FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\robo2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\robo2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
roundabout 2
Annotation Symbol
CG5481
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002543
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
69 publicly available
Gene Summary
roundabout 2 (robo2) encodes a member of the Robo receptor family that responds to the ligand encoded by sli as a repulsive cue in axons, dendrites, muscles, trachea and heart development. It can also inhibit robo1 signaling, likely explaining why the product of robo2 can appear to be an attractive receptor in certain contexts. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

lea, leak, Robo, robo-2, Robo 2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
22A1-22A1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-3
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:1380086..1420453
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (20 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein homodimerization activity
inferred from direct assay
(Evans and Bashaw, 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables axon guidance receptor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR032986
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (17 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jhaveri et al., 2004, Rajagopalan et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000)
involved_in cardioblast cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006)
involved_in central complex development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nicolas and Preat, 2005)
involved_in embryonic heart tube development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006, Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Qian et al., 2005)
involved_in gonad development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Weyers et al., 2011)
involved_in mushroom body development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nicolas and Preat, 2005)
involved_in neuron migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kraut and Zinn, 2004)
involved_in outflow tract morphogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:robo1; FB:FBgn0005631
(Zmojdzian et al., 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Raza and Jacobs, 2016)
involved_in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006)
involved_in regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Englund et al., 2002)
involved_in salivary gland boundary specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kolesnikov and Beckendorf, 2005)
involved_in synaptic target inhibition
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:robo3; FB:FBgn0041097
(Oliva et al., 2016)
involved_in synaptic target recognition
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kurusu et al., 2008)
involved_in ventral cord development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rajagopalan et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR032986
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in axon midline choice point recognition
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR032986
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in Roundabout signaling pathway
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR032986
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(Katsuki et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
roundabout 2 (robo2) encodes a member of the Robo receptor family that responds to the ligand encoded by sli as a repulsive cue in axons, dendrites, muscles, trachea and heart development. It can also inhibit robo1 signaling, likely explaining why the product of robo2 can appear to be an attractive receptor in certain contexts. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ROUNDABOUT -
The Roundabout genes encode transmembrane receptors that mediate repulsive cues by binding to midline repellent sli and regulate axon guidance. (Adapted from FBrf0210796).
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
lea: leak
Embryonic lethal. Head involution incomplete. In combination with Pc-like mutants, abdominal transformations occur.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transmembrane receptor that regulates axon guidance and heart cell and tracheal branch migration

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\robo2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry M9PC46)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
robo2-RA
FBtr0077941
NM_080531
6206
1463
robo2-RB
FBtr0329985
NM_001272939
6206
1519
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
robo2-PA
FBpp0077606
160.0
1463
8.28
Q9VQ08
NP_536792
AAF51375
robo2-PB
FBpp0303020
166.2
1519
8.04
M9PC46
NP_001259868
AGB92405
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\robo2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.57

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
dorsal ridge
(Zhai et al., 2010)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
embryonic/larval heart
(Ahmad et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

robo2 transcript is expressed in the embryonic/larval heart at embryonic stage 16 but not in cardiogenic mesoderm at stage 11.

(Ahmad et al., 2012)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 14
embryonic epidermis
(Orgogozo et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 12 -- 14
ectoderm | restricted
(Kraut and Zinn, 2004)
embryonic stage 13
tracheal dorsal trunk primordium & tracheal transverse connective primordium & dorsal tracheal branch primordium
(Parsons et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 13 -- 14
epidermis | dorsal | restricted

Comment: near anterior segment boundaries

(Parsons et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 13 -- 15
gonad
(Weyers et al., 2011)
germline cell
(Weyers et al., 2011)
gonadal sheath proper primordium
(Weyers et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 14
tracheal dorsal trunk primordium & tracheal transverse connective primordium & dorsal tracheal branch primordium & spiracular tracheal branch primordium & ganglionic tracheal branch primordium
(Parsons et al., 2003)
visceral trunk mesoderm | restricted of embryonic mesothoracic segment
(Kraut and Zinn, 2004)
visceral trunk mesoderm | restricted of embryonic metathoracic segment
(Kraut and Zinn, 2004)
dorsal pouch
(Zmojdzian et al., 2008)
embryonic/larval heart anchoring cell | subset
(Zmojdzian et al., 2008)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
pericardial cell
(Qian et al., 2005)
embryonic stage 15
chordotonal neuron
(Kraut and Zinn, 2004)
embryonic stage 16
larval cardiac outflow muscle cell
(Zmojdzian et al., 2008)
larval brain | restricted
(Zmojdzian et al., 2008)
hindgut visceral muscle primordium
(Soplop et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval hindgut epithelium | dorsal
(Soplop et al., 2012)
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Tayler et al., 2004)
medulla forming neuroblast of larval inner optic anlage
(Tayler et al., 2004)
neuron of inner optic anlage lateral proliferation zone
(Tayler et al., 2004)
photoreceptor neuron
• axon
(Tayler et al., 2004)
prepupal stage P1 -- pupal stage P6
olfactory receptor neuron
• axon

Comment: 0-24 hr APF; surface of antennal lobe

(Jhaveri et al., 2004)
prepupal stage P1 -- pupal stage P7
olfactory receptor neuron
• axon

Comment: 0-40 hr APF

(Jhaveri et al., 2004)
antennal lobe | restricted
• axon

Comment: 0-40 hr APF

(Jhaveri et al., 2004)
adult antennal lobe commissure | vicinity of
• axon

Comment: reference states 0-40 hr APF; expression is lateral to anntennal commissure

(Jhaveri et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data

robo2 protein is detected in the gonads at embryonic stage 13 and at higher levels at stage 15. It is observed at contact sites between somatic gonadal precursors as well as contact sites between germ cells and somatic gonadal precursors.

(Weyers et al., 2011)

At embryonic stages 12-14, robo2 is expressed in the ectodermal domains between the chordotonal organ precursors. During chordotonal organ migration, robo2 is highly expressed in a patch of visceral mesoderm in segments T2 and T3, but is not detected in the abdominal visceral mesoderm. robo2 is strongly expressed in the dendrites of embryonic chordotonal neurons.

(Kraut and Zinn, 2004)

robo and robo2 are detected in epidermal cells including the ventral sensory precursor cells. robo3 is not detected at any time in epidermal cells.

(Orgogozo et al., 2004)

robo1, robo2, and robo3 proteins are expressed in overlapping patterns in the larval central nervous system and developing visual system.

(Tayler et al., 2004)

robo2 protein is detected in several parts of the tracheal system including the dorsal trunk, transverse connectives, dorsal branch, spiracular branches and ganglionic branches in stage 13 and 14 embryos. No robo2 protein is detected in the lateral trunk or visceral branches. There is an additional stripe of epidemal expression on the dorsal surface near the anterior segment boundaries. No axonal staining is detected in the dorsal sensory neurons or lch5 chrodotonal neurons.

(Parsons et al., 2003)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(Katsuki et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\robo2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 44 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 25 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of robo2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of robo2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
abnormal neurophysiology, with Scer\GAL4shakB.lethal.4.1
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lethal (with robo24)
lethal (with robo28)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell migration | embryonic stage
abnormal cell migration | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247
abnormal cell shape | embryonic stage
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL415J2
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL448Y
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4ap.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4c17
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4eg-Mz360
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4exex-Gal4
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4shot-OK307
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4sli.PS
abnormal neuroanatomy (with robo21)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with robo24)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with robo25)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Pdf.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage (with robo24)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage (with robo29)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4ato.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pdf.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with robo24)
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with robo28)
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with robo2X123)
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with robo2x135)
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Pdf.PU
abnormal size | adult stage (with robo24)
abnormal size | adult stage (with robo29)
abnormal size | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4ato.PU
abnormal size | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pdf.PU
decreased size | embryonic stage
some die during embryonic stage
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL448Y
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial dendrite, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 & scolopidial dendritic cap cell, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
adult antennal lobe commissure, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1
adult antennal lobe commissure | somatic clone
adult mushroom body (with robo21)
adult mushroom body (with robo24)
adult mushroom body (with robo25)
adult s-LNv neuron | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Pdf.PU
adult s-LNv neuron | adult stage (with robo24)
adult s-LNv neuron | adult stage (with robo29)
adult s-LNv neuron | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pdf.PU
antennal lobe glomerulus, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1
antennal lobe glomerulus | ectopic | somatic clone
antennal lobe glomerulus DM2 | somatic clone
axon | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ato.PU
axon | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Pdf.PU
axon | adult stage (with robo24)
axon | adult stage (with robo29)
axon | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Pdf.PU
axon | embryonic stage
cell body & serotonin neuron
cell body & serotonin neuron, with Scer\GAL4eg-Mz360
cephalopharyngeal skeleton
cephalopharyngeal skeleton (with robo2lea-1)
cephalopharyngeal skeleton (with robo2S4-14)
dMP2 neuron, with Scer\GAL415J2
dorsal tracheal branch primordium
dorsal vessel wall cell
dorsal vessel wall cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
ellipsoid body (with robo21)
ellipsoid body (with robo24)
ellipsoid body (with robo25)
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic head
embryonic heart cardioblast
embryonic heart cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247
embryonic longitudinal glial cell
embryonic pericardial cell
embryonic somatic muscle cell
embryonic somatic muscle cell | ventral
fan-shaped body (with robo21)
fan-shaped body (with robo24)
fan-shaped body (with robo25)
fascicle
filopodium | embryonic stage
filopodium | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247
ganglionic tracheal branch primordium
ganglionic tracheal branch primordium, with Scer\GAL4bs.Term
ganglionic tracheal branch primordium (with robo24)
ganglionic tracheal branch primordium (with robo28)
germline cell | embryonic stage (with robo24)
germline cell | embryonic stage (with robo28)
germline cell | embryonic stage (with robo2lea-2)
giant fiber neuron, with Scer\GAL4c17
giant fiber neuron, with Scer\GAL4shot-OK307
gonad | embryonic stage (with robo24)
gonad | embryonic stage (with robo28)
gonad | embryonic stage (with robo258.22)
gonad | embryonic stage (with robo2112.03)
gonad | embryonic stage (with robo2lea-2)
gonadal sheath proper primordium | embryonic stage (with robo24)
gonadal sheath proper primordium | embryonic stage (with robo28)
gonadal sheath proper primordium | embryonic stage (with robo258.22)
gonadal sheath proper primordium | embryonic stage (with robo2112.03)
gonadal sheath proper primordium | embryonic stage (with robo2lea-2)
gustatory receptor neuron | male, with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14
head
heart primordium
hypostomal sclerite
hypostomal sclerite (with robo2lea-1)
hypostomal sclerite (with robo2S4-14)
intermediate longitudinal fascicle, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
intermediate longitudinal fascicle (with robo24)
intermediate longitudinal fascicle (with robo28)
lamellipodium | embryonic stage
lamellipodium | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247
larval abdominal lch5 neuron
larval EW neuron, with Scer\GAL4eg-Mz360
larval intersegmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
larval longitudinal connective
larval longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
larval longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
larval longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4exex-Gal4
larval longitudinal connective, with Scer\GAL4sli.PS
larval longitudinal connective (with robo21)
larval longitudinal connective (with robo24)
larval longitudinal connective (with robo28)
larval longitudinal connective | embryonic stage
larval longitudinal connective | embryonic stage (with robo2X123)
larval longitudinal connective | embryonic stage (with robo2x135)
larval neuron, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
larval ventral nerve cord
larval ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
larval ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2UAS.cSa
larval ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2unspecified
larval ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2x135
larval ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
larval ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
larval ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
larval ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2UAS.cSa
larval ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2unspecified
larval ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2x135
lateral longitudinal fascicle, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
lateral longitudinal fascicle (with robo24)
lateral longitudinal fascicle (with robo28)
lateral process of cephalopharyngeal skeleton
lobula columnar neuron LC14 | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ato.PU
medial lobe of adult mushroom body (with robo21)
medial lobe of adult mushroom body (with robo24)
medial lobe of adult mushroom body (with robo25)
medial longitudinal fascicle, with Scer\GAL415J2
medial longitudinal fascicle, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
mesothoracic dorsal triscolopidial chordotonal organ dch3, with Scer\GAL448Y
metathoracic dorsal triscolopidial chordotonal organ dch3, with Scer\GAL448Y
motor neuron, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2UAS.cSa
motor neuron, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2unspecified
motor neuron, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2x135
muscle cell of A1-7 lateral transverse muscle 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
muscle cell of A1-7 lateral transverse muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
muscle cell of A1-7 lateral transverse muscle 3, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
olfactory neuron & antennal lobe | somatic clone
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2UAS.cSa
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2unspecified
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4unspecified, robo2x135
presumptive embryonic salivary gland
prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | male, with Scer\GAL4Poxn.14
serotonin neuron & ventral nerve cord
serotonin neuron & ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4eg-Mz360
symmetrical commissure, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
symmetrical commissure, with Scer\GAL4sli.PS
symmetrical commissure, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
tergal depressor of trochanter muscle motor neuron & dendrite, with Scer\GAL4shakB.lethal.4.1
tract | ectopic | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
vertical lobe of adult mushroom body (with robo21)
vertical lobe of adult mushroom body (with robo24)
vertical lobe of adult mushroom body (with robo25)
vMP2 neuron, with Scer\GAL415J2
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (116)
Hsap\ROBO1
8 of 14
Yes
No
4  
Hsap\ROBO3
8 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\ROBO2
7 of 14
No
No
Hsap\IGDCC3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ROBO4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ALCAM
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\BCAM
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\BOC
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\BSG
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CADM1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CADM2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CADM3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CADM4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CD22
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CD200
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CD226
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\CDON
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CEACAM5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CEACAM6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CHL1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CNTN1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CNTN2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CNTN3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CNTN4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CNTN5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CNTN6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DCC
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\DSCAM
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\DSCAML1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\F11R
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCER1A
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCGR1A
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCGR1B
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCGR2A
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCGR2B
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCGR2C
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCGR3A
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCGR3B
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCRL1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCRL2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCRL3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCRL4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCRL5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCRL6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCRLA
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FCRLB
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\FLT1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FLT4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FNDC3A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HMCN1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HMCN2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HSPG2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ICOSLG
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\IGDCC4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\IGSF9B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\IGSF9
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\IGSF10
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\JAM2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\KIR3DL1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\KIRREL1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIRREL2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIRREL3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\L1CAM
1 of 14
No
No
11  
Hsap\LILRB2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\LRIG1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LRIG2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LRIG3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MCAM
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\MILR1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\MUSK
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MXRA5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NCAM1
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\NCAM2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NECTIN1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NECTIN2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NECTIN3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NECTIN4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NEO1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NFASC
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NPTN
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\NRCAM
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NTM
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\OBSCN
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PDGFRA
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PDGFRB
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\PECAM1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PRTG
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PSG2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PSG3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PSG4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PSG5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PSG7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PSG11
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PTK7
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PTPRD
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PTPRF
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\PTPRQ
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PTPRS
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PVR
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PXDN
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\PXDNL
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SDK1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SDK2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SEMA5A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SIGLEC1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SIGLEC5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SSPOP
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TIGIT
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\TTN
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TYRO3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\UNC5A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UNC5B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UNC5C
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UNC5D
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\VSIG1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\VSIG2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (49)
Rnor\Robo3
8 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Robo1
7 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Robo2
7 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Robo4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Bsg
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cadm1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cadm2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cd200
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cd226
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Cntn3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cntn4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cntn5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dcc
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dscaml1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dscam
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\F11r
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Fcgr1a
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Fcrl1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Fcrl2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Fcrl5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Fcrl6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Fcrla
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Hmcn1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Igdcc3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Igdcc4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\L1cam
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC685716
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC685767
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC688282
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Ncam2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nectin1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nectin2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nectin3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nectin4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Neo1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nptn
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pecam1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Prtg
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Ptprd
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ptprf
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ptprs
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pvr
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pxdn
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sdk2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Unc5a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Unc5b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Unc5c
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Unc5d
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Vsig1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (51)
Mmus\Robo1
8 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Robo2
8 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Robo3
8 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Igdcc3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bsg
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Mmus\Cadm1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cadm2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cadm4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cd200
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cd226
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Cntn3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cntn4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cntn5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dcc
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dscaml1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dscam
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Mmus\F630003A18Rik
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Fcgr1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Fcrl1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Fcrl5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Fcrl6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Fcrlb
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Fcrls
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gm609
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gm17783
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Hmcn1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hmcn2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Igdcc4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\L1cam
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Mmus\Ncam2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nectin1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nectin2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nectin3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nectin4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Neo1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nptn
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pecam1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Prtg
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ptprd
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ptprf
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ptprs
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pvr
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pxdn
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sdk1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sdk2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ttn
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Unc5a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Unc5b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Unc5c
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Unc5d
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Vsig1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (47)
Xtro\robo1
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\robo3
5 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\robo2
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\adamtsl1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bcam
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bin2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cadm2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cd22
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ceacam8l
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\col20a1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dcc
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dscam
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\emb
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\fgfr1op2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hmcn1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hmcn2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\igdcc3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\iglon5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\igsf9b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\igsf10
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\jam3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\kirrel1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ldaf1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC101735075
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC108648322
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lrig1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lrig2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\lrig3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mxra5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ncam1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ncam2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nectin1l1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nectin1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nectin4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\npffr1.1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nptn
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nrcam
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pecam1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\prtg
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pxdn
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\robo4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\slc35g1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\spc25
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tyro3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\upk2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5960289
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5991222
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (67)
Drer\robo3
8 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\robo1
7 of 14
No
No
Drer\robo2
7 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:77784
7 of 14
No
No
Drer\robo4
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\boc
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bsg
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cadm1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cd4-2.2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cd226
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ceacam1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cntn3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cntn4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cntn5
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\dcc
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\dscamb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\emb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hmcn1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hmcn2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\igdcc3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\igdcc4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC556776
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC100332721
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\mcamb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\mylkb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nectin1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nectin1b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\nectin3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nectin3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nectin4b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\neo1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\neo1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nptna
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nptnb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nrcama
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pecam1b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\prtga
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\prtgb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptprdb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptprd
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptprfa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptprfb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ptprsa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pvrl2l
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pxdn
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\sc:d189
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\sdk1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\sdk1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:ch73-22o12.1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:ch211-57n23.4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:ch211-141e20.2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:ch211-149e23.4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-163c2.2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-222f23.6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-31e10.1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:dkey-31e10.5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\unc5a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\unc5b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\unc5ca
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\unc5cb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\unc5da
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\unc5db
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\vtcn1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:112965
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:113337
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:172120
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:172122
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (16)
Cele\sax-3
8 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\him-4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\igcm-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\igcm-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lad-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\let-805
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mig-21
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\ptp-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rig-4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\syg-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\syg-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-40
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-89
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\ver-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\zig-10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (42)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010245
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010242
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010969
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010970
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012226
3 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000217
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000218
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000659
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000720
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000863
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001824
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002040
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002268
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002336
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003305
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003656
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004230
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004902
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005471
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006083
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007092
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007500
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007928
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008813
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008943
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009061
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009063
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009138
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009596
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009683
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010090
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010093
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010184
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010185
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010186
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010221
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010222
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010742
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010884
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011195
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\HPX4
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\IGL1
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:robo2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (48)
robo3
8 of 13
robo1
7 of 13
boi
2 of 13
Cont
2 of 13
DIP-α
2 of 13
DIP-η
2 of 13
DIP-γ
2 of 13
DIP-λ
2 of 13
Dscam3
2 of 13
Fas2
2 of 13
ihog
2 of 13
Lac
2 of 13
Nrg
2 of 13
plum
2 of 13
tutl
2 of 13
Ama
1 of 13
bdl
1 of 13
Bsg
1 of 13
DIP-β
1 of 13
DIP-δ
1 of 13
DIP-ε
1 of 13
DIP-κ
1 of 13
DIP-θ
1 of 13
DIP-ζ
1 of 13
Dscam1
1 of 13
Dscam2
1 of 13
Dscam4
1 of 13
ed
1 of 13
elff
1 of 13
fipi
1 of 13
fra
1 of 13
fred
1 of 13
hbs
1 of 13
kirre
1 of 13
Lar
1 of 13
loofah
1 of 13
otk
1 of 13
Pvr
1 of 13
rst
1 of 13
sdk
1 of 13
side-III
1 of 13
side-II
1 of 13
side-IV
1 of 13
side-VII
1 of 13
side-VI
1 of 13
sns
1 of 13
trol
1 of 13
unc-5
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ROBO1; roundabout guidance receptor 1
    8 of 14
    ROUNDABOUT GUIDANCE RECEPTOR 1; ROBO1
     
    ROBO3; roundabout guidance receptor 3
    8 of 14
    608630
      ROBO2; roundabout guidance receptor 2
      7 of 14
      602431
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      robo1|robo2
      enhanceable
      Abl
      (Wills et al., 2002)
      robo2|robo1
      enhanceable
      Abl
      (Wills et al., 2002)
      robo1|robo2
      enhanceable
      capt
      (Wills et al., 2002)
      robo2
      suppressible
      comm
      (Godenschwege et al., 2002)
      robo2
      suppressible
      eg
      (Couch et al., 2004)
      robo2
      suppressible
      ena
      (Bashaw et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000)
      robo2
      suppressible
      fra
      (Raza and Jacobs, 2016)
      robo2
      enhanceable
      Ptp69D
      (Oliva et al., 2016)
      robo2
      suppressible
      Ptp69D
      (Oliva et al., 2016)
      robo2
      enhanceable
      robo1
      (Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Kolesnikov and Beckendorf, 2005, Qian et al., 2005, Rajagopalan et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000)
      robo2
      suppressible
      robo1
      (Englund et al., 2002, Simpson et al., 2000)
      robo2
      suppressible
      Sdc
      (Schulz et al., 2011)
      robo2
      enhanceable
      Sdc
      (Schulz et al., 2011, Steigemann et al., 2004)
      robo2
      suppressible
      sli
      (Oliva et al., 2016, Kraut and Zinn, 2004, Simpson et al., 2000)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Abl
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Wills et al., 2002)
      Atg16
      suppressible
      robo2
      (Nagy et al., 2017)
      btl|stumps
      suppressible
      robo2
      (Zhu et al., 2005)
      comm
      suppressible
      robo2
      (Evans et al., 2015)
      Dg
      suppressible
      robo2
      (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
      Dys
      suppressible
      robo2
      (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
      eg
      suppressible
      robo2
      (Couch et al., 2004)
      fra
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Evans et al., 2015)
      fru
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Goto et al., 2011)
      gcm
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Kinrade and Hidalgo, 2004)
      Pvr
      suppressible
      robo2
      (Zhu et al., 2005)
      robo1
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Kolesnikov and Beckendorf, 2005, Qian et al., 2005, Kinrade and Hidalgo, 2004, Rajagopalan et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000)
      robo1|gcm
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Kinrade and Hidalgo, 2004)
      robo1|chb
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Lee et al., 2004)
      Sdc
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Steigemann et al., 2004)
      sli
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006)
      Snr1
      suppressible
      robo2
      (Tegeder et al., 2019)
      stumps
      enhanceable
      robo2
      (Zhu et al., 2005)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2L
      Recombination map
      2-3
      Cytogenetic map
      22A1-22A1
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      22A1-22A1
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)1068510685&P{lacW}Tango14k00619 and P{lacW}RFeSPk11704
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      21D1-22A2
      (Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001)
      22A-22A
      (Simpson, 2000.10.12)
      Mapped using recombination and deficiency mapping (details unspecified).
      (Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-3

      (FlyBase, 2016, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

      2-2.2

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (69)
      Genomic Clones (41)
      cDNA Clones (127)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          robo2 protein promotes midline crossing in the developing nervous system by inhibiting the activity of robo1 protein. robo2 does not promote midline crossing in the cells in which is is produced. Instead, it instructs other robo1-producing nerve cells to cross the midline.

          (Evans et al., 2015)

          The lateral positioning of longitudinal axon pathways in the embryo relies primarily on differences in robo gene regulation, not on distinct combinations of the three robo proteins (robo, lea and robo3) as previously thought. However, the unique structural features of robo are required to prevent midline crossing and the unique structural features of lea are required to promote midline crossing.

          (Spitzweck et al., 2010)

          lea is required in the thoracic visceral mesoderm to prevent migration of neighbouring thoracic chordotonal organs during development so that they remain in a dorsal position in the thorax.

          (Kraut and Zinn, 2004)

          low levels of lea or robo and robo3 have both distinct and overlapping functions in controlling pathway choices within the central nervous system.

          (Rajagopalan et al., 2000)

          lea and robo work together to control repulsive axon guidance in the midline of the embryonic ventral cord.

          (Simpson et al., 2000)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: lea robo2

          (Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001)

          Source for merge of: lea anon- EST:Liang-1.75

          (Ashburner, 2004.6.30)

          Source for merge of: robo2 CG14347 CG14348 CG5481 CG5574

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of robo2 CG14347 CG14348 CG5481 CG5574 was sequence comparison ( date:001223 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: robo2 lea

          (Bashaw et al., 2014.11.4)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (28)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CG14347
          CG14348
          CG5481
          (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Lee et al., 2013, Ahmad et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Brandt, 2006, Ashburner, 2004.6.30, Vogel et al., 2003)
          CG5574
          (Spellman and Rubin, 2002)
          CT17326
          (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
          D-Robo2
          (Chien, 1998, Flanagan and van Vactor, 1998)
          D-robo2
          (Kidd et al., 1998)
          ROBO2
          (Katsuki et al., 2009)
          Robo
          (Morin-Poulard et al., 2021, Lan et al., 2020, Muralidharan, 2020)
          Robo 2
          (Soplop et al., 2008, McKinnon et al., 2001)
          Robo-2
          (Brummendorf and Lemmon, 2001, Selby, 2000.11.1)
          Robo2
          (Sanhueza et al., 2025, Fischer et al., 2024, Johnson, 2024, Sullivan and Bashaw, 2023, Li et al., 2022, Marques-Reis and Moreno, 2021, Yin et al., 2021, Baker, 2020, Brown and Evans, 2020, Gorla and Bashaw, 2020, Jefferies et al., 2020, Kanda and Igaki, 2020, La Marca and Richardson, 2020, Coelho and Moreno, 2019, Enomoto et al., 2018, Richardson and Portela, 2018, Zhao and Mommersteeg, 2018, Baker, 2017, Liu and Jin, 2017, Suzuki and Sato, 2017, Cate et al., 2016, Ocorr et al., 2014, Wayburn and Volk, 2009, Evans et al., 2008, Santiago-Martínez et al., 2008, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Spitzweck et al., 2007, Chilton, 2006, Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Fradkin et al., 2004, Howitt et al., 2004, Ribeiro et al., 2003, Godenschwege et al., 2002, Patel and Van Vactor, 2002, Furrer and Chiba, 2001)
          Robo2 (Lea)
          (Ozkan et al., 2013)
          anon-EST:Liang-1.75
          clone 1.75
          (Liang and Biggin, 1998)
          dRobo-2
          (Brose and Tessier-Lavigne, 2000)
          fus4
          (Weyers et al., 2011)
          lea
          (McQuarrie et al., 2023, Olivares et al., 2023, Croze et al., 2017, Franz et al., 2017, Raza and Jacobs, 2016, Duff et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Kavi et al., 2015, Sanhueza et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Biteau and Jasper, 2014, Cantera et al., 2014, Clough et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Ocorr et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Ozkan et al., 2013, Ozkan et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Vanderploeg et al., 2012, Goto et al., 2011, Harrison et al., 2011, Jungreis et al., 2011, Knox et al., 2011, Michaut et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2010, Perkins et al., 2009.8.10, Southall and Brand, 2009, Akdemir et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2007, Brandt, 2006)
          robo
          (Araki et al., 2020, Jalvingh et al., 2014)
          robo-2
          (Valdes-Aleman et al., 2021, Mitchell, 2018, Guthrie, 1999)
          robo2
          (Nelson et al., 2025, Owings and Chow, 2024, Singh et al., 2024, Josserand et al., 2023, Voutyraki et al., 2023, Anllo and DiNardo, 2022, Corrales et al., 2022, González-Ramírez et al., 2022, Hauptman et al., 2022, Hultmark and Andó, 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Velten et al., 2022, Cattenoz et al., 2021, Chaudhari et al., 2021, Everetts et al., 2021, Howard et al., 2021, McLaughlin et al., 2021, Michki et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Hung et al., 2020, Banerjee et al., 2019, Donato et al., 2019, Fahey-Lozano et al., 2019, Gonsior and Ismat, 2019, Herrera and Bach, 2019, Ohsawa, 2019, Tegeder et al., 2019, Ros et al., 2018, Manavalan et al., 2017, Nagy et al., 2017, Santiago and Bashaw, 2017, Dubois et al., 2016, Evans, 2016, Friedrich et al., 2016, Ito et al., 2016, Oliva et al., 2016, Raza and Jacobs, 2016, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Evans et al., 2015, Bashaw et al., 2014.11.4, Biteau and Jasper, 2014, Santiago et al., 2014, Evans and Bashaw, 2012, Knox et al., 2011, Meyer et al., 2011, Pappu et al., 2011, Schulz et al., 2011, Shin and Diantonio, 2011, Smart et al., 2011, Weyers et al., 2011, Evans and Bashaw, 2010, Evans and Bashaw, 2010, Evans et al., 2010, Mellert et al., 2010, Spitzweck et al., 2010, Chen and Condron, 2009, Zlatic et al., 2009, Chen and Condron, 2008, Dimitrova et al., 2008, Kucherenko et al., 2008, Kurusu et al., 2008, Medioni et al., 2008, Ou et al., 2008, Zmojdzian et al., 2008, Grueber et al., 2007, Ing et al., 2007, Magalhaes et al., 2007, Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Kolesnikov and Beckendorf, 2005, Nicolas and Preat, 2005, Qian et al., 2005, Sano et al., 2005, Spitzweck, 2005, Zhu et al., 2005, Zmojdzian et al., 2005, Ackley and Jin, 2004, Couch et al., 2004, Jhaveri et al., 2004, Johnson et al., 2004, Kinrade and Hidalgo, 2004, Kraut and Zinn, 2004, Lee et al., 2004, Lundstrom et al., 2004, Orgogozo et al., 2004, Schnorrer and Dickson, 2004, Steigemann et al., 2004, Tayler et al., 2004, Kraut and Zinn, 2003, McGovern et al., 2003, Parsons et al., 2003, Piper and Little, 2003, Uv et al., 2003, Zlatic et al., 2003, Couch et al., 2002, Englund et al., 2002, Kramer and Goodman, 2002, Kraut and Zinn, 2002, Wills et al., 2002, Auld, 2001, Dickson, 2001, Dickson, 2001.3.14, Guthrie, 2001, Jones, 2001, Keleman and Dickson, 2001, Kramer et al., 2001, Kramer et al., 2001, Kraut and Zinn, 2001, Orlando, 2001, Simpson et al., 2001, Tear, 2001, van Meyel et al., 2001, Bashaw et al., 2000, Rajagopalan et al., 2000, Rajagopalan et al., 2000, Rusch and Van Vactor, 2000, Simpson et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000, Vogel, 2000, Tear, 1999, Van Vactor and Flanagan, 1999)
          Name Synonyms
          Leak
          (Wayburn and Volk, 2009)
          Robo
          (Luo et al., 2020)
          Robo2
          (Lee et al., 2013, MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006)
          Roundabout 2
          (Santiago et al., 2014, Vogel et al., 2003)
          Roundabout2
          (Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006)
          SGP cluster fusion defects 4
          (Weyers et al., 2011)
          leak
          (Lee et al., 2013, Weyers et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2010, Burnette et al., 2005, Johansson et al., 2005)
          roundabout 2
          (Mukherjee et al., 2020, Friedrich et al., 2016, Bashaw et al., 2014.11.4, Kraut et al., 2001, Kraut et al., 2001)
          roundabout2
          (Weyers et al., 2011)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0024195
          • FBgn0025977
          • FBgn0031338
          • FBgn0031339
          • FBgn0031340
          • FBgn0031341
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 55 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          References (299)