FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\wrd
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\wrd
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
well-rounded
Annotation Symbol
CG7913
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0042693
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
16 publicly available
Gene Summary
well-rounded (wrd) encodes one of the two regulatory B' subunits of the protein phosphatase PP2A. It influences metabolism and growth via negative regulation of the InR/TOR signalling network. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-08] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

PP2A-B', PP2A, B56-1, B'/PR61

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
90F4-90F5
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-62
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:18167757..18180049
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein phosphatase activator activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000029087
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables protein phosphatase regulator activity
non-traceable author statement
(Van Hoof and Goris, 2003)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002554
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (12 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Neal et al., 2022)
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hahn et al., 2010)
involved_in negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hahn et al., 2010)
involved_in neuromuscular junction development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Viquez et al., 2006)
involved_in neuromuscular synaptic transmission
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Viquez et al., 2006)
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bánréti et al., 2012)
involved_in synaptic vesicle localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2014)
involved_in synaptonemal complex disassembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Barbosa et al., 2021)
involved_in triglyceride homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hahn et al., 2010)
NOT involved_in sex comb development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Moazzen et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process
non-traceable author statement
(Van Hoof and Goris, 2003)
involved_in signal transduction
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002554
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002567314
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002567314
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of protein phosphatase type 2A complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002567314
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002554
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
well-rounded (wrd) encodes one of the two regulatory B' subunits of the protein phosphatase PP2A. It influences metabolism and growth via negative regulation of the InR/TOR signalling network. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-08]
Pathway (FlyBase)
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF INSULIN-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Negative regulators of the Insulin-like Receptor signaling pathway suppress Insulin-like receptor (InR) activation or the activity of intracellular effectors. (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989).
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY -
The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Negative regulators of the pathway promote the nuclear accumulation of yki, enhancing yki-mediated transcriptional regulation and the expression of genes that positively regulate tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
Gene Group (FlyBase)
WRD-PROTEIN PHOSOPHATASE 2A COMPLEX -
wrd-PP2A is a serine/threonine phosphatase complex characterized by the presence of a wrd regulatory B' subunit. (Adapted from FBrf0232706.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
14
Number of Unique Polypeptides
9

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\wrd for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8IN89)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
wrd-RA
FBtr0083555
NM_169790
3269
951
wrd-RB
FBtr0083556
NM_169789
3549
984
wrd-RC
FBtr0083554
NM_169788
1823
554
wrd-RD
FBtr0083552
NM_169787
2321
670
wrd-RE
FBtr0083553
NM_142424
2494
670
wrd-RI
FBtr0290321
NM_001144600
1704
438
wrd-RJ
FBtr0290320
NM_001144599
2831
703
wrd-RK
FBtr0290319
NM_001144598
3572
656
wrd-RL
FBtr0305032
NM_001260247
2453
670
wrd-RM
FBtr0305033
NM_001260248
2280
670
wrd-RN
FBtr0305034
NM_001260249
2727
670
wrd-RO
FBtr0306646
NM_001260250
4402
656
wrd-RP
FBtr0336466
NM_001275765
2870
683
wrd-RQ
FBtr0336467
NM_001275766
3380
716
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
wrd-PA
FBpp0082977
102.2
951
6.43
Q9VEC6
NP_732296
AAF55501
wrd-PB
FBpp0082978
106.0
984
6.56
Q8IN89
NP_732295
AAN13758
wrd-PC
FBpp0082976
64.4
554
6.41
Q8IN90
NP_732294
AAN13757
wrd-PD
FBpp0082974
75.3
670
5.68
Q0KI58
NP_732293
AAF55500
wrd-PE
FBpp0082975
75.3
670
5.68
Q0KI58
NP_650681
AAF55499
wrd-PI
FBpp0288760
51.4
438
5.93
B7Z0L7
NP_001138072
ACL83530
wrd-PJ
FBpp0288759
79.1
703
5.92
B7Z0L6
NP_001138071
ACL83529
wrd-PK
FBpp0288758
73.7
656
5.56
Q5BIJ2
NP_001138070
ACL83528
wrd-PL
FBpp0293569
75.3
670
5.68
Q0KI58
NP_001247176
AFH06494
wrd-PM
FBpp0293570
75.3
670
5.68
Q0KI58
NP_001247177
AFH06495
wrd-PN
FBpp0293571
75.3
670
5.68
Q0KI58
NP_001247178
AFH06496
wrd-PO
FBpp0297601
73.7
656
5.56
Q5BIJ2
NP_001247179
AFH06497
wrd-PP
FBpp0307569
76.7
683
6.06
A0A0B4KHP7
NP_001262694
AGB96074
wrd-PQ
FBpp0307570
80.5
716
6.26
A0A0B4KHB9
NP_001262695
AGB96075
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

670 aa isoforms: wrd-PD, wrd-PE, wrd-PL, wrd-PM, wrd-PN
656 aa isoforms: wrd-PK, wrd-PO
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\wrd using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.51

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
larval central nervous system
(Viquez et al., 2006)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
• axon
(Viquez et al., 2006)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
(Viquez et al., 2006)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
(Viquez et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data

PP2A-B' protein is expressed in the larval CNS, enriched in the synaptic neuropil. In the neuromuscular junction, expression is detected in the motor neuron axon and in the presynaptic terminal. Weak expression is also seen in the postsynaptic membrane and in the muscle.

(Viquez et al., 2006)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\wrd in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 34 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of wrd
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of wrd
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
partially lethal - majority die
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
Sterility
Allele
female fertile
female fertile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR
fertile
male fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4477, Scer\GAL4ppk.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with Df(3R)DG4)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | recessive
abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage (with Df(3R)DG4)
abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage | recessive
decreased body size | adult stage
short lived
visible, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
bouton, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
bouton & neuromuscular junction | larval stage
bouton & neuromuscular junction | larval stage (with Df(3R)DG4)
dendrite, with Scer\GAL4477, Scer\GAL4ppk.PU
karyosome, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR
microtubule & neuromuscular junction | larval stage
multidendritic neuron, with Scer\GAL4477, Scer\GAL4ppk.PU
neuromuscular junction, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
NMJ bouton | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
synapse
synaptic vesicle
synaptonemal complex | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
Hsap\PPP2R5D
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\PPP2R5C
11 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PPP2R5A
6 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PPP2R5B
6 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PPP2R5E
6 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Ppp2r5d
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ppp2r5c
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Ppp2r5a
6 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ppp2r5b
6 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ppp2r5e
6 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Mmus\Ppp2r5d
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ppp2r5c
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Ppp2r5b
6 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ppp2r5e
6 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ppp2r5a
5 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\ppp2r5c
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\capn10l
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ppp2r5b
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ppp2r5a
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ppp2r5e
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\eif3e
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mad2l2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\ppp2r5d
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\ppp2r5cb
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ppp2r5ca
7 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ppp2r5a
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\ppp2r5ea
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\ppp2r5eb
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\ppp2r5b
5 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\pptr-2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\pptr-1
6 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y39B6A.13
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009341
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004096
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009339
1 of 12
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (9)
Atha\AT1G13460
10 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT3G21650
10 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT3G26020
10 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\ATB' ALPHA
10 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\ATB' BETA
10 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\ATB' DELTA
10 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\ATB' GAMMA
10 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT3G54930
9 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G25510
8 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\RTS1
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\par1
9 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\par2
8 of 12
No
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:wrd. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
wdb
10 of 13
CG32568
5 of 13
Twdlα
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PPP2R5D; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'delta
    13 of 14
    601646
    PPP2R5C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma
    11 of 14
    601645
      PPP2R5A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'alpha
      6 of 14
      601643
          PPP2R5B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'beta
          6 of 14
          601644
              PPP2R5E; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'epsilon
              6 of 14
              601647
                  Functional Complementation Data
                  Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                  Interactions
                  Summary of Physical Interactions
                  Summary of Genetic Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                  Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  wrd
                  suppressible
                  Liprin-α
                  (Li et al., 2014)
                  wrd
                  suppressible
                  RhoGAP100F
                  (Li et al., 2014)
                  wrd
                  suppressible
                  S6k
                  (Hahn et al., 2010)
                  wrd
                  suppressible
                  sgg
                  (Li et al., 2014)
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  chb
                  suppressible
                  wrd
                  (Lowery et al., 2010)
                  CycG
                  suppressible
                  wrd
                  (Fischer et al., 2016)
                  dom
                  enhanceable
                  wrd
                  (Kwon et al., 2013)
                  Liprin-α
                  suppressible
                  wrd
                  (Li et al., 2014)
                  mts
                  enhanceable
                  wrd
                  (Viquez et al., 2006)
                  tefu
                  enhanceable
                  wrd
                  (Rimkus et al., 2008)
                  wdb
                  enhanceable
                  wrd
                  (Kotadia et al., 2008)
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Pathways
                  Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                  Metabolic Pathways
                  FlyBase
                  External Links
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                  Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                  Class of Gene
                  Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                  Chromosome (arm)
                  3R
                  Recombination map
                  3-62
                  Cytogenetic map
                  90F4-90F5
                  Sequence location
                  FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Evidence for location
                  90F4-90F5
                  Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}cpoEP3679 and P{EP}Dlc90FEP3634
                  Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Notes
                  References
                  Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                  Location

                  3-62

                  (FlyBase, 2016)

                  3-61.5

                  (Comeron et al., 2012)
                  Left of (cM)
                  Right of (cM)
                  Notes
                  Stocks and Reagents
                  Stocks (16)
                  Genomic Clones (18)
                   

                  Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                  cDNA Clones (91)
                   

                  Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                  cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                  For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                  cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                  RNAi and Array Information
                  Linkouts
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Antibody Information
                  Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                   

                  polyclonal

                  (Viquez et al., 2006)
                  Commercially Available Antibodies
                   
                  Cell Line Information
                  Publicly Available Cell Lines
                   
                    Other Stable Cell Lines
                     
                      Other Comments

                      PP2A-B' is a strong binding partner and a downstream effector of Liprin-α.

                      (Li et al., 2014)

                      PP2A-B' is required for normal synaptic growth and morphology.

                      (Viquez et al., 2006)

                      The Hrp59 protein binds preferentially to a subset of mRNAs, including PP2A-B' mRNA.

                      (Kiesler et al., 2005)

                      RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

                      (Boutros et al., 2004)

                      Area matching Drosophila ESTs AA802438 and AI063681 (1030bp contig).

                      (Davies, 2001.3.15)

                      Area matching Drosophila EST AA951147. This EST forms a 695bp EST contig with AA695598 and AA540269.

                      (Davies, 2001.3.15)

                      PP2A-B' has an essential role in positively modulating scr function.

                      (Berry and Gehring, 2000)
                      Relationship to Other Genes
                      Source for database merge of

                      Source for merge of: PP2A-B' CG7901 CG7913

                      (Millburn, 2000.11.9)

                      Source for merge of: PP2A-B' CG7901

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)

                      Source for merge of: PP2A-B' anon-WO0118547.420

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)

                      Source for merge of: PP2A-B' BcDNA:GM05554

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)
                      Additional comments

                      Source for merge of PP2A-B' CG7901 was sequence comparison ( date:001125 ).

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)

                      Source for merge of PP2A-B' anon-WO0118547.420 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)

                      Source for merge of PP2A-B' BcDNA:GM05554 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)
                      Nomenclature History
                      Source for database identify of

                      Source for identity of: wrd PP2A-B'

                      (Viquez et al., 2006)
                      Nomenclature comments

                      FlyBase curator comment: Renamed from "PP2A-B'" to 'wrd' (based on initial characterization and naming in FBrf0193166, and supported by subsequent usage) in order to clarify that this is one of two genes encoding the PP2A-B' subunit - the other is 'wdb' (FBgn0027492).

                      (Viquez et al., 2006)
                      Etymology

                      Author names gene as "well rounded" because homozygous mutant synaptic boutons display a more smoothly rounded contour than wild-type.

                      (Viquez et al., 2006)
                      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (32)
                      Reported As
                      Symbol Synonym
                      B'
                      (Rangone et al., 2011)
                      B'/PR61
                      (Van Hoof and Goris, 2003, Janssens and Goris, 2001)
                      B56-1
                      (Krahn et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2007, Kim and Edery, 2006, Sathyanarayanan et al., 2004)
                      BcDNA:GM05554
                      CG 7913
                      (Viquez et al., 2006)
                      CG7901
                      (Boutros et al., 2004, Hannus et al., 2002, Millburn, 2000.11.9)
                      CG7913
                      (Neuert et al., 2017, Bánréti et al., 2012, Hazelett et al., 2012, Lowery et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Jia et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Viquez et al., 2006, Nybakken et al., 2005, Sathyanarayanan et al., 2004, Battersby et al., 2003, Robertson, 2001.7.7, Millburn, 2000.11.9)
                      PP2A
                      (Bose et al., 2008, Su et al., 2008, Fang et al., 2007, Kunttas et al., 2007, Nam et al., 2007, Kyriacou and Odell, 2004, Bennett et al., 2003)
                      PP2A B'
                      (Zhang et al., 2001)
                      PP2A-B
                      (Kiesler et al., 2005)
                      PP2A-B'
                      (Pang et al., 2021, Neuert et al., 2017, Yamada et al., 2017, Fischer et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Schwartz et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Bánréti et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Alic et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Hahn et al., 2010, Jia et al., 2009, Moazzen et al., 2009, FlyBase Curators, 2008-, Rimkus et al., 2008, Vereshchagina et al., 2008, Bielinski and Mumby, 2007, Kobayashi et al., 2006, Kulkarni et al., 2006)
                      PP2AB'-1
                      (Kotadia et al., 2008)
                      Wrd
                      (Quiniou et al., 2025, Galander and Marston, 2020, Neal et al., 2020, Wolterhoff et al., 2020, Pinto and Orr-Weaver, 2017, Zhao et al., 2017, Li et al., 2014, Brownlee et al., 2011)
                      anon-WO0118547.420
                      dB56-1
                      (Li et al., 2002)
                      dPP2A
                      (Merrow, 2006)
                      dPP2A,B'
                      (Berry and Gehring, 2000)
                      dPP2A-B56-1
                      (Bielinski and Mumby, 2007)
                      i234
                      (Battersby et al., 2003)
                      pp2A-B'
                      (Lowery et al., 2010)
                      wrd
                      (Lawson et al., 2025, Shapiro et al., 2025, Barbosa et al., 2021, Aboukilila et al., 2020, Huang et al., 2020, Rui et al., 2020, Sim et al., 2020, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Fischer et al., 2016, Williams et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Su et al., 2011, Viquez et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Kotadia et al., 2008, Viquez et al., 2006)
                      Name Synonyms
                      PP2A B' regulatory subunit
                      (Viquez et al., 2009)
                      PP2A B' subunit
                      (Hannus et al., 2000)
                      PP2A-B'
                      Protein phosphatase 2A regulatory B subunit
                      (Rollmann et al., 2007)
                      Well Rounded
                      (Li et al., 2014)
                      Well rounded
                      (Fischer et al., 2016)
                      protein phosphatase 2A
                      (Bose et al., 2008)
                      protein phosphatase 2A B'
                      (Li et al., 2014)
                      protein phosphatase 2A-B'
                      (Rimkus et al., 2008)
                      regulatory B' subunit of PP2A
                      (Viquez et al., 2006)
                      well rounded
                      (Viquez et al., 2009, Kotadia et al., 2008, Viquez et al., 2006)
                      well-rounded
                      (Rui et al., 2020, Viquez et al., 2006)
                      Secondary FlyBase IDs
                      • FBgn0038572
                      • FBgn0038573
                      • FBgn0047274
                      • FBgn0062021
                      Datasets (0)
                      Study focus (0)
                      Experimental Role
                      Project
                      Project Type
                      Title
                      Study result (0)
                      Result
                      Result Type
                      Title
                      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 109 )
                      Sequence Crossreferences
                      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      Other crossreferences
                      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                      Linkouts
                      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                      References (134)