FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\baf
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\baf
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
barrier to autointegration factor
Annotation Symbol
CG7380
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0031977
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Gene Summary
Plays fundamental roles in nuclear assembly, chromatin organization, gene expression and gonad development. May potently compress chromatin structure and be involved in membrane recruitment and chromatin decondensation during nuclear assembly. Functions are required in both M phase and interphase of the cell cycle. (UniProt, Q9VLU0)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

dBAF

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
28D3-28D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-29
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:8029462..8030565
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008717539
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004122, InterPro:IPR036617
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromosome condensation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nikalayevich and Ohkura, 2015)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ball; FB:FBgn0027889
(Nikalayevich and Ohkura, 2015)
involved_in oocyte karyosome formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lancaster et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromosome organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008717539
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2004)
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2004)
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in condensed chromosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008717539
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008717539
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the BAF family. (Q9VLU0)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Plays fundamental roles in nuclear assembly, chromatin organization, gene expression and gonad development. May potently compress chromatin structure and be involved in membrane recruitment and chromatin decondensation during nuclear assembly. Functions are required in both M phase and interphase of the cell cycle.
(UniProt, Q9VLU0)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

regulation of nuclear envelope dynamics during mitosis - nuclear lamina structure - represses endoreplication in Drosophila myofibers - NHK-1 phosphorylates BAF and suppress its activity in linking chromosomes to nuclear envelope protein

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\baf for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VLU0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
baf-RA
FBtr0079535
NM_135332
607
90
baf-RB
FBtr0333095
NM_001273291
1022
90
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
baf-PA
FBpp0079157
10.1
90
4.80
Q9VLU0
NP_609176
AAF52592
baf-PB
FBpp0305308
10.1
90
4.80
Q9VLU0
NP_001260220
AGB92756
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

90 aa isoforms: baf-PA, baf-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

May interact with MAD1.

(UniProt, Q9VLU0)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\baf using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.31

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2004)
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2004)
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Wagner et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\baf in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 25 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of baf
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of baf
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(2L)CRIMIC-CR70536
(Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-)
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | recessive
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect
Sterility
Allele
female fertile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | oogenesis
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4167Y
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal size | larval stage
decreased fecundity
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage
decreased size | oogenesis
increased cell death | larval stage
increased cell death | oogenesis
increased cell death | oogenesis (with baf1)
increased cell death | oogenesis (with bafgfpA13T)
increased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4167Y
majority die during embryonic stage | maternal effect
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
central nervous system | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4167Y
chromatin
chromosome | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
chromosome | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4167Y
condensed nuclear chromosome
female germline cell
female germline cell (with baf1)
female germline cell (with bafgfpA13T)
female germline stem cell
germarium
germarium (with baf1)
germarium (with bafgfpA13T)
imaginal disc
karyosome, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
larval central nervous system
mitotic spindle | oogenesis
mitotic spindle | oogenesis (with baf1)
mitotic spindle | oogenesis (with bafgfpA13T)
nuclear envelope
oocyte, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
ovary
spindle microtubule | oogenesis
wing disc | larval stage
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\BANF1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\BANF2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Banf1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Banf2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Banf1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Banf2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Col22a1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\baf-l
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\banf1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nr1d1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\banf1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\si:dkey-211g8.4
5 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\baf-1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008753
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:baf. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
bafgfpA13T
model of  Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome
CEA
(Duan et al., 2023)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
bafgfpA13T
model of  Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome
is ameliorated by lok30
(Duan et al., 2023)
is ameliorated by lokKD
(Duan et al., 2023)
is ameliorated by lokp6
(Duan et al., 2023)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
BANF1; barrier to autointegration nuclear assembly factor 1
12 of 14
BARRIER-TO-AUTOINTEGRATION FACTOR 1; BANF1
 
BANF2; BANF family member 2
3 of 14
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      baf
      suppressible
      lok
      (Duan et al., 2023)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      ball
      suppressible
      baf
      (Nikalayevich and Ohkura, 2015)
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      May interact with MAD1.
      (UniProt, Q9VLU0 )
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2L
      Recombination map
      2-29
      Cytogenetic map
      28D3-28D3
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      28D3-28D3
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG7231EP2510 and P{lacW}l(2)k10210k10210
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-29

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-26.4

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (13)
      Genomic Clones (8)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (113)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Torras-Llort et al., 2020, Unnikannan et al., 2020, Wagner et al., 2004)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
          Other Comments
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: CG7380 anon-WO0172774.178

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of CG7380 anon-WO0172774.178 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: baf CG7380

          (Furukawa et al., 2003)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          References (61)