1996)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

grk³ is a non-enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^ey.PH, brm^{K804R.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Armstrong et al., 2005)

grk³ is a non-enhancer of embryonic epidermis phenotype of fus¹

(Wakabayashi-Ito et al., 2001)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

grk³/grk^2B6 is a suppressor of follicle cell | increased number phenotype of Dis3²/Dis3^G5039

(Snee et al., 2016)

grk³ is a suppressor | partially of dorsal appendage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^55B, rho^UAS.cGa

(Sapir et al., 1998)

grk³ is a suppressor | partially of ventral denticle belt phenotype of Scer\GAL4^55B, rho^UAS.cGa

(Sapir et al., 1998)

grk³ is a suppressor | partially of larval dorsal hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4^55B, rho^UAS.cGa

(Sapir et al., 1998)

grk³ is a suppressor of phenotype of fs(1)K10^unspecified

(Haenlin et al., 1995)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

grk³/grk^2B6 is a non-suppressor of dorsal appendage phenotype of cic^fet-U6/cic^fet-T6

(Atkey et al., 2006)

grk³/grk^2B6 is a non-suppressor of egg phenotype of cic^fet-U6/cic^fet-T6

(Atkey et al., 2006)

grk³ is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^ey.PH, brm^{K804R.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Armstrong et al., 2005)

grk³/grk[+] is a non-suppressor of egg chorion phenotype of Egfr::kek1^{KEΔCG.UAS.GFP}, Scer\GAL4^CY2

(Alvarado et al., 2004)

Other

Statement

Reference

da², grk³/grk[+] has follicle cell phenotype

(Smith et al., 2002)

da², grk³ has follicle cell phenotype

(Smith et al., 2002)

brn^l.6P6, grk³ has dorsal appendage phenotype

(Goode et al., 1996)

BicD^r8, grk³/grk[+] has dorsal appendage phenotype

(Swan and Suter, 1996)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

grk³/grk^2B6 suppresses the over proliferation of posterior follicle cells in Dis3^G5039/Dis3² egg chambers.

(Snee et al., 2016)

Stage 12 grk³/grk^2B6 ; cic^fet-U6/cic^fet-T6 double mutant egg chambers lack dorsal appendages (characteristic of loss of grk), but retain a pronounced collar of appendage material, indicating that loss of grk cannot suppress the cic phenotype.

(Atkey et al., 2006)

The dorsalised chorion phenotype caused by expression of Egfr::kek1^{KEΔCG.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^CY2 is not suppressed if the flies are also heterozygous for grk³.

(Alvarado et al., 2004)

S^48-5/grk³ mutants show 3.14%+-2.58 misrotated ommatidia compared to 9.55%+-1.43 seen in S^48-5 mutants alone.

(Gaengel and Mlodzik, 2003)

Homozygous females that are also heterozygous for grk³ show an enhancement of the eggshell phenotype.

(Schnorr et al., 2001)

The addition of Lis-1^3.1.2 or Lis-1^k11702 enhances the dorsal appendage phenotype seen in grk³/ flies.

(Lei and Warrior, 2000)

fs(1)K10¹; grk³ double mutant females produce eggs with ventralised eggshells and embryos.

(Schnorr and Berg, 1996)

Eggs from most BicD^r8 and grk³ transheterozygotes display a fused dorsal appendage phenotype.

(Swan and Suter, 1996)

Partly corrects the misorientation of the dorsoventral and anteroposterior axes relative to one another seen in fs(1)K10^unspecified embryos.

(Haenlin et al., 1995)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (2)

Bloomington

4713

grk³ cn¹ bw¹ speck¹/CyO

Kyoto

107841

grk³ cn¹ bw¹ speck¹/CyO

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Strong grk allele.

(Schupbach, 1987)

Strong mutation.

(Goode et al., 1996)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (4)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

grk-HK36

(Gaengel and Mlodzik, 2003)

grk³

(Snee et al., 2016, Assaker et al., 2010, Christensen and Cook, 2006.8.30, FlyBase, 1992-)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBal0005211
FBal0190634

References (63)

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