FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Fer1HCH
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Fer1HCH
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ferritin 1 heavy chain homologue
Annotation Symbol
CG2216
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0015222
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
ferroxidase (1.16.3.1)
Gene Summary
Ferritin 1 heavy chain homologue (Fer1HCH) encodes one of two subunits of the major iron storage complex, the ferritin molecule. In insects, ferritin is assembled from 12 Fer1HCH and 12 Fer2LCH subunits and can be found in the secretory pathway of cells and in hemolymph. The product of Fer1HCH has ferroxidase activity required for iron loading into ferritin and is essential for embryogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

FerHCH, ferritin, ferritin heavy chain, l(3)00451, Fer1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-100
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:30385573..30388178
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000153092
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001519, InterPro:IPR008331
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000153092
non-traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in response to fungus
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
involved_in sleep
inferred from expression pattern
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001519
non-traceable author statement
involved_in iron ion transport
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001519
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from high throughput direct assay
inferred from direct assay
located_in fusome
inferred from direct assay
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ferritin family. (Q7KRU8)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
ferroxidase activity
4 Fe(2+) + O2 + 4 H(+) = 4 Fe(3+) + 2 H2O (1.16.3.1)
RHEA 11148:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ferritin 1 heavy chain homologue (Fer1HCH) encodes one of two subunits of the major iron storage complex, the ferritin molecule. In insects, ferritin is assembled from 12 Fer1HCH and 12 Fer2LCH subunits and can be found in the secretory pathway of cells and in hemolymph. The product of Fer1HCH has ferroxidase activity required for iron loading into ferritin and is essential for embryogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
FERRITINS -
Ferritins (FER) function as main iron storage proteins and regulate iron homeostasis. Cytoplasmic ferritin is a heteropolymer of heavy and light chain subunits encoded by Fer1HCH and Fer2LCH, respectively. Mitochondrial ferritin exists as a homopolymer of Fer3HCH proteins. Heavy chain homologs (Fer1HCH and Fer3HCH) have ferroxidase activity, essential for the incorporation of iron into the ferritin shell. Light chain homologs (Fer2LCH) play a role in the nucleation of the ferritin iron cores. (Adapted from FBrf0190848 and PMID:20230873).
FERROXIDASES -
Ferroxidases are a group of oxidoreductases that catalyze the oxidation of ferrous (Fe+2) iron to ferric (Fe+3) iron.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form (By similarity) (PubMed:23771129). Important for iron homeostasis (By similarity) (PubMed:23064556, PubMed:23771129). Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation (By similarity) (PubMed:17603097, PubMed:23771129). Ferritin is composed of a heavy (H) chain which is responsible for the oxidation and uptake of ferrous iron, and a light (L) chain which facilitates the nucleation of the ferrihydrite iron core (PubMed:23771129). Required for dietary iron absorption in the midgut (PubMed:23064556). Involved in tissue iron detoxification by exporting excess iron (PubMed:23064556). Functions as an antioxidant and protects the developing organs from cell-mediated ferroptosis (PubMed:31568497). Required for embryo and larval development (PubMed:26192321). Plays a role in blood cell (haemocyte) differentiation in the lymph gland at the larval stage (PubMed:29237257). May also store Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) and thus may play a role in zinc and manganese homeostasis (PubMed:23771129).
(UniProt, Q7KRU8)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

iron storage proteins; ferroxidase and iron core nucleation- combines three functions: iron storage, intercellular iron transport, and protection from iron-induced oxidative stress

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
9
Number of Unique Polypeptides
5

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Fer1HCH for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7KRU8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 6.61

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0085631
1677
205
FBtr0085632
1135
205
FBtr0085633
1171
205
FBtr0085634
1187
205
FBtr0085635
1197
121
FBtr0306587
1000
242
FBtr0306588
1246
242
FBtr0332170
1009
245
FBtr0344763
1526
169
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0084995
23.1
205
5.67
FBpp0084996
23.1
205
5.67
FBpp0084997
23.1
205
5.67
FBpp0084998
23.1
205
5.67
FBpp0084999
13.6
121
7.42
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

242 aa isoforms: Fer1HCH-PF, Fer1HCH-PG
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Oligomer of 12 light (L) chains and 12 heavy (H) chains; L and H chains are disulfide-linked (PubMed:23771129, PubMed:9266686). The functional molecule forms a roughly spherical shell with a diameter of 12 nm and contains a central cavity into which the insoluble ferric iron core is deposited (PubMed:23771129).

(UniProt, Q7KRU8)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Fer1HCH using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.39

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Fer1HCH is enriched about two-fold in the gut and Malpighian tubules.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from high throughput direct assay
inferred from direct assay
located_in fusome
inferred from direct assay
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{PZ}Fer1HCH00451
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Fer1HCH in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 39 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Fer1HCH
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Fer1HCH
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (6)
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
2  
6 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (21)
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (14)
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)
5 of 13
Yes
No
4 of 13
No
No
4 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (12)
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
6 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
6 of 13
Yes
No
6 of 13
Yes
No
6 of 13
Yes
No
6 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)
7 of 11
Yes
No
5 of 11
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Fer1HCH. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
8 of 13
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Oligomer of 12 light (L) chains and 12 heavy (H) chains; L and H chains are disulfide-linked (PubMed:23771129, PubMed:9266686). The functional molecule forms a roughly spherical shell with a diameter of 12 nm and contains a central cavity into which the insoluble ferric iron core is deposited (PubMed:23771129).
    (UniProt, Q7KRU8 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-100
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    99F2-99F2
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    99F1-99F2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    99F-99F
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (29)
    Genomic Clones (13)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (289)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        Iron availability alters the distribution of different Fer1HCH RNA alternative splice variants.

        Conserved ferritin PCR primers are used to isolate a cDNA clone that contains the complete coding sequence for a ferritin subunit. Additional 5' sequence obtained by RACE method reveals the presence of a putative iron regulatory element. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a signal sequence that closely resembles the sequence from A.aegypti ferritin.

        Encodes the 25kD and 26kD ferritin subunits.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: Fer1HCH l(3)00451 l(3)j10B4

        Source for merge of: Fer1HCH BEST:LD36673

        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (38)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        BEST:LD36673
        Fer1HCH
        (Celle et al., 2026, Faruk et al., 2025, Faruk et al., 2025, Haas et al., 2025, Hanson et al., 2025, Kong et al., 2025, Pan et al., 2025, Soltani et al., 2025, Yankuzo et al., 2025, Huang et al., 2024, Liu et al., 2024, Ma et al., 2024, Meyer et al., 2024, Soltani et al., 2024, Vesala et al., 2024, Dutta et al., 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Titlow et al., 2023, Murari et al., 2022, Evans et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Yu et al., 2021, Feuillette et al., 2020, Hernández-Gallardo and Missirlis, 2020, Hernandez-Gallardo and Missirlis, 2020, Huynh et al., 2020, Jeon et al., 2020, Li et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2020, Mukherjee et al., 2020, Vásquez-Procopio et al., 2020, Zhao and Zhou, 2020, Jacomin et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Xiao et al., 2019, Calap-Quintana et al., 2018, Monnier et al., 2018, Calap-Quintana et al., 2017, Manning et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Yoon et al., 2017, Chen et al., 2016, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Hosamani et al., 2016, Rosas-Arellano et al., 2016, González-Morales et al., 2015, Navarro et al., 2015, Vichas et al., 2015, Zwarts et al., 2015, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Kosmidis et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Zhu et al., 2014, Colinet et al., 2013, Gutiérrez et al., 2013, Huang et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Mandilaras et al., 2013, Tang and Zhou, 2013, Tang and Zhou, 2013, Uhrigshardt et al., 2013, Mandilaras and Missirlis, 2012, Kosmidis et al., 2011, Rees et al., 2011, White et al., 2011, Li, 2010, Metzendorf and Lind, 2010, Sun et al., 2010, Swaminathan et al., 2010, Tiklova et al., 2010, Gruenewald et al., 2009, Mehta et al., 2009, Metzendorf et al., 2009, Tan et al., 2009, Biteau et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Lighthouse et al., 2008, Mehta et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Missirlis et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Dunkov and Georgieva, 2006, Missirlis et al., 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Yepiskoposyan et al., 2006, Levy et al., 2004)
        Name Synonyms
        Ferritin 1 heavy chain
        Ferritin 1 heavy chain homolog
        Ferritin 1 heavy chain homologue
        Ferritin 1HCH
        Ferritin-Heavy
        Ferritin-Light
        ferritin 1 heavy chain
        ferritin 1 heavy chain homolog
        ferritin HCH
        ferritin subunit 1
        ferritin-1 heavy chain homolog
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0010717
        • FBgn0011426
        • FBgn0039762
        • FBgn0043793
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 149 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        References (201)