FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\mars

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\mars

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

mars

Annotation Symbol

CG17064

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0033845

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

6 publicly available

Gene Summary

mars (mars) encodes a microtubule-associated protein that shuttles between the mitotic spindle and the nucleus. It is required for mitotic spindle attachment to the centrosome. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-11] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

HURP

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

50A13-50A14

Sequence location

2R:13,500,621..13,506,011 [+]

Recombination map

2-68

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:13500621..13506011

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables microtubule binding

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2013)

enables protein phosphatase 1 binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:flw; FB:FBgn0000711

(Bennett et al., 2006)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Pp1-13C; FB:FBgn0003132

(Bennett et al., 2006)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Pp1α-96A; FB:FBgn0003134

(Bennett et al., 2006)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Pp1-87B; FB:FBgn0004103

(Bennett et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables microtubule binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in centrosome localization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2009)

involved_in chromosome segregation

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Tlk; FB:FBgn0283657

(Li et al., 2009)

involved_in kinetochore assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yang and Fan, 2008)

involved_in mitotic spindle organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2009)

involved_in regulation of cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yang et al., 2005)

involved_in regulation of mitotic cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yang and Fan, 2008, Yang et al., 2005)

involved_in spindle organization

inferred from direct assay

(Tan et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in centrosome localization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in chromosome segregation

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in kinetochore assembly

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in mitotic spindle organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in regulation of mitotic cell cycle

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in signaling

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005026

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (9 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Yang and Fan, 2008, Yang et al., 2005)

colocalizes_with kinetochore microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Yang and Fan, 2008)

located_in mitotic spindle

inferred from direct assay

(Li et al., 2009)

located_in nucleoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Yang et al., 2005)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2009)

located_in spindle microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2009)

located_in spindle pole

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2009)

located_in spindle

inferred from direct assay

(Yang and Fan, 2008)

inferred from direct assay

(Yang et al., 2005)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in spindle pole centrosome

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004353019

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the SAPAP family. (Q7K3L1)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

SAPAP family

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Cell cycle regulator.

(UniProt, Q7K3L1)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

microtubule-associated protein that mediates spatially controlled dephosphorylation of dTACC, which is critical for mitotic spindle stabilization

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mars for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q7K3L1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

mars-RA

FBtr0087668

NM_137034

3026

921

mars-RB

FBtr0301387

NM_001169671

3825

921

mars-RC

FBtr0344895

NM_001299458

3540

921

mars-RD

FBtr0344896

NM_001299459

4465

921

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

mars-PA

FBpp0086788

101.9

921

10.69

FBpp0290601

101.9

921

10.69

FBpp0311206

101.9

921

10.69

FBpp0311207

101.9

921

10.69

Q7K3L1

NP_001286388

AHN56186

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

921 aa isoforms: mars-PA, mars-PB, mars-PC, mars-PD

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

SAPAP family

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mars using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.71

Transcript Expression

No Assay Recorded

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male & spermatogenesis

primary spermatocyte & secondary spermatocyte

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 3 -- 4

organism | ubiquitous

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 5

yolk sac membrane

Comment: expression excluded from epithelium and pole cells

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

embryonic stage 6 -- 11

germ band

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

embryonic foregut & embryonic hindgut

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

embryonic procephalic segment

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

anterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 12

procephalic neurogenic region

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

ventral neurectoderm

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic central brain surface glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval lymph gland

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval nervous system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

gonad

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral cord neuron

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval lateral VNC surface glial cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

embryonic brain

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval optic lobe

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

larval ventral nerve cord

Comment: weakly expressed

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

larval inner optic anlage

Comment: strongly expressed in proliferative center

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

inner optic anlage dorsal proliferation zone & inner optic anlage lateral proliferation zone

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

mesothoracic tergum primordium

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

leg disc

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

adult stage

germline cell

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

adult stage | male

testis

Comment: not observed in somatic cyst cells or spermatogonial mitotically proliferating cells at apical tip of testis

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S10

ovariole

Comment: not observed in follicle cells

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

oocyte

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

oogenesis stage S10 & adult stage | female

nurse cell

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

organism

Comment: expressed 0-24 hr AEL

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

third instar larval stage

organism

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

P-stage

organism

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

adult stage | male

testis

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

adult stage | female

ovary

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Maternally expressed mars transcript is ubiquitously distributed in syncytial blastoderm embryos. In cellularized blastoderm embryos, transcript is localized to the yolk, and excluded from epithelial cells and pole cells. From the onset of gastrulation until embryonic stage 11, expression is observed in the procephalic segment, the germ band, the foregut and the midgut. After embryonic stage 11, expression is increasingly restricted to the ventral and procephalic neurogenic region. After germ band retraction, mars transcript is expressed only in the central nervous system and brain. In third instar larvae, intense expression is observed in the dorsal and inner proliferation zones of the larval optic lobes; expression in the rest of the optic lobe, and in the ventral nerve cord, is diffuse. Third instar larval expression is also observed in the presumptive notum of the wing disc; in a band behind the the morphogenetic furrow of the eye disc; and diffusely in leg discs. Adult expression is confined to the ovaries and testes. In the testis, mars transcript is expressed in primary and secondary spermatocytes, but not in somatic cyst cells, or in spermatogonial mitotically proliferating cells at apical tip of testis. Ovariole expression is observed in oocytes and nurse cells, but not in follicle cells.

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

epitope tag

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

epithelial cell of wing disc

• plasma membrane

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

organism

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

adult stage | male

testis

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

adult stage | female

ovary

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Yang and Fan, 2008, Yang et al., 2005)

colocalizes_with kinetochore microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Yang and Fan, 2008)

located_in mitotic spindle

inferred from direct assay

(Li et al., 2009)

located_in nucleoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Yang et al., 2005)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2009)

located_in spindle microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2009)

located_in spindle pole

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2009)

located_in spindle

inferred from direct assay

(Yang and Fan, 2008)

inferred from direct assay

(Yang et al., 2005)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mars in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\mars

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\mars

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0033845

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36498/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0033845

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0033845

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0033845

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17064

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0033845

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\mars

Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mars

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mars

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)mars¹⁰²

(Zhang et al., 2009)

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

mars¹⁰²

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

mars^UAS.Tag:FLAG

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

mars^UAS.Tag:FLAG

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

mars^UAS.Tag:FLAG

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

mars^UAS.Tag:FLAG

lethal - all die during embryonic stage

mars¹

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

mars^GD9277

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

mars^GD9277

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

mars^GD9277

viable (with Df(2R)CX1)

mars⁹¹

viable | temperature conditional

mars^EP2477

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

fertile

fertile (with Df(2R)CX1)

mars⁹¹

grandchildless | partially

mars⁹¹

grandchildless | partially (with Df(2R)CX1)

mars⁹¹

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal hatching behavior

mars¹

abnormal mitotic cell cycle

abnormal mitotic cell cycle, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

mars^{1-430.UASp.N.GFP}

abnormal mitotic cell cycle, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

abnormal mitotic cell cycle, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

mars^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

abnormal mitotic cell cycle, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | conditional

mars⁹¹

abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

chemical sensitive

mars⁹¹

increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

mars^UAS.Tag:FLAG

increased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

mars^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

majority die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

mars^{1-430.UASp.N.GFP}

some die during embryonic stage

mars¹

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

centrosome

mars⁹¹

centrosome, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

mars^{1-430.UASp.N.GFP}

centrosome | conditional | embryonic stage 4

mars⁹¹

egg

mars^EP2477

egg (with mars¹)

mars^EP2477

egg (with mars^EP2477)

mars¹

embryo

mars^EP2477

embryo (with mars¹)

mars^EP2477

embryo (with mars^EP2477)

mars¹

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

eye disc, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

mars^UAS.Tag:FLAG

eye disc, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

mars^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

meiotic spindle

mars¹

mitotic spindle

mars⁹¹

mitotic spindle, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

mars^{1-430.UASp.N.GFP}

mitotic spindle, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

nucleus, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

mars^{431-921.UASp.N.GFP}

nucleus | conditional | embryonic stage 4

mars⁹¹

spindle

spindle | conditional | embryonic stage 4

mars⁹¹

spindle pole, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

mars^{1-430.UASp.N.GFP}

spindle pole, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

mars^{1-430.UASp.N.GFP}

spindle pole | conditional | embryonic stage 4

mars⁹¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (7)

Hsap\DLGAP5

7 of 14

Yes

Hsap\DLGAP4

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)

Rnor\Dlgap5

6 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)

Mmus\Dlgap5

7 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Il1rapl2

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)

Xtro\dlgap5

5 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (11)

Drer\dlgap5

8 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\il1rapl2

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC110437706

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\W03A5.6

4 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP008983

2 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011289

1 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011290

1 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mars. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)

vlc

4 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

DLGAP5; DLG associated protein 5

7 of 14

617859

DLGAP4; DLG associated protein 4

4 of 14

616191

DLGAP1; DLG associated protein 1

3 of 14

605445

DLGAP3; DLG associated protein 3

3 of 14

611413

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

mars - ArfGAP3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

mars - Fs(2)Ket

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

mars - Gtpbp2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

mars - Karyβ3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

mars - Pp1-13C

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

mars - Pp1-87B

two hybrid, pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Tan et al., 2008, Bennett et al., 2006)

mars - Pp1α-96A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014, Bennett et al., 2006)

mars - dgt3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

mars - dgt5

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

mars - dgt6

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

mars - ens

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

mars - flw

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

mars - msps

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Tan et al., 2008)

mars - tacc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Tan et al., 2008)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Tan et al., 2008)

enhanceable

(Li et al., 2009)

suppressible

(Li et al., 2009)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Tlk

enhanceable

mars

(Li et al., 2009)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

62257

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0033845

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36498

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36498

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Neurexins and neuroligins

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-68

Cytogenetic map

50A13-50A14

Sequence location

2R:13,500,621..13,506,011 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

50A13-50A14

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}drk^k13809&P{EP}mip120^EP606 and P{lacW}l(2)03105^k16702&P{lacW}fl(2)d^k16105

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-68

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-72.3

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (6)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

19094

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{WH}mars^f07689

33929

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00878}attP2

NIG-Fly

HMS00878

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00878}attP2

2RG-0914

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-mars.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v110670

P{KK100727}VIE-260B

v32841

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9277}v32841

Genomic Clones (21)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (39)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD21642

Other clones

DPiM_LD21642

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0033845

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0033845

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Zhang et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2009, Tan et al., 2008, Yang and Fan, 2008, Yang et al., 2005, Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

New stable cell line derived from S2-DGRC : Stable S2 cell lines were created containing GFP-tagged Eb1, mars, chb, or mei-38 proteins.
(Popova et al., 2022)

Other Comments

mars functions in the stabilization of the mitotic spindle by crosslinking adjacent microtubules.

(Zhang et al., 2013)

mars localizes on the mitotic spindle at metaphase and anaphase.

(Li et al., 2009)

A significant but small fraction of the progeny from parents with reduced mars activity show gynadromorphy and non-disjunction.

(Li et al., 2009)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Source for identity of gkap CG17064 was sequence comparison ( date:040205 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: gkap CG17064

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The gene is named "mars" based on its similarity to the "vulcan" gene (both genes contain a GKAP homology domain); Vulcan is the brother of the Roman god Mars.

(Bennett and Alphey, 2004)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG17064

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Bennett et al., 2006, Asha et al., 2003, Dimova et al., 2003, Brody et al., 2002, Gates and Thummel, 2000)

D-HURP

(Hayward and Wakefield, 2014)

HURP

(Li et al., 2009, Somma et al., 2008, Tan et al., 2008)

Mars

(Costa and Ohkura, 2019, Hayward and Wakefield, 2014, Poulton et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2009)

d-hurp

(Hayward et al., 2014)

dhrp/gkap

(Liaw et al., 2005)

gkap

mars

(Warecki et al., 2025, Ko et al., 2024, Popova et al., 2022, Kitani-Morii and Noto, 2020, Schwartz et al., 2016, Hayward et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Joyce et al., 2012, Korenjak et al., 2012, Cesario and McKim, 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Li et al., 2009, Somma et al., 2008, Tan et al., 2008, Yang and Fan, 2008, Garcia et al., 2007, Bennett et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2005)

Name Synonyms

Mars

(Zhang et al., 2013)

mars

(Somma et al., 2008)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 52 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

36498

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q7K3L1

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q7K3L1

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

E1JH57

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q7K3L1

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0033845

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36498/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0033845

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0033845

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0033845

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

SAPAP family

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG17064

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

36498

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

62257

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0033845

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0033845

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0033845

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0033845

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0033845

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17064

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0033845

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0033845

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36498

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36498

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Neurexins and neuroligins

References (60)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

2.71

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