FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Pkn

FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026

FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026

Gene: Dmel\Pkn

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Pkn

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Protein kinase N

Annotation Symbol

CG2049

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0020621

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

33 publicly available

Gene Summary

Protein kinase N (Pkn) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase activated by Rho family GTPases, especially those encoded by Rho1 and Rac1. When activated, the product of Pkn regulates the actin cytoskeleton during oogenesis, wound repair, and in morphogenetic events including dorsal closure and wing development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

l(2)06736, Protein kinase related to protein kinase N, l(2)45Ca, 3-2, Dpkn

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:9,252,310..9,285,097 [-]

Recombination map

2-60

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:9252310..9285097

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P40792

(Betson and Settleman, 2007, Lu and Settleman, 1999)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P48148

(Betson and Settleman, 2007, Lu and Settleman, 1999)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P48554

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

enables protein kinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR000961, InterPro:IPR017441, InterPro:IPR017892

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR008271

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000961, InterPro:IPR017892, InterPro:IPR037313

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

(Ueno et al., 1997)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000683254

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables small GTPase binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037313

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014)

involved_in dorsal closure

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

involved_in mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tsankova et al., 2017)

involved_in positive regulation of wound healing

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014)

involved_in protein autophosphorylation

inferred from direct assay

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

involved_in wing disc morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Betson and Settleman, 2007)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in dorsal closure

traceable author statement

(Harden, 2002)

involved_in intracellular signal transduction

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000683254

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in signal transduction

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011072

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Tsankova et al., 2017)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Tsankova et al., 2017)

inferred from direct assay

(Betson and Settleman, 2007)

located_in cytosol

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED AGC KINASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (A1Z7T0)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Protein kinase N (Pkn) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase activated by Rho family GTPases, especially those encoded by Rho1 and Rac1. When activated, the product of Pkn regulates the actin cytoskeleton during oogenesis, wound repair, and in morphogenetic events including dorsal closure and wing development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED AGC KINASES -: This group comprises AGC kinases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Pkc-related serine/threonine-protein kinase and Rho/Rac effector protein that participates in specific signal transduction responses in the cell. May play a role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, actin cytoskeleton assembly, cell migration, cell adhesion and transcription activation signaling processes (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating Rho-mediated dorsal closure during embryogenesis.

(UniProt, A1Z7T0)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

16

Number of Unique Polypeptides

14

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pkn for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry A1Z7T0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Gene model reviewed during 6.05

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0088601

5747

1190

FBtr0088602

4872

1407

FBtr0088604

6520

1422

FBtr0088605

3617

590

FBtr0088603

5869

1205

FBtr0112897

6552

1501

FBtr0301511

5901

1284

FBtr0302603

4970

1275

FBtr0302604

6111

1354

FBtr0306585

4562

1275

FBtr0308206

4431

1260

FBtr0339290

5082

1477

FBtr0339291

4152

1167

FBtr0339292

4491

1280

FBtr0339293

4485

1278

FBtr0433506

4490

1354

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0087682

131.8

1190

6.92

FBpp0087683

156.4

1407

6.37

FBpp0087685

158.1

1422

6.65

FBpp0087686

66.3

590

5.06

FBpp0087684

133.5

1205

7.43

FBpp0111810

166.8

1501

6.61

FBpp0290726

142.2

1284

7.30

FBpp0291759

141.1

1275

6.64

FBpp0291760

149.8

1354

6.60

FBpp0297540

141.1

1275

6.64

FBpp0300526

139.3

1260

6.30

FBpp0308399

163.9

1477

5.92

FBpp0308400

129.5

1167

6.95

FBpp0308401

141.7

1280

6.49

FBpp0308402

141.5

1278

6.49

FBpp0390638

149.8

1354

6.60

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1275 aa isoforms: Pkn-PJ, Pkn-PL

1354 aa isoforms: Pkn-PK, Pkn-PS

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via N-terminus) with Rho1 (via REM repeats), Rac1 (via REM 1 repeat) and Rac2.

(UniProt, A1Z7T0)

Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylated (By similarity). Autophosphorylated; autophosphorylation is stimulated by GTP-bound Rho/Rac GTPases.

(UniProt, A1Z7T0)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pkn using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.42

Transcript Expression

expression microarray

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Xu et al., 2004)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 4 -- 5

organism | ubiquitous | uniform

Comment: maternally deposited

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

embryonic stage 13

embryonic leading edge cell

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

epidermis | segmentally repeated

Comment: 2 pairs of discontinuous stripes per segment

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

embryonic stage 16

embryonic/larval anterior spiracle

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

embryonic/larval posterior spiracle

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

embryonic/larval pharynx

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

embryonic/larval mouth | anterior

Comment: reference states "mouth tip"

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

adult mushroom body | restricted

(Kobayashi et al., 2006)

Additional Descriptive Data

Eye-enriched transcripts determined by ratio of expression level in wild-type heads. versus expression level in so heads.

(Xu et al., 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male

(Wasbrough et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Tsankova et al., 2017)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Tsankova et al., 2017)

inferred from direct assay

(Betson and Settleman, 2007)

located_in cytosol

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: PBac{754.P.FSVS-0}Pkn^CPTI002565

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

adult brain cell body rind

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pkn in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Pkn

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Pkn

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35950/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0020621

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0020621

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0020621

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2049

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0020621

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 41 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 25 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pkn

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pkn

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 20 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 20 )

Gene disrupted in

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

(Zhang et al., 1996, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Konev et al., 1994)

(Ferreira et al., 2014, Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

(Zhang et al., 1996, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

(Spradling et al., 1999, Zhang et al., 1996, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Konev et al., 1994)

(Konev et al., 1994)

(Ferreira et al., 2014, Konev et al., 1994)

(Konev et al., 1994)

(Konev et al., 1994)

(Ferreira et al., 2014, Lu and Settleman, 1999, Zhang et al., 1996, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Konev et al., 1994)

(Konev et al., 1994)

(Konev et al., 1994)

(Matthews, 1996.2.2, Zhang et al., 1996)

In(2R)G63^Lw45-73n^R

(Spradling et al., 1999, Zhang et al., 1996, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Konev et al., 1994)

Gene not disrupted in

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

(Konev et al., 1994)

(Konev et al., 1994)

(Spradling et al., 1999, Konev et al., 1994)

(Konev et al., 1994)

(Zhang et al., 1996)

Gene not duplicated in

(Konev et al., 1994)

Gene duplicated in

Tp(2;3)eve^1.18

(Sass and Ostrow, 2014)

Inferred from location ( 3 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

Pkn^JF02970

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Pkn^JF02970

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

Pkn²

partially lethal - majority die | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Pkn^KK101337

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

Pkn^rG232

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Pkn^HMJ02226

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

Pkn^GL00154

Pkn^E.P

male sterile | recessive

Pkn^k06808

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell shape | third instar larval stage (with Df(2R)w73-1)

Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶

abnormal flight

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Pkn^kin.UAS

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Pkn^kin.UAS

abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU

Pkn^KK101337

abnormal wound healing | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Pkn^HMJ02226

short lived | calorie restriction conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU

Pkn^KK101337

some die during larval stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Pkn^KK101337

some die during larval stage | recessive

Pkn²

some die during P-stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Pkn^KK101337

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Act88F.PD

Pkn^kin.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Cy6

Pkn^kin.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Pkn^kin.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Pkn^UAS.cRa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Pkn^kin.UAS

visible (with Pkn^k06808)

visible (with Pkn^k11209)

Pkn^k06808

visible (with Pkn^rG232)

Pkn^k06808

visible | recessive

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

anterior wing margin

anterior wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^Cy6

Pkn^kin.UAS

cytoskeleton | germline clone

egg | germline clone

egg chamber | germline clone

embryo | dorsal closure stage

Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶

embryo | dorsal closure stage, with Scer\GAL4^LE

Pkn^KD.UAS

embryo | dorsal closure stage | germline clone

Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶

embryonic epidermis | dorsal

Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶

embryonic epidermis | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4^LE

Pkn^KD.UAS

embryonic epidermis | germline clone

Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶

larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage (with Df(2R)w73-1)

Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶

mechanosensory medial triple row bristle

nurse cell | germline clone

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Pkn^UAS.cRa

posterior wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^Cy6

Pkn^kin.UAS

wing (with Pkn^k06808)

wing (with Pkn^k11209)

Pkn^k06808

wing (with Pkn^rG232)

Pkn^k06808

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Pkn^kin.UAS

wing hair | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Pkn^kin.UAS

wing hair | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Pkn^kin.UAS

wing margin bristle

wing vein | ectopic

wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^Act88F.PD

Pkn^kin.UAS

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (37)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

13 of 14

No

Yes

11 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

7

1 of 14

No

No

5

1 of 14

No

No

Hsap\C8orf44-SGK3

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

5

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

2

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (26)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

13 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

Yes

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (26)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

13 of 14

No

Yes

10 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

3

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (47)

11 of 13

Yes

Yes

7 of 13

No

Yes

5 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

Yes

Xtro\LOC101732362

2 of 13

No

Yes

Xtro\LOC101733298

2 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Xtro\LOC100145450

1 of 13

No

Yes

Xtro\LOC100498287

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (38)

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

11 of 14

No

Yes

11 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Drer\si:ch211-195b13.1

1 of 14

No

No

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (21)

11 of 14

Yes

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (19)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007587

11 of 12

Yes

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000418

3 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP002748

3 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP002161

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007590

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011988

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP012252

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000406

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000419

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP001384

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP003040

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005521

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006094

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007333

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP008039

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011030

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011840

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP012064

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP012090

1 of 12

No

No

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (12)

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (8)

3 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)

4 of 12

Yes

No

4 of 12

Yes

No

1 of 12

No

No

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Pkn. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (20)

5 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PKN2; protein kinase N2

14 of 14

PKN1; protein kinase N1

13 of 14

PKN3; protein kinase N3

11 of 14

PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon

3 of 14

PRKCH; protein kinase C eta

3 of 14

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

pull down, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Betson and Settleman, 2007, Lu and Settleman, 1999)

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

pull down, anti tag western blot, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, luminiscence technology, western blot

(Bagci et al., 2020, Betson and Settleman, 2007, Lu and Settleman, 1999)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Sass and Ostrow, 2014, Lu and Settleman, 1999)

suppressible

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Sass and Ostrow, 2014)

suppressible

(Betson and Settleman, 2007)

enhanceable

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

enhanceable

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via N-terminus) with Rho1 (via REM repeats), Rac1 (via REM 1 repeat) and Rac2.

(UniProt, A1Z7T0 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61787

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0020621

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35950

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35950

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

A1Z7T2

Class of Gene

gene_with_edited_transcript

(Graveley et al., 2011)

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

2R

Recombination map

2-60

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:9,252,310..9,285,097 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

45C1-45C1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}CG8788^k04512&P{lacW}l(2)k13412^k13412 and P{PZ}Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶ 45C1 Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0067338) Right limit from inclusion within Df(2R)w73-1 (FBrf0089219) Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0048100) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0048100)

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

45C1-45C2

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 45C3--4 (determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

45C-45C

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Lu and Settleman, 1999, Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

45C1-45C2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Zhang et al., 1996)

45C1-45C2

45C3--4

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-60

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-58.3

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

l(2)03659

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

Right of (cM)

hig

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (33)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

5523

6103

606713

P{sqh-Pkn.RBD.G58A.StFP}10, w^*

606714

w^*; P{sqh-Pkn.RBD.G58A.StFP}21

606715

w^*; P{sqh-Pkn.RBD.G58A.StFP}30

51566

w^*; P{PTT-GC}Pkn^CC01654

12052

P{PZ}Pkn^rG232/CyO; ry⁵⁰⁶

108276

2055R-1

2055R-2

v330308

P{VSH330308}attP40

v108870

P{KK101337}VIE-260B

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (32)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (105)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0020621

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0020621

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

(Rogers et al., 2003)

Shows particularly robust cycling of transcription in adult heads, as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated during three 12-point time course experiments over the course of 6 days.

(Claridge-Chang et al., 2001)

Pkn is required specifically for epidermal shape changes during the morphogenetic process of dorsal closure in the developing embryo. Together with Rho1, Pkn mediates a pathway for cell shape changes in dorsal closure that is independent of the Rac GTPase-mediated Jun amino (N)-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade.

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

Pkn has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed.

(Ueno et al., 1997)

Isolated from a genomic library using a Pka-C1 probe.

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Pkn may encode a protein kinase.

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

Gene in D.melanogaster encoding product related (by sequence comparison) to the serine-threonine protein kinases of mammals. Isolated from Drosophila clones obtained with mammalian probes.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Pkn l(2)06736 Pk45C

(Lu and Settleman, 1999)

Source for merge of: CG2049 CG2055

(Morrison et al., 2000)

Source for merge of: Pkn CG2049

(Dockendorff et al., 2000, FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: Pkn v(2)rG232

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Annotations CG2049, CG2055 merged as CG2049 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (25)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

3-2

(Kalderon and Rubin, 1988)

CG2049

(Meadows, 2017.1.11, Çiçek et al., 2016, Bridon et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Xu et al., 2004, Giot et al., 2003, Rogers et al., 2003, Claridge-Chang et al., 2001)

CG2055

CG8

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

CT6637

(Morrison et al., 2000)

CT6660

(Morrison et al., 2000)

DPKN

(Lu and Settleman, 1998)

Dpkn

(Chen et al., 2004, Ueno et al., 1997)

PKC-related

(Shieh et al., 2002)

PKN

(Li et al., 2020, Silver et al., 2019, Otani et al., 2016, Bausek and Zeidler, 2014, Simões et al., 2014, Yashiro et al., 2014, Khoo et al., 2013, Vaqué et al., 2013, Massarwa et al., 2009, Widmann and Dahmann, 2009, Bjorklund et al., 2006, Simões et al., 2006, Rogers et al., 2003, Ostrow and Momin, 2001, Settleman, 2001)

PRK2

(Morrison et al., 2000)

Pk45C

Pk?3

Pkn

(Parkhurst, 2025.5.25, Berg et al., 2024, Ding et al., 2022, Fabre et al., 2022, Gallo et al., 2022, Havula et al., 2022, Lebo et al., 2021, Ostalé et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Pamudurti et al., 2020, Ponte et al., 2020, Boucher et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Mortensen et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Van Bortle et al., 2015, Verboon et al., 2015, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Ferreira et al., 2014, Rudrapatna et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Parkhurst, 2013.10.2, Vaque et al., 2013, Bridon et al., 2012, Hazelett et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Murray et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Campos et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Warner and Longmore, 2009, Betson and Settleman, 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Pirraglia and Myat, 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Kobayashi et al., 2006)

dPKN

(Rintelen et al., 2001)

l(2)06736

(Dockendorff et al., 2000, Spradling et al., 1999, Zhang, 1995.11.5)

l(2)45Ca

(Dockendorff et al., 2000, Konev et al., 1994)

pkn

(Tsankova et al., 2017, Sass and Ostrow, 2014, Vaqué et al., 2013)

v(2)rG232

Name Synonyms

Complementation group 8

(Ferreira et al., 2014)

Protein kinase N

(Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Khoo et al., 2013)

Protein kinase related to protein kinase N

(Rudrapatna et al., 2014, Campos et al., 2010, Ueno et al., 1997)

Protein kinase-like 45C

protein kinase N

(Ferreira et al., 2014, Rogers et al., 2003)

protein kinase c related

(Kockel et al., 2001)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0004459
FBgn0010625
FBgn0015480
FBgn0028556
FBgn0033398
FBgn0033399

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 126 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

35950

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

A1Z7T0

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A1Z7T0

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

A1Z7T0

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35950/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0020621

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0020621

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0020621

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG2049

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

35950

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61787

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0020621

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0020621

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0020621

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0020621

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0020621

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2049

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0020621

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0020621

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC032431

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35950

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

35950

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

A1Z7T2

References (141)