FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\nudE
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\nudE
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
nudE
Annotation Symbol
CG8104
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0036059
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
35 publicly available
Gene Summary
nudE (nudE) encodes a conserved protein that localizes to kinetochores and spindle microtubules. It contributes to the spindle checkpoint, spindle orientation, centrosome behavior and dendrite morphogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
67D1-67D1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-32
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:9899241..9903031
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (29 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables microtubule binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9CZA6
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR033494
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (19 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axonogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Arthur et al., 2015)
involved_in border follicle cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yang et al., 2012)
involved_in centrosome localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wainman et al., 2009)
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Arthur et al., 2015)
involved_in establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Arthur et al., 2015)
involved_in germarium-derived oocyte fate determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hayashi et al., 2014)
involved_in male meiosis chromosome segregation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wainman et al., 2009)
involved_in mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wainman et al., 2009)
involved_in mitotic spindle organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wainman et al., 2009)
involved_in nucleus localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2015)
involved_in positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dar1; FB:FBgn0263239
(Wang et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell migration
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100522
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in centrosome duplication
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9CZA6
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in centrosome localization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in chromosome localization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in chromosome segregation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle orientation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in microtubule nucleation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in mitotic centrosome separation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in vesicle transport along microtubule
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(Arthur et al., 2015)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Arthur et al., 2015)
located_in kinetochore
inferred from direct assay
(Wainman et al., 2009)
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
(Wainman et al., 2009)
located_in spindle envelope
inferred from direct assay
(Wainman et al., 2009)
located_in spindle
inferred from direct assay
(Wainman et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in centrosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of kinesin complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in kinetochore
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000100519
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in spindle pole centrosome
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9CZA6
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the nudE family. (Q9VT70)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
nudE (nudE) encodes a conserved protein that localizes to kinetochores and spindle microtubules. It contributes to the spindle checkpoint, spindle orientation, centrosome behavior and dendrite morphogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Chaperone protein with functions in nuclear localization (PubMed:26490864). Required for centrosome duplication and formation and function of the mitotic spindle (By similarity). In postmitotic neurons, acts with nudC downstream of dar1 to ensure correct positioning of the nuclei in primary dendrites and as a consequence, is required for determining multipolar neuron morphology (PubMed:26490864).
(UniProt, Q9VT70)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\nudE for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VT70)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Gene model reviewed during 6.26

Multiphase exon postulated: exon reading frame differs in alternative transcripts; overlap >20aa.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 6.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
nudE-RA
FBtr0076344
NM_140116
1975
317
nudE-RB
FBtr0113158
NM_001104098
2067
328
nudE-RC
FBtr0113159
NM_001104099
1604
377
nudE-RD
FBtr0114600
NM_001144458
1339
283
nudE-RF
FBtr0345695
NM_001300088
2133
328
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
nudE-PA
FBpp0076073
36.2
317
4.85
Q9VT70
NP_648373
AAF50184
nudE-PB
FBpp0112071
37.7
328
5.11
A8JNQ0
NP_001097568
ABW08511
nudE-PC
FBpp0112072
42.6
377
5.05
A8JNQ1
NP_001097569
ABW08512
nudE-PD
FBpp0113092
32.8
283
6.09
B7Z0G0
NP_001137930
ACL83285
nudE-PF
FBpp0311744
37.7
328
5.11
A8JNQ0
NP_001287017
AHN58042
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

328 aa isoforms: nudE-PB, nudE-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\nudE using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.24

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
pole plasm

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
primordial germ cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
primordial germ cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(Arthur et al., 2015)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Arthur et al., 2015)
located_in kinetochore
inferred from direct assay
(Wainman et al., 2009)
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
(Wainman et al., 2009)
located_in spindle envelope
inferred from direct assay
(Wainman et al., 2009)
located_in spindle
inferred from direct assay
(Wainman et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\nudE in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of nudE
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of nudE
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal (with Df(3L)BSC673)
lethal | pupal stage | recessive
lethal | recessive | third instar larval stage
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
abnormal mitotic cell cycle
abnormal mitotic cell cycle (with Df(3L)AC1)
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC673)
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
axon | third instar larval stage
axon | third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC673)
border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
border follicle cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
centrosome
centrosome & spermatocyte
centrosome | increased number
condensed chromosome
condensed chromosome (with Df(3L)AC1)
dendrite | third instar larval stage
dendrite | third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC673)
larval multidendritic class I neuron, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
larval multidendritic class IV neuron | third instar larval stage
larval multidendritic class IV neuron | third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC673)
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
microtubule | third instar larval stage
Nebenkern
nucleus & onion stage spermatid
oocyte, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
oocyte | germline clone
spindle
spindle & primary spermatocyte in meiotic metaphase I
spindle pole
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\NDEL1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\NDE1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PDE4DIP
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Ndel1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Nde1
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Ndel1
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Nde1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\ndel1
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\nde1
8 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\foxj3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC105946701
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\MGC75753
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\ndel1a
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\ndel1b
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\nde1
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cdc42bpab
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cgnb
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\nud-2
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\lfi-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009914
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:nudE. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Pif1A
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    nudEGD15226
    model of  Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
    CEA
    (Yusuff et al., 2020)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    NDE1; nudE neurodevelopment protein 1
    model of  lissencephaly 4
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    NDEL1; nudE neurodevelopment protein 1 like 1
    12 of 14
    607538
         
        NDE1; nudE neurodevelopment protein 1
        10 of 14
        609449
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        nudE
        suppressible
        Lis-1
        (Arthur et al., 2015)
        nudE
        suppressible
        Zwilch
        (Wainman et al., 2009)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        dar1
        suppressible
        nudE
        (Wang et al., 2015)
        Dlic
        enhanceable
        nudE
        (Arthur et al., 2015)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-32
        Cytogenetic map
        67D1-67D1
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        67D1-67D1
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}fry02240 and P{lacW}l(3)L0539L0539&P{PZ}Dhh1rL562
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-32

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-24.2

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (35)
        Genomic Clones (9)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (56)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Wainman et al., 2009)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
          Other Comments
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: nudE CG8104

          (Javier, 2005.3.2)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (4)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 52 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (62)