FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\chb

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\chb

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

chromosome bows

Annotation Symbol

CG32435

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0021760

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

15 publicly available

Gene Summary

chromosome bows (chb) encodes a microtubule plus-end tracking protein that promotes stabilization of microtubule dynamics. It is required for several mitotic aspects such as kinetochore attachment and central spindle formation. chb product is also essential for construction of polarized microtubule network in egg chambers and fusome formation in spermatogenesis and oogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-04] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

orbit, CLASP, mast, Mast/Orbit, v40

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

78C1-78C2

Sequence location

3L:21,172,853..21,183,278 [+]

Recombination map

3-47

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:21172853..21183278

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (43 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables GTP binding

inferred from direct assay

(Inoue et al., 2000)

enables microtubule binding

inferred from direct assay

(Inoue et al., 2000, Lemos et al., 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables microtubule binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000490604

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables tubulin binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR048491

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (18 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (18 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Maiato et al., 2002)

involved_in axon guidance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lee et al., 2004)

involved_in cystoblast division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mathe et al., 2003)

involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle localization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mathe et al., 2003)

involved_in hemocyte migration

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stramer et al., 2010)

involved_in mitotic cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Maiato et al., 2002, Inoue et al., 2000)

involved_in mitotic sister chromatid segregation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lemos et al., 2000)

involved_in mitotic spindle assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Leano et al., 2013)

involved_in mitotic spindle elongation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Goshima et al., 2005, Maiato et al., 2002)

involved_in mitotic spindle organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mathe et al., 2003, Maiato et al., 2002, Lemos et al., 2000)

involved_in oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mathe et al., 2003)

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mathe et al., 2003)

involved_in ovarian fusome organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mathe et al., 2003)

involved_in positive regulation of microtubule polymerization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Leano et al., 2013)

involved_in regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Maiato et al., 2002)

involved_in spindle assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Inoue et al., 2004)

involved_in spindle organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Inoue et al., 2000)

involved_in stem cell population maintenance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mathe et al., 2003)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle localization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008577564

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in mitotic spindle assembly

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000490606

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (22 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (19 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in centrosome

inferred from direct assay

(Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in chromosome, centromeric region

inferred from direct assay

(Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in contractile ring

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003, Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in fusome

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013, Mathe et al., 2003)

located_in germline ring canal

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003)

located_in growth cone

inferred from direct assay

(Beaven et al., 2015)

located_in kinetochore

inferred from direct assay

(Goshima et al., 2007)

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

part_of microtubule associated complex

inferred from direct assay

(Inoue et al., 2000)

located_in microtubule organizing center

inferred from direct assay

(Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in microtubule plus-end

inferred from direct assay

(Beaven et al., 2015)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Leano et al., 2013)

located_in nuclear membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003, Inoue et al., 2000)

located_in polar microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in spectrosome

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

located_in spindle envelope

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

located_in spindle microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003, Inoue et al., 2000, Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in spindle pole

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003)

located_in spindle

inferred from direct assay

(Goshima et al., 2007)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in basal cortex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008577564

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in cytoplasmic microtubule

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000490604

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in kinetochore

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008577564

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in microtubule organizing center

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000490606

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in mitotic spindle

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000490606

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in spindle microtubule

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000490606

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the CLASP family. (Q9NBD7)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Microtubule plus-end tracking protein that promotes the stabilization of dynamic microtubules. Required for several aspects of mitotic spindle formation including the formation of the overlapping central spindle microtubules and kinetochore attachment. Required for the incorporation of tubulin subunits at the plus ends of kinetochore microtubules during poleward microtubule flux. Acts antagonistically to Klp10A and Klp67A to maintain metaphase spindle length. Also required for guidance of CNS axons downstream of Abl. May function to identify a subset of microtubules that probe the peripheral growth cone domain, where guidance signals exert their influence on cytoskeletal organization. Also required during oogenesis for the organization of the polarized microtubule network inside the 16-cell cyst that ensures oocyte differentiation.

(UniProt, Q9NBD7)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction - maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals - zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\chb for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9NBD7)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

4G3A

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

chb-RA

FBtr0089461

NM_079912

5930

1491

chb-RB

FBtr0089460

NM_168882

5375

1491

chb-RC

FBtr0089462

NM_168883

5264

1491

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

6.5, 6.0 (northern blot)

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

chb-PA

FBpp0088470

165.6

1491

9.21

FBpp0088469

165.6

1491

9.21

FBpp0088471

165.6

1491

9.21

Q9NBD7

NP_730597

AAN12153

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1491 aa isoforms: chb-PA, chb-PB, chb-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

1492 (aa); 165 (kD observed)

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with CLIP-190 and microtubules.

(UniProt, Q9NBD7)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

4G3A

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q9NBD7

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\chb using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.16

Transcript Expression

No Assay Recorded

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

organism

(Inoue et al., 2000)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 9

organism

(Lee et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Lee et al., 2004)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunohistochemistry

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 17

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

• axon

(Lee et al., 2004)

motor neuron

• growth cone

(Lee et al., 2004)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

hub cell

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

male germline cyst

• spectrosome & fusome & male germline ring canal

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

spermatid axoneme

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

adult stage | male & spermatogenesis

male germline stem cell

• spectrosome

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 4

(Inoue et al., 2000)

larval stage

larval brain

(Inoue et al., 2000)

adult stage

ovary

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

chb protein co-localizes with microtubles in the mitotic spindle.

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Marker for

oocyte

(Sun et al., 2010)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in centrosome

inferred from direct assay

(Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in chromosome, centromeric region

inferred from direct assay

(Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in contractile ring

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003, Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in fusome

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013, Mathe et al., 2003)

located_in germline ring canal

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003)

located_in growth cone

inferred from direct assay

(Beaven et al., 2015)

located_in kinetochore

inferred from direct assay

(Goshima et al., 2007)

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

part_of microtubule associated complex

inferred from direct assay

(Inoue et al., 2000)

located_in microtubule organizing center

inferred from direct assay

(Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in microtubule plus-end

inferred from direct assay

(Beaven et al., 2015)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Leano et al., 2013)

located_in nuclear membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003, Inoue et al., 2000)

located_in polar microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in spectrosome

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

located_in spindle envelope

inferred from direct assay

(Miyauchi et al., 2013)

located_in spindle microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003, Inoue et al., 2000, Lemos et al., 2000)

located_in spindle pole

inferred from direct assay

(Mathe et al., 2003)

located_in spindle

inferred from direct assay

(Goshima et al., 2007)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\chb in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\chb

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\chb

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

43901/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0021760

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0021760

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0021760

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG32435

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0021760

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 29 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 32 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of chb

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of chb

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 10 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 10 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3L)31A

(Maiato et al., 2002)

Df(3L)BSC449

(Bu et al., 2022)

Df(3L)BSC733

(Bu et al., 2022)

Df(3L)chb²

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Df(3L)chb⁴

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Df(3L)Pc-9a

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Df(3L)Pc-12h

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3L)Pc-14d

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Df(3L)Pc

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(3L)CRIMIC-CR70180

(Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-)

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | larval stage (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

chb⁵

lethal | pupal stage (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

chb⁵

lethal - all die before end of P-stage | recessive

chb⁵

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with Df(3L)31A)

chb^EP3403

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive

chb^P4

lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Df(3L)31A)

chb^v40

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive

chb^S068607

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

chb^v40

partially lethal - majority die

chb^EP3515

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

chb^S068607

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

chb^GD10677

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

chb^GD10677

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

chb^GD10677

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

chb^GD10677

viable (with chb⁵)

chb⁶

viable (with chb⁶)

chb⁵

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

female sterile (with chb⁵)

female sterile (with chb⁶)

female sterile (with chb^S068607)

female sterile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

female sterile | recessive

fertile

chb^EY10173

male sterile

male sterile (with chb⁵)

male sterile (with chb⁶)

male sterile (with chb^S068607)

male sterile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

male sterile | recessive

sterile | recessive

chb^EP3515

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell adhesion

chb²

abnormal cytokinesis

chb⁷

abnormal mitotic cell cycle

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | maternal effect

chb^mast5

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | recessive

abnormal neuroanatomy

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

abnormal neuroanatomy (with chb²)

chb⁴

abnormal neuroanatomy (with chb⁴)

chb²

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^peb-GAL4

chb^GL00367

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

chb^EP3403

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | somatic clone

chb⁴

abnormal neuroanatomy | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

abnormal neuroanatomy | P-stage | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4^GSG2295

chb^UAS.GFP

abnormal neuroanatomy | P-stage | somatic clone

abnormal size | larval stage (with chb²)

abnormal size | larval stage (with chb³)

chb²

abnormal size | larval stage (with chb⁴)

chb²

abnormal size | larval stage (with Df(3L)Pc-9a)

abnormal size | oogenesis

chb⁶

abnormal size | oogenesis (with chb⁵)

chb⁶

abnormal size | oogenesis (with chb⁶)

chb⁵

abnormal size | oogenesis (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

chb⁶

decreased cell number | oogenesis

chb⁶

decreased cell number | oogenesis (with chb⁵)

chb⁶

decreased cell number | oogenesis (with chb⁶)

chb⁵

decreased cell number | oogenesis (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

chb⁶

decreased occurrence of cell division | oogenesis

chb⁶

decreased size | embryonic stage (with Df(3L)BSC553)

chb²

some die during embryonic stage (with Df(3L)31A)

chb^v40

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

chb^v40

some die during embryonic stage | recessive | maternal effect | recessive

chb^S068607

some die during pharate adult stage | recessive

chb⁵

some die during pupal stage (with Df(3L)31A)

chb^EP3403

some die during pupal stage | recessive

chb^P4

visible | recessive

chb^S068607

wild-type

chb^+t14

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult antennal lobe glomerulus, with Scer\GAL4^peb-GAL4

chb^GL00367

adult antennal olfactory receptor neuron, with Scer\GAL4^peb-GAL4

chb^GL00367

anterior fascicle & synapse, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

chb^EP3403

axon

chb²

axon (with Df(3L)BSC553)

chb²

axon | embryonic stage (with Df(3L)BSC553)

chb²

centriole

chb^v40

centrosome

chb^unspecified

centrosome | maternal effect

chb^mast5

chromosome, centromeric region | maternal effect

chb^mast5

cyst cell of ovary

chb⁶

cystoblast

chb⁶

dendrite, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

dendrite | larval stage | somatic clone

chb⁴

dendrite | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

dendrite | P-stage | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4^GSG2295

chb^UAS.GFP

dendrite | P-stage | somatic clone

dendritic microtubule, with Scer\GAL4^221w-

chb^HMS01146

dendritic microtubule, with Scer\GAL4⁴⁷⁷

chb^KK101829

dendritic microtubule, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

dendritic microtubule | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

chb^UAS.Tag:HA

dendritic microtubule | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

chb^UAS.Tag:HA

egg | maternal effect

chb^S068607

egg chamber

egg chamber (with chb⁵)

chb⁶

egg chamber (with chb⁶)

chb⁵

egg chamber (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

chb⁶

egg chamber | oogenesis

chb^S068607

embryonic/larval hemocyte

chb²

eye

chb^S068607

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

chb^UAS.GFP

fascicle

chb^P4

fascicle, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

chb^UAS.GFP

female germline stem cell

chb⁶

fusome | oogenesis

chb⁶

ganglion & mitotic cell cycle & larva

chb^v40

germarium

chb⁶

Golgi apparatus, with Scer\GAL4^221w-

chb^HMS01146

larval brain & nuclear chromosome

chb^v40

larval central nervous system | larval stage (with chb²)

larval central nervous system | larval stage (with chb³)

chb²

larval central nervous system | larval stage (with chb⁴)

chb²

larval central nervous system | larval stage (with Df(3L)Pc-9a)

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4⁴⁷⁷

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC (with chb⁴)

chb⁴⁶⁴

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC (with chb⁴⁶⁴)

chb⁴

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

chb^UAS.Tag:HA

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | larval stage | somatic clone

chb⁴

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | P-stage | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4^GSG2295

chb^UAS.GFP

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | P-stage | somatic clone

larval intersegmental nerve

chb⁴

larval intersegmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

chb^EP3403

larval neuron, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

chb^EP3403

macrochaeta

chb^S068607

metaphase & condensed nuclear chromosome | maternal effect

chb^mast5

microtubule

microtubule, with Scer\GAL4⁴⁷⁷

chb^UAS.cBa

microtubule, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

microtubule (with chb⁴)

chb⁴⁶⁴

microtubule (with chb⁴⁶⁴)

chb⁴

microtubule organizing center

chb⁶

microtubule plus-end | embryonic stage (with Df(3L)BSC553)

chb²

mitotic cell cycle

mitotic cell cycle & centrosome | maternal effect

chb^S068607

mitotic cell cycle & midbody | maternal effect

chb^S068607

mitotic cell cycle & neuroblast

chb^v40

mitotic cell cycle & spindle | maternal effect

chb^S068607

mitotic cell cycle | maternal effect

chb^S068607

mitotic metaphase

mitotic prometaphase | maternal effect

chb^mast5

mitotic spindle

chb^S068607

Nebenkern & spermatocyte

nucleus & spermatocyte

nucleus | embryonic stage | maternal effect

chb^S068607

nurse cell

chb⁶

nurse cell ring canal

chb⁶

ommatidium

chb^S068607

oocyte

chb⁶

ovariole

chb⁶

ovary

ovary (with chb⁵)

chb⁶

ovary (with chb⁶)

chb⁵

ovary (with Df(3L)31A)

chb^EP3515

ovary (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

chb⁶

ovary | maternal effect

chb^S068607

pCC neuron

chb⁴

pericentriolar material

chb^unspecified

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with chb²)

chb⁴

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with chb⁴)

chb²

ring canal | oogenesis

chb⁶

spermatozoon

chb⁵

spindle

spindle & spermatocyte

chb⁷

spindle | maternal effect

chb^mast5

testis

testis (with Df(3L)31A)

chb^EP3515

unfertilized egg

chb^S068607

wing

chb^S068607

wing disc | larval stage (with chb²)

wing disc | larval stage (with chb³)

chb²

wing disc | larval stage (with chb⁴)

chb²

wing disc | larval stage (with Df(3L)Pc-9a)

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (4)

Hsap\CLASP1

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CLASP2

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\TOGARAM1

1 of 14

Hsap\TOGARAM2

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)

Rnor\Clasp2

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Clasp1

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Togaram1

1 of 14

Rnor\Togaram2

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)

Mmus\Clasp1

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Clasp2

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Togaram1

1 of 14

Mmus\Togaram2

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

Xtro\clasp1

10 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)

Drer\clasp1a

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\clasp2

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC101884241

3 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)

Cele\cls-3

13 of 14

Yes

Cele\cls-1

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\cls-2

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\C27C12.1

3 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007623

12 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)

Atha\CLASP

11 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

Scer\STU1

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\peg1

2 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:chb. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

chb^EP3403

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^V337M.UAS

(Shulman and Feany, 2003)

chb^EY22501

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.cWa

(Feuillette et al., 2020)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CLASP1; cytoplasmic linker associated protein 1

13 of 14

605852

CLASP2; cytoplasmic linker associated protein 2

13 of 14

605853

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

chb - Eb1

pull down, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Mennella et al., 2005, Rogers et al., 2004)

chb - en

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

chb - msps

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Trogden and Rogers, 2015)

chb - p53

pull down, autoradiography

(Lunardi et al., 2010)

chb - polo

protein kinase assay, autoradiography

(Moriwaki and Goshima, 2016)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Lee et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

bip1

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

Cam

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

capu

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

CG31957

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

CG34021

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

CG42524

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

Dab

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

dve

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

E(bx)

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

Mekk1

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

msps

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

msps

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

Npc2a

(Lowery et al., 2010)

suppressible

(Bu et al., 2022)

enhanceable

(Bu et al., 2022)

suppressible

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

pnut

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

RfC38

(Lowery et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Lee et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

shn

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

shot

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

sip2

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

slv

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

Su(dx)

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

Su(z)2

(Lowery et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Bu et al., 2022)

enhanceable

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

trbl

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

Vha36-2

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

wnd

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

suppressible

wrd

(Lowery et al., 2010)

chb

enhanceable

zip

(Lowery et al., 2010)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Lee et al., 2004)

suppressible

(Lee et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Huang and Rubin, 2000)

suppressible

(Bu et al., 2022)

suppressible

(Huang and Rubin, 2000)

yki

enhanceable

chb

(Gerlach et al., 2018)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with CLIP-190 and microtubules.

(UniProt, Q9NBD7 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68704

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0021760

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43901

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43901

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-47

Cytogenetic map

78C1-78C2

Sequence location

3L:21,172,853..21,183,278 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

78C1-78C2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L5541^L5541 and P{EP}chb^EP3403

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

78C1-78C2

(Maiato, 2000.3.30, Huang, 1999.10.18)

78C1-78C2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Huang and Rubin, 2000, Lemos et al., 2000)

78B-78B

(Inoue, 1999.8.11)

78C-78C

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Inoue et al., 2000, Deak et al., 1997)

78D-78D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Omel'yanchuk et al., 1997, Omelyanchuk and Lebedeva, 1997)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-43.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

3-46.6

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Left of (cM)

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Right of (cM)

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (15)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

85060

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{PB}chb^c05194

22253

y¹ w^*; P{Mae-UAS.6.11}LA00866

24503

Df(3L)chb⁴, chb⁴/TM6B, Tb¹

21357

y¹ w^67c23; P{EPgy2}chb^EY10173

22566

y¹ w^67c23; P{EPgy2}chb^EY22501

35442

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00367}attP2

34669

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01146}attP2

Kyoto

103785

w^*; P{GawB}chb^NP0843 / TM3, Ser¹

NIG-Fly

32435R-2

P{NIG.32435R}2

GL00367

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00367}attP2

VDRC

v108620

P{KK101829}VIE-260B

v26051

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD10677}v26051

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (32)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (54)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0021760

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0021760

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Inoue et al., 2000)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

S2-Mt-mCherry-alphaTub84B+Mt-GFP-Orbit

Other Stable Cell Lines

New stable cell line derived from S2-DGRC : Stable S2 cell lines were created containing GFP-tagged Eb1, mars, chb, or mei-38 proteins.
(Popova et al., 2022)

Other Comments

S2 cells treated with RNAi against chb show reduced poleward flux rates of tubulin subunits in mitotic spindles and suppressed α-tubulin turnover at the microtubule plus ends of the spindles. There is a significantly increased scatter of chromosomes throughout the spindle in the RNAi treated cells compared to controls. Pole-to-pole spindle lengths are significantly reduced in the RNAi treated cells compared to controls.

(Buster et al., 2007)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in aberrantly short spindles when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

(Goshima et al., 2007)

S2 cells transfected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene show shortening of the metaphase spindle.

(Goshima et al., 2005)

chb is necessary for accurate axon guidance at the ventral midline choice point during embryogenesis. chb appears to act downstream of Abl in the sli repellent pathway.

(Lee et al., 2004)

chb is required for stem cell and cystocyte divisions during oogenesis. It is also required during mid-oogenesis for the organisation of the polarised microtubule network inside the 16-cell cyst that ensures oocyte differentiation.

(Mathe et al., 2003)

New annotation (CG32435) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Area matching Drosophila EST AA392551.

(Davies, 2001.3.15)

chb is essential for mitosis.

(Inoue et al., 2000)

chb plays an essential role in centrosome separation and organisation of the bipolar mitotic spindle.

(Lemos et al., 2000)

chb is involved in the control of cell division.

(Omel'yanchuk et al., 1997)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: chb mast

(Lemos et al., 2000)

Source for merge of: chb NEST:bs13a06 NEST:bs17d05 NEST:bs28g05

(Rana, 2004.7.8)

Source for merge of: chb BcDNA:LD31673

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: chb CG32435

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: chb anon-WO0104295

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: chb MESR7 orbit

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

First exon of release 3.1 annotation CG32435-RB split into a distinct annotation, CG33486 (which corresponds to asparagine-synthetase), in release 3.2 of the genome annotation. Release 3.2 annotation CG32435 corresponds to chb.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)

Source for merge of chb MESR7 orbit was sequence comparison ( date:001216 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of chb BcDNA:LD31673 was TrEMBL update ( date:020807 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of chb CG32435 was sequence comparison ( date:021112 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of chb anon-WO0104295 was sequence comparison ( date:030908 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Considering the compact chromosome structure seen in the v40 mutant the authors propose the mutation is termed chromosome bows (chb).

(Fedorova et al., 1997)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (36)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

0686/07

(Deak et al., 1997)

BcDNA:LD31673

CG32435

(Neuert et al., 2017, Azad et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Lunardi et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Edwards et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Goshima et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2006)

CLASP

(Budhathoki et al., 2026, Yagoubat and Conduit, 2025, Costa and Ohkura, 2019, Barlan et al., 2017, Myat et al., 2015, Kitazawa et al., 2014, Leano et al., 2013, Miyauchi et al., 2013, Lowery et al., 2010, Lince-Faria et al., 2009, Matos et al., 2009, Moutinho-Pereira et al., 2009, Maiato et al., 2005, Odde, 2005)

Chb

(Emond-Fraser et al., 2023, Cai et al., 2019, Yang et al., 2012, Finan et al., 2011)

DMAP160

(Lemos et al., 2000)

MAST

(Rogers et al., 2008, Heun et al., 2006, Kai et al., 2005, Mennella et al., 2005, Sunkel et al., 2005, Maiato et al., 2001)

MAST/Orbit

(Maiato et al., 2005)

MESR7

(Huang and Rubin, 2000, Huang, 1999.10.18)

Mast

(Moutinho-Pereira et al., 2009, Buster et al., 2007, D'Avino et al., 2005, Goshima et al., 2005, Odde, 2005, Sunkel et al., 2001)

Mast/Orbit

(De la Mora-Rey et al., 2013)

NEST:bs13a06

NEST:bs17d05

NEST:bs28g05

Orbit

(Shoda et al., 2021, Gerlach et al., 2018, Kitazawa et al., 2014, Miyauchi et al., 2013, Giansanti et al., 2012, Moutinho-Pereira et al., 2009, Goshima et al., 2005, Odde, 2005)

Orbit/MAST

(Rogers et al., 2004)

Orbit/Mast

(McNally, 2001)

anon-WO0104295

chb

(Guo et al., 2025, Lee et al., 2023, Popova et al., 2022, Feuillette et al., 2020, Weiner et al., 2020, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Neuert et al., 2017, Rohde et al., 2017, Sanfilippo et al., 2017, Das et al., 2016, Noble et al., 2016, Merlo et al., 2014, Sen et al., 2013, Azad et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Joyce et al., 2012, Ueno and Kidokoro, 2008, Molnar et al., 2006)

chb(v40)

(Fedorova et al., 1997)

chb/mast/orbit

(Joyce et al., 2012)

clasp

(Razzell et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2006)

dCLASP

(Beaven et al., 2015)

mast

(Leano et al., 2013, Williams et al., 2007, Kwon and Scholey, 2004, Maiato et al., 2002, Lemos et al., 2000, Maiato, 2000.3.30)

mast/orbit

(Sharp, 2002)

orb

(Stramer et al., 2010)

orbit

(Giansanti et al., 2012, Gistelinck et al., 2012, Kitazawa et al., 2012, Razzell et al., 2011, Williams et al., 2007, Anonymous, 2004, Kwon and Scholey, 2004, Shulman and Feany, 2003, Minestrini et al., 2002, Inoue, 2000.5.9, Inoue et al., 2000, Kline-Smith and Walczak, 2000)

orbit/MAST

(Kalil and Dent, 2004, Lee et al., 2004)

orbit/mast

(Mathe et al., 2003)

v40

(Fedorova et al., 1997, Omel'yanchuk et al., 1997)

Name Synonyms

CLASP

(Reis et al., 2009, Walczak, 2005)

Clasp

(Costa and Ohkura, 2019, Parsons and Foley, 2016, Vlisidou and Wood, 2015)

MAST/Orbit

(Walczak, 2005)

Mast

(Reis et al., 2009)

Mast/Orbit

(Fernandez et al., 2009, Goshima et al., 2007)

Misexpression suppressor of ras 7

(Huang, 1999.10.18)

Orbit

(Frappaolo et al., 2022, Reis et al., 2009, Rogers et al., 2008)

Orbit/MAST

(Bu et al., 2022)

Orbit/Mast/CLASP

(Laycock et al., 2006)

chromosome bows

(Taniguchi et al., 2014, Leano et al., 2013)

clasp

(Stramer et al., 2010)

multiple asters

(Leano et al., 2013, Maiato, 2000.3.30)

orbit

(Bu et al., 2022, Leano et al., 2013, Stramer et al., 2010, Laycock et al., 2006, D'Avino et al., 2005)

orbit/clasp

(Stramer et al., 2010)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0041101
FBgn0041587
FBgn0043506
FBgn0045153
FBgn0045266
FBgn0045320
FBgn0047200
FBgn0052435

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 66 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

43901

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9NBD7

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9NBD7

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9NBD7

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

43901/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0021760

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0021760

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0021760

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG32435

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

43901

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

4G3A

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68704

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0021760

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0021760

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0021760

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0021760

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0021760

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG32435

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0021760

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC008618

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43901

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43901

References (158)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

4.16

Report Sections