FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\flw

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\flw

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

flapwing

Annotation Symbol

CG2096

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000711

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

22 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

protein-serine/threonine phosphatase (3.1.3.16)

Gene Summary

Required for cell adhesion in non-muscle tissues and in maintenance of muscle attachment. Vital for larval development. (UniProt, P48462)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

PP1β9C, PP1, PP1β, PP1 9C, PP1c

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

9B14-9C1

Sequence location

X:10,385,960..10,409,817 [+]

Recombination map

1-31

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:10385960..10409817

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (22 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables myosin phosphatase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

enables protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yang et al., 2012)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables hydrolase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004843, InterPro:IPR006186

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000185233

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (15 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in chromosome segregation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2007)

involved_in female germline ring canal formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yamamoto et al., 2013, Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Pp1-13C; FB:FBgn0003132,FLYBASE:Pp1α-96A; FB:FBgn0003134,FLYBASE:put; FB:FBgn0003169,FLYBASE:Pp1-87B; FB:FBgn0004103

(Bennett et al., 2003)

involved_in negative regulation of JNK cascade

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bsk; FB:FBgn0000229

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:puc; FB:FBgn0243512

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:NiPp1; FB:FBgn0026402

(Su et al., 2011)

involved_in oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sun et al., 2011)

involved_in ovarian nurse cell to oocyte transport

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Pp1α-96A; FB:FBgn0003134,FLYBASE:Pp1-87B; FB:FBgn0004103

(Luo et al., 2007)

involved_in regulation of actomyosin contractile ring contraction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

involved_in regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yang et al., 2012)

involved_in striated muscle tissue development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Deak, 1977)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in mesoderm development

non-traceable author statement

(Furlong et al., 2001)

involved_in regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P62138

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

involved_in regulation of glycogen catabolic process

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P62138

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Cellular Component (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Lin et al., 2024)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Lin et al., 2024)

part_of protein phosphatase type 1 complex

inferred from direct assay

(Kerekes et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000185233

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000185231

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

PPP FAMILY PROTEIN SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASES

PTW-PP1 COMPLEX FLW VARIANT

Pathway (FlyBase)

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily. (P48462)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

myosin phosphatase activity
protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

(1) O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + H2O = L-seryl-[protein] + phosphate (3.1.3.16)

(2) O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] + H2O = L-threonyl-[protein] + phosphate (3.1.3.16)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

PPP FAMILY PROTEIN SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASES -: The Phosphoprotein Phosphatase (PPP) family members are serine/threonine phosphatases. They often function in association with regulatory subunits. (Adapted from PMID:11230548 and PMID:19879837).
PTW-PP1 COMPLEX FLW VARIANT -: A nuclear protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that regulates gene expression. The core of the complex is formed by a protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit and the scaffolding/nuclear-targeting subunit PNUTS. (Adapted from FBrf0262508 and PMID:20516061.)

Pathway (FlyBase)

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Positive regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the enhancement of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Required for cell adhesion in non-muscle tissues and in maintenance of muscle attachment. Vital for larval development.

(UniProt, P48462)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

flw: flap wing (J.C. Hall)

Wings held in lateral position, instead of dorsally, and parallel to substrate as in wild type; thorax has darkened longitudinal stripe; anterior scutellar bristles sometimes missing or doubled; eyes bulging and slightly roughened; head compressed; third antennal joint shortened; unable to fly; jumping ability poor; fibrillar muscles of thorax (dorsoventrals, dorsolongitudinals) are variably abnormal, ranging from disorganized to missing; tergal depressor of trochanter jump muscle is normal in light microscope; behavioral and muscular phenotypes affected by flw2 may be due to primary defect in muscle primordia, concluded from mosaic experiment (Deak, 1977); at least two flw alleles (flw3 and flw4) cause reduced amount of a particular protein from indirect flight muscles (same molecule as that affected by hdp, int, rsd, and up mutations) (Deak, Bellamy, Bienz, Dubuis, Fenner, Gollin, Rahmi, Ramp, Reinhardt, and Cotton, 1982, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 69: 61-81). flw is not allelic to gmp.

Pp1: Protein phosphatase 1

Encodes a protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit that shows a high degree of similarity to rabbit protein phosphatase 1α in its enzymatic and physiochemical characteristics and has a predicted protein sequence that is 92% identical to that of rabbit PP-1α.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

Isoform of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 - regulates nonmuscle myosin by dephosphorylating the myosin II regulatory light chain (Spaghetti squash)

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\flw for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P48462)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated.

Stop-codon suppression (UAA) postulated; FBrf0234051

Gene model reviewed during 6.25

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

flw-RA

FBtr0071446

NM_167229

2524

461

flw-RB

FBtr0071447

NM_079999

2131

330

flw-RC

FBtr0333305

NM_001272478

3883

330

flw-RD

FBtr0474146

NM_001369992

2131

339

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

1.584 (compiled cDNA)

(Dombradi et al., 1990)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

flw-PA

FBpp0071381

51.3

461

6.25

FBpp0071382

37.7

330

6.06

FBpp0305497

37.7

330

6.06

FBpp0423145

38.8

339

6.25

QCD25234

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

330 aa isoforms: flw-PB, flw-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

330 (aa)

(Raghavan et al., 2000)

330 (aa); 37.8 (kD predicted)

(Dombradi et al., 1990)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Nop17l (PubMed:17007873). Interacts with uri; uri inhibits flw phosphatase activity (PubMed:18412953).

(UniProt, P48462)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\flw using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.25

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

• cytoplasm | basal

Comment: apically cleared

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval muscle system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval visceral muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Dombradi et al., 1990)

Additional Descriptive Data

mRNAs of 2.7, 2.9, 4.1 and 4.6 kb were detected, with the 2.9 kb most abundant. The mRNAs were detected in all developmental stages, but were less abundant in embryos and larvae.

(Dombradi et al., 1990)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

pupal stage

(Raghavan et al., 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

flw protein is present in pupal extracts. Other developmental stages were not studied.

(Raghavan et al., 2000)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Lin et al., 2024)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Lin et al., 2024)

part_of protein phosphatase type 1 complex

inferred from direct assay

(Kerekes et al., 2014)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}flw^CPTI001360

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult brain

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

adult brain cell body rind

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

oogenesis & adult stage | female

female germline cyst | subset

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

germarium | restricted

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}flw^CPTI002264

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult brain cell body rind

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

adult brain | faint | ubiquitous

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

oogenesis & adult stage | female

female germline cyst | subset

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

germarium | restricted

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\flw in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\flw

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\flw

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000711

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

44289/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000711

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000711

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000711

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2096

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000711

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\flw

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of flw

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of flw

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 12 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 12 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(1)HC133

(Zhimulev, 1994, Craymer and Roy, 1980)

Df(1)N110

(Craymer and Roy, 1980)

Df(1)sbr1

(Zhimulev, 1994)

Df(1)v-L15

(Zhimulev, 1994, Deak et al., 1982, Craymer and Roy, 1980)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(1)C52

(Craymer and Roy, 1980)

(Zhimulev, 1994)

(Zhimulev, 1994)

(Zhimulev, 1994)

(Bridges and Brehme, 1944)

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(1)C52

(Deak et al., 1982)

Gene duplicated in

Dp(1;3)DC224

(Yamamoto et al., 2013, Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010)

Dp(1;Y)BSC58

(Cook et al., 2010)

Dp(1;Y)BSC59

(Cook et al., 2010)

Inferred from location ( 8 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PU

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

lethal | male

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage

lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

flw^GD1447

partially lethal, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

flw^GD1447

partially lethal - majority die

flw⁶

partially lethal - majority die | female

partially lethal - majority die | male

partially lethal - majority live | recessive

flw²

viable

flw¹

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

flw^GD15008

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

flw^GD15008

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

flw^GD15008

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell polarity | recessive | somatic clone

flw^FP41

abnormal cell shape

flw⁶

abnormal cell shape | somatic clone

flw¹

abnormal locomotor behavior

flw⁶

abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage

flw^G0172

abnormal locomotor behavior | recessive

flw²

abnormal mitotic cell cycle

flw^G0172

decreased body size | larval stage

flw^G0172

flightless

flightless | dominant

flightless | recessive

increased cell number | recessive | somatic clone

flw^FP41

increased occurrence of cell division | female | somatic clone

flw^FP41

majority die during larval stage

flw^G0172

some die during larval stage

flw^FP41

some die during pupal stage

flw^G0172

visible

flw⁶

visible | dominant

flw¹

visible | recessive

wild-type

flw^Hsp26.PR

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

actin cytoskeleton

flw⁶

adult cuticle & adult thorax

flw¹

adult thorax

flw²

anaphase

flw^G0172

anterior scutellar bristle

flw²

chromosome & larval neuroblast

flw^G0172

coxal tergal remotor muscle cell

dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle cell

egg | germline clone | maternal effect

egg chamber

flw⁶

egg chamber | somatic clone

flw¹

embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

flw^HMS04465

epithelium

flw⁶

epithelium | somatic clone

flw¹

eye

flw²

eye disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

flw^GD15008

follicle cell

flw⁶

follicle cell | posterior | somatic clone

flw^FP41

follicle cell | somatic clone

flw¹

indirect flight muscle cell

indirect flight muscle cell (with Df(1)Hk)

flw¹

indirect flight muscle cell (with Df(1)N110)

flw¹

indirect flight muscle cell (with flw¹)

flw⁶

indirect flight muscle cell (with flw⁶)

flw¹

larval muscle system

flw⁶

larval thoracic ventral intersegmental muscle cell | larval stage

flw^G0172

lateral oblique dorsal muscle cell

mesothoracic tergotrochanter muscle cell

flw⁶

muscle cell of dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle 45a

flw²

muscle cell of dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle 45b

flw²

muscle cell of dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle 45c

flw²

muscle cell of dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle 45d

flw²

muscle cell of dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle 45e

flw²

muscle cell of dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle 45f

flw²

muscle cell of tergosternal muscle 47a

flw²

muscle cell of tergosternal muscle 47b

flw²

muscle cell of tergosternal muscle 47c

flw²

myofibril

nurse cell ring canal

flw⁶

nurse cell ring canal | germline clone

oocyte | somatic clone

flw^FP41

posterior crossvein

flw²

tergosternal muscle cell

wing

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

flw^GD15008

Z disc

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (15)

Hsap\PPP1CB

13 of 14

Yes

8 of 14

8 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (14)

Rnor\Ppp1cb

13 of 14

Yes

8 of 14

8 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (14)

Mmus\Ppp1cb

13 of 14

Yes

8 of 14

7 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (16)

Xtro\ppp1cb

10 of 13

Yes

6 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (18)

Drer\ppp1cb

12 of 14

Yes

8 of 14

8 of 14

7 of 14

5 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (48)

Cele\gsp-1

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\gsp-2

8 of 14

Cele\C06A1.3

5 of 14

Cele\C09H5.7

5 of 14

Yes

Cele\C25A6.1

5 of 14

Cele\C34D4.2

5 of 14

Yes

5 of 14

5 of 14

5 of 14

5 of 14

5 of 14

5 of 14

5 of 14

Yes

Cele\gsp-4

5 of 14

Yes

5 of 14

5 of 14

5 of 14

5 of 14

5 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\ZC477.2

3 of 14

Cele\C27B7.6

2 of 14

Cele\F20D6.6

2 of 14

Yes

Cele\F40E3.5

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (9)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP003114

11 of 12

Yes

6 of 12

5 of 12

5 of 12

4 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (35)

Atha\TOPP3

13 of 13

Yes

Atha\TOPP4

11 of 13

Atha\TOPP7

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\TOPP1

10 of 13

Yes

Atha\TOPP2

10 of 13

Yes

Atha\TOPP5

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\TOPP6

7 of 13

Yes

Atha\TOPP8

6 of 13

Yes

Atha\TOPP9

6 of 13

Yes

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

Yes

Atha\BSL2

3 of 13

Yes

Atha\BSL3

3 of 13

Yes

Atha\BSU1

3 of 13

Yes

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G09970

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SGT1A

1 of 13

Atha\SGT1B

1 of 13

Atha\SLP1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SLP2

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (13)

Scer\GLC7

10 of 13

Yes

Scer\PPH21

5 of 13

Scer\PPH22

5 of 13

Scer\PPQ1

5 of 13

Yes

Scer\PPZ1

5 of 13

Yes

Scer\PPZ2

5 of 13

Yes

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (11)

Spom\dis2

10 of 12

Yes

Spom\sds21

7 of 12

Spom\pzh1

5 of 12

Yes

Spom\ppa1

4 of 12

Spom\ppa2

4 of 12

Spom\SPAC22H10.04

4 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (3)

Ecol\apaH

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\pphA

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\pphB

2 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:flw. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (19)

11 of 13

11 of 13

11 of 13

7 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

mts

5 of 13

Pp1-Y1

5 of 13

Pp4-19C

5 of 13

CG11597

4 of 13

PpV

4 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

Hcf

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

PPP1CB; protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit beta

model of Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PPP1CB; protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit beta

13 of 14

600590

NOONAN SYNDROME-LIKE DISORDER WITH LOOSE ANAGEN HAIR 2; NSLH2

Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2

PPP1CA; protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha

8 of 14

176875

PPP1CC; protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma

8 of 14

176914

PPP2CA; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha

4 of 14

176915

HOUGE-JANSSENS SYNDROME 3; HJS3

PPP2CB; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit beta

4 of 14

176916

PPP4C; protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit

4 of 14

602035

PPP6C; protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit

4 of 14

612725

PPEF1; protein phosphatase with EF-hand domain 1

3 of 14

300109

PPEF2; protein phosphatase with EF-hand domain 2

3 of 14

602256

PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha

3 of 14

PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 3, CATALYTIC SUBUNIT, ALPHA ISOFORM; PPP3CA

developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 91

PPP3CB; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit beta

3 of 14

114106

PPP3CC; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit gamma

3 of 14

114107

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

flw - ASPP

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bertran et al., 2019)

flw - CG10939

pull down, autoradiography

(Yang et al., 2012)

flw - CG31244

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - CG31457

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - CG42748

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - CG7029

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - CG9933

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - EB-SUN

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - Gbs-70E

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, two hybrid

(Kerekes et al., 2014)

flw - Gbs-76A

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - I-2

two hybrid, enzymatic study, predetermined participant, molecular sieving, experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011, Bennett et al., 2006, Bennett et al., 1999)

flw - I-3

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - MYPT-75D

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study

(Bennett et al., 2006, Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

flw - Mbs

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

flw - Mer

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Yang et al., 2012)

flw - Moe

pull down, autoradiography

(Yang et al., 2012)

flw - NiPp1

two hybrid

(Kirchner et al., 2008, Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - Nop17l

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - PNUTS

two hybrid

(Ciurciu et al., 2013, Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - PPP1R15

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - Pp1-87B

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

flw - Ppi1

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - Sara

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bennett et al., 2006, Bennett and Alphey, 2002)

flw - Spindly

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - ZAP3

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - Zasp66

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - corolla

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - ec

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - mars

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - neb

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - pico

two hybrid

(Bennett et al., 2006)

flw - sds22

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011, Grusche et al., 2009)

flw - smo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Su et al., 2011)

flw - sqh

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

flw - tim

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Fang et al., 2007)

flw - trx

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, pull down

(Bennett et al., 2006, Rudenko et al., 2004, Rudenko et al., 2003)

flw - uri

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kirchner et al., 2008)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

puc|flw

suppressible

bsk

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

flw

suppressible

bsk

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

enhanceable

(Sun et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Neubueser and Hipfner, 2010)

flw

enhanceable

Mbs

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

flw

suppressible

Mbs

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

flw

suppressible

(Sun et al., 2011)

flw

enhanceable

rhea

(Pronovost et al., 2013)

flw

suppressible

Rho1

(Sun et al., 2011, Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

flw

suppressible

RhoGEF2

(Sun et al., 2011, Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

flw

suppressible

sqh

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

puc|flw

suppressible

sqh

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

flw

enhanceable

sqh

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

flw

suppressible

stck

(Pronovost et al., 2013)

flw

enhanceable

stck

(Pronovost et al., 2013)

flw

suppressible

Tm1

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Sun et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Sun et al., 2011, Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

puc|flw

suppressible

zip

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

flw|Pp1α-96A

suppressible

zip

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Acn

enhanceable

flw

(Nandi et al., 2022)

crb

suppressible

flw

(Flores-Benitez and Knust, 2015)

crb

enhanceable

flw

(Flores-Benitez and Knust, 2015)

Drak

suppressible

flw

(Neubueser and Hipfner, 2010)

hep

enhanceable

flw

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

NiPp1

suppressible

flw

(Bennett et al., 2003, Parker et al., 2002)

Nop17l

enhanceable

flw

(Bennett et al., 2006)

Nop17l

suppressible

flw

(Bennett et al., 2006)

Pkn

enhanceable

flw

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

Pp1-87B

suppressible

flw

(Kirchner et al., 2007)

Rok|Drak

suppressible

flw

(Neubueser and Hipfner, 2010)

sds22

suppressible

flw

(Jiang et al., 2011)

Shrm

enhanceable

flw

(Hildebrand et al., 2021)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Nop17l (PubMed:17007873). Interacts with uri; uri inhibits flw phosphatase activity (PubMed:18412953).

(UniProt, P48462 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68952

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000711

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44289

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44289

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

mRNA surveillance pathway

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

P48462

Class of Gene

gene_with_stop_codon_read_through

(Jungreis et al., 2016)

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-31

Cytogenetic map

9B14-9C1

Sequence location

X:10,385,960..10,409,817 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

9B14-9C1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}l(1)G0289^EP379 and P{EP}PPP4R2r^EP307

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

9C1-9C2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.12.14, Dombradi et al., 1990, Dombradi et al., 1989)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-31

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-33.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (22)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

23702

23703

952

Df(1)C52, flw^C52/FM6

23210

w¹¹¹⁸ Mi{ET1}flw^MB01707

12287

w^67c23 P{lacW}flw^G0172/FM7c

23693

w^* flw⁶/FM7i, P{ActGFP}JMR3

FlyORF

F001200

M{UAS-flw.ORF.3xHA}ZH-86Fb

2096R-2

15305R-2

v104677

v29622

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD15008}v29622

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (20)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (47)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0000711

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000711

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Raghavan et al., 2000)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

flw limits ring canal constriction during germline cyst formation in females.

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

ChEST reveals this is a target of Mef2.

(Junion et al., 2005)

flw dephosphorylates the sqh subunit of nonmuscle myosin and therefore has a role in regulating myosin activity.

(Vereshchagina et al., 2004)

flw has been cloned and sequenced.

(Dombradi et al., 1990)

Isolated from a Drosophila head cDNA library, using a rabbit muscle PP-1α cDNA as a probe.

(Dombradi et al., 1989)

A partial flw cDNA has been cloned and sequenced.

(Dombradi et al., 1989)

Fate mapping of flw mutants suggests their primary site of action is in the fat body.

(Deak et al., 1982)

Wings held in lateral position, instead of dorsally and parallel to substrate as in wild type; thorax has darkened longitudinal stripe; anterior scutellar bristles sometimes missing or doubled; eyes bulging and slightly roughened; head compressed; third antennal joint shortened; unable to fly; jumping ability poor; fibrillar muscles of thorax (dorsoventrals, dorsolongitudinals) are variably abnormal, ranging from disorganized to missing; tergal depressor of trochanter jump muscle is normal in light microscope; behavioral and muscular phenotypes affected by flw² may be due to primary defect in muscle primordia, concluded from mosaic experiment (Deak, 1977); at least two flw alleles (flw³ and flw⁴) cause reduced amount of a particular protein from indirect flight muscles (same molecule as that affected by hdp, int, rsd and up mutations) (Deak et al., 1982).

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: flw Pp1β-9C

(Raghavan et al., 2000)

Source for merge of: Pp1β-9C CG2096

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.13)

Source for merge of: flw l(1)G0172

(Peter et al., 2002)

Source for merge of: flw anon-WO03040301.120

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: flw CG15305

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Additional comments

The PpY-55A gene may have been derived from the flw gene by retroposition.

(Dai et al., 2006)

Annotations CG2096 and CG15305 merged as CG2096 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Source for merge of flw anon-WO03040301.120 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

flw is not allelic to gmp.

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (33)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG15305

CG2096

(Kolkhof et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Haelterman et al., 2014, Haye et al., 2014, Schertel et al., 2013, Page et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Dai et al., 2006, Legube et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2004, Whitfield, 2001.2.19, Morrison et al., 2000, Whitfield, 2000.12.19)

DmPp1-9C

(Cohen et al., 2005)

FLW

(Rees et al., 2011, Luo et al., 2007)

FLW/PP1B

(Morrison et al., 2000)

PP-1

(Dombradi et al., 1989)

PP-1c

(Lehmann, 2021)

PP1

(Bai and Suzuki, 2020, Sehgal, 2008, Fang et al., 2007, Li et al., 2007, Tan et al., 2007, Lioultcheva et al., 2002, Alphey et al., 2000, Helps et al., 1998)

PP1 9C

(Armstrong et al., 1998, Cohen, 1997, Dombradi et al., 1993, Chen et al., 1992)

PP1 b9C

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

PP1 β9c

(Grusche et al., 2009)

PP19C

(Rudenko et al., 2002)

PP1B_DROME

(Storm and Sonnhammer, 2003)

PP1beta9C

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

PP1c

(Luo et al., 2007, Rudenko et al., 2003, Rudenko et al., 2003, Bennett and Alphey, 2002)

PP1cβ

(Vasquez et al., 2014)

PP1β

(Sun et al., 2011, Kirchner et al., 2006, Gross et al., 2005, Barik, 2004, Cohen et al., 1990)

PP1β-9C

(Jiang et al., 2011)

PP1β9C

(Bertran et al., 2019, Ciurciu et al., 2013, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Sun et al., 2011, Kirchner et al., 2008, Kirchner et al., 2007, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Bennett et al., 2006, Duperchy et al., 2005, Rudenko et al., 2004, Bennett et al., 2003, Rudenko et al., 2003, Parker et al., 2002, Bennett et al., 1999, Alphey et al., 1998, Dombradi et al., 1990)

Pp1-9C

(Kerekes et al., 2014)

Pp1beta-9C

(Leemans et al., 2000)

Pp1β-9C

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.13, Madueno et al., 1995)

Pp1β9C

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

XE55

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

anon-WO03040301.120

flw

(Jacobs et al., 2025, Montemurro et al., 2025, Zhao et al., 2025, Titlow et al., 2023, Zhao et al., 2023, Beaver et al., 2022, Chang et al., 2022, Nandi et al., 2022, Ostalé et al., 2021, Ai et al., 2020, Harbison et al., 2019, Xue et al., 2019, Zeledon et al., 2019, Croset et al., 2018, Das and Knust, 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Muñoz-Soriano et al., 2018, Qin et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Nie et al., 2017, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Jungreis et al., 2016, Valencia-Expósito et al., 2016, Flores-Benitez and Knust, 2015, Ferreira et al., 2014, Haelterman et al., 2014, Haye et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Williams et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Pronovost et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013-, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Su et al., 2011, Sun et al., 2011, Vlachos and Harden, 2011, Cook et al., 2010, Neubueser and Hipfner, 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010, Akdemir et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Fang et al., 2007, Huang et al., 2007, Kirchner, 2007.7.19, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Bennett et al., 2006, Montana and Littleton, 2006, Rudenko et al., 2004, Vereshchagina et al., 2004, Deak, 1977)

l(1)G0172

(Schäfer et al., 1999.12.14)

Name Synonyms

Flap wing

(Wheeler et al., 2004)

Flapwing

(Flores-Benitez and Knust, 2016, Rees et al., 2011)

PP1β9C

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

Protein phosphatase 1β at 9C

flap wing

(Huang et al., 2007, Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

flapwing

(St Johnston, 2023, Jawkar and Nongthomba, 2020, Valencia-Expósito et al., 2016, Pronovost et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013, Sun et al., 2011, Kirchner et al., 2007, Bennett et al., 2006, Rudenko et al., 2004, Deak, 1977)

protein phosphatase 1

(Bai and Suzuki, 2020, Fang et al., 2007, Li et al., 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0003131
FBgn0029072
FBgn0030197
FBgn0030198
FBgn0066854

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 67 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

44289

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P48462

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P48462

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P48462

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000711

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

44289/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000711

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000711

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0000711

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG2096

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

44289

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68952

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0000711

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000711

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000711

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000711

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0000711

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2096

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000711

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC008406

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

mRNA surveillance pathway

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44289

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44289

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

P48462

References (200)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-1.25

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