FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Pkd2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Pkd2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Polycystic kidney disease 2
Annotation Symbol
CG6504
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0041195
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
14 publicly available
Gene Summary
Polycystic kidney disease 2 (Pkd2) encodes a calcium permeable cation channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. Its roles include sperm motility, smooth muscle contraction, larval feeding behavior, detection of mechanical stimuli and cold nociception. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-08] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

amo, Almost there, Polycystic kidney disease gene-2, TRPP, TRPP2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
33E3-33E3
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-46
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:12398274..12402023
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables calcium channel activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000093539
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O35245
(Dow et al., 2022)
enables monoatomic cation channel activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:pyx; FB:FBgn0035113
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in flagellated sperm motility
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Köttgen et al., 2011, Yang and Lu, 2011, Yang et al., 2011, Gao et al., 2003, Watnick et al., 2003)
involved_in larval feeding behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gao et al., 2004)
involved_in smooth muscle contraction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gao et al., 2004)
involved_in sperm competition
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gao et al., 2003, Watnick et al., 2003)
involved_in sperm storage
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yang et al., 2011)
involved_in spermatogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Köttgen et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in calcium ion transport
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O35245
(Dow et al., 2022)
involved_in detection of mechanical stimulus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000093539
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in monoatomic cation transport
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:pyx; FB:FBgn0035113
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in sperm flagellum
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2020)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of cation channel complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:pyx; FB:FBgn0035113
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
is_active_in membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000093539
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of polycystin complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O35245
(Dow et al., 2022)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Polycystic kidney disease 2 (Pkd2) encodes a calcium permeable cation channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. Its roles include sperm motility, smooth muscle contraction, larval feeding behavior, detection of mechanical stimuli and cold nociception. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-08]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL ION CHANNELS -
The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel family are cation channels conserved from invertebrates to humans. TRP channels respond to diverse stimuli and are involved in a number of environmental sensory pathways. (Adapted from FBrf0220930 and FBrf0225477).
POLYCYSTIN CATION CHANNEL FAMILY -
Polycystin-related proteins are a family of proteins, some of which have been shown to be able to form cation-conducting transmembrane channels. In mammals, the polycystin complex is a heteromeric complex of the polycystin proteins, PKD1 (PC-1) and PKD2 (PC-2/TRPP1) that can act as a cation channel. Some members are also members of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel superfamily. (Adapted from FBrf0253843 and the Transporter Classification Database.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pkd2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VK95)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Pkd2-RA
FBtr0080365
NM_135717
3271
924
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Pkd2-PA
FBpp0079947
104.1
924
8.51
Q9VK95
NP_609561
AAF53183
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pkd2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.26

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
spermatozoon | restricted

Comment: tip of sperm tail

(Köttgen et al., 2011)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male
spermatozoon
(Dorus et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data

Pkd2 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum in spermatocytes. In mature sperm, it clusters at the tip of the sperm tail.

(Köttgen et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in sperm flagellum
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2020)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pkd2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pkd2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pkd2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 3 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)prd1.7
(Gao et al., 2004)
Df(2L)Prl
(Gao et al., 2004)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(2L)esc-P3-0
(Gao et al., 2004)
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (15)
Hsap\PKD2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\PKD2L1
11 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\PKD2L2
10 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\PKD1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PKD1L1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PKD1L3
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PKDREJ
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PKD1L2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CACNA1B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CACNA1D
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CACNA1F
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CACNA1H
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LOXHD1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\TRPA1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TRPC3
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (11)
Rnor\Pkd2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Pkd2l1
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pkd2l2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pkd1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pkdrej
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pkd1l1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pkd1l3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cacna1b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Loxhd1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pkd1l2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Trpa1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (12)
Mmus\Pkd2l1
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Pkd2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Pkd2l2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pkd1l1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pkd1l3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pkd1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pkdrej
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pkd1l2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cacna1b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Loxhd1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Scn7a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Trpa1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)
Xtro\pkd2
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\pkd2l1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\btbd6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nrp1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pitpnc1l
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pkd1l2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\reep6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tmem216
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\trpm3
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)
Drer\pkd2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\pkd2l1
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pkd1a
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pkd1b
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pkd1l2a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\pkd1l2b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cacna1ba
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\loxhd1b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\pkd-2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\lov-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\F27C1.11
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004707
1 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008435
1 of 12
Yes
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Pkd2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)
brv1
4 of 13
brv2
4 of 13
brv3
4 of 13
Ca-α1D
1 of 13
cac
1 of 13
para
1 of 13
TrpA1
1 of 13
trpl
1 of 13
trp
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
PKD2; polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel
12 of 14
173910
PKD2L1; polycystin 2 like 1, transient receptor potential cation channel
11 of 14
604532
       
      PKD2L2; polycystin 2 like 2, transient receptor potential cation channel
      10 of 14
      604669
           
          PKD1; polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting
          3 of 14
          601313
          PKD1L1; polycystin 1 like 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting
          3 of 14
          609721
          PKD1L3; polycystin 1 like 3, transient receptor potential channel interacting
          3 of 14
          607895
              PKDREJ; polycystin family receptor for egg jelly
              3 of 14
              604670
                  Functional Complementation Data
                  Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                  Interactions
                  Summary of Physical Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  Summary of Genetic Interactions
                  Interaction Browsers
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  Starting gene(s)
                  Interaction type
                  Interacting gene(s)
                  Reference
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  Pathways
                  Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                  Metabolic Pathways
                  FlyBase
                  External Links
                  External Data
                  Linkouts
                  Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                  Class of Gene
                  Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                  Chromosome (arm)
                  2L
                  Recombination map
                  2-46
                  Cytogenetic map
                  33E3-33E3
                  Sequence location
                  FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Evidence for location
                  33E3-33E3
                  Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Rab608323 and P{EP}ElfEP476&P{EP}bunEP488
                  Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                  Cytogenetic map
                  Notes
                  References
                  33D-33D
                  (Gao and Lu, 2000)
                  Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                  Location

                  2-46

                  (FlyBase, 2016)

                  2-40.8

                  (Comeron et al., 2012)
                  Left of (cM)
                  Right of (cM)
                  Notes
                  Stocks and Reagents
                  Stocks (14)
                  Genomic Clones (21)
                  cDNA Clones (3)
                   

                  Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                  cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                  BDGP DGC clones
                    Other clones
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                    BDGP DGC clones
                      Other clones
                      RNAi and Array Information
                      Linkouts
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Antibody Information
                      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                       
                      Commercially Available Antibodies
                       
                      Cell Line Information
                      Publicly Available Cell Lines
                       
                        Other Stable Cell Lines
                         
                          Other Comments

                          Haploinsufficient locus (not associated with strong haplolethality or haplosterility).

                          (Cook et al., 2012)

                          Pkd2 mutant sperm remain capable of reverse motility but fail to display hyperactivation.

                          (Köttgen et al., 2011)

                          Localisation of Pkd2 at the distal end of the sperm tail is essential for proper function.

                          (Köttgen et al., 2011)

                          Pkd2 is haploid-insufficient for mediating optimal smooth muscle contractility.

                          (Gao et al., 2004)

                          Mutation causes male sterility. Normal amounts of motile sperm are produced by mutant males and transferred to females, but few sperm are stored.

                          (Kernan et al., 2004)

                          Pkd2 is required for directional sperm movement inside the female reproductive tract and male fertility.

                          (Gao et al., 2003)

                          Pkd2 is required for male fertility and functions in the flagellum.

                          (Watnick et al., 2003)
                          Relationship to Other Genes
                          Source for database merge of

                          Source for merge of: Pkd2 CG6504

                          (Gao, 2002.3.18)
                          Additional comments
                          Nomenclature History
                          Source for database identify of

                          Source for identity of: Pkd2 Amo

                          (Kernan, 2004.2.23)
                          Nomenclature comments
                          Etymology

                          Named "Pkd2" after the human ortholog.

                          (FlyBase, 2009-)
                          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
                          Reported As
                          Symbol Synonym
                          AMO
                          (Venkatachalam et al., 2006, Montell, 2005)
                          Amo
                          (Suito and Tominaga, 2024, Li et al., 2020, Hofherr et al., 2018, Venkatachalam et al., 2014, Fowler and Montell, 2013, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Schnakenberg et al., 2012, Kernan et al., 2004, Watnick et al., 2003, Watnick et al., 2003)
                          CG6504
                          (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Kanamori et al., 2013, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Köttgen et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Begun et al., 2007, Laurençon et al., 2007, Roos et al., 2005)
                          Dmpkd2
                          (Gao and Lu, 2000, Mori and Lu, 2000)
                          PKD2
                          (Montell, 2021, Köttgen et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2010, Gao et al., 2002)
                          Pkd2
                          (Jean-François et al., 2025, Lee et al., 2025, Dow et al., 2022, Liu and Zhang, 2022, Fujisawa et al., 2020, Guo et al., 2020, Himmel and Cox, 2020, He et al., 2019, Huang et al., 2019, Marchesin et al., 2019, Su, 2019, Su et al., 2018, Ugrankar et al., 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Wood and Martin, 2017, Menuz et al., 2014, Cook et al., 2012, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Rettie and Dorus, 2012, Schnakenberg et al., 2012, Sun and Spradling, 2012, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Yang and Lu, 2011, Yang et al., 2011, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Matsuura et al., 2009, Kwon et al., 2008, Begun et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Dorus et al., 2006)
                          TRPP
                          (Paschapur et al., 2025, Kwon et al., 2010)
                          TRPP2
                          (Hofherr et al., 2018, Hofherr et al., 2016)
                          amo
                          (Nhuchhen Pradhan et al., 2025, Pradhan et al., 2025, Pradhan et al., 2024, Sang and Lee, 2024, Brooks et al., 2023, Dhakal et al., 2022, Jacobs and Sehgal, 2020, Rimal and Lee, 2019, Hofherr et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2013, Van Goethem et al., 2012, Köttgen et al., 2011, Gogendeau and Basto, 2010, Kwon et al., 2010, Kwon et al., 2010, Kwon et al., 2008, Laurençon et al., 2007, Montell, 2005, Watnick, 2003.10.14)
                          pkd2
                          (Ma and Freeman, 2020, Kanamori et al., 2013, Gao, 2003.4.24)
                          Name Synonyms
                          Almost there
                          (Fowler and Montell, 2013, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Venkatachalam et al., 2006, Kernan et al., 2004)
                          Polycystic kidney disease 2
                          Polycystic kidney disease 2 ortholog
                          Polycystic kidney disease gene-2
                          (Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Gao and Lu, 2000)
                          almost there
                          (Montell, 2005, Watnick, 2003.10.14)
                          polycystin-2
                          (Gao, 2003.4.24)
                          Secondary FlyBase IDs
                          • FBgn0032425
                          Datasets (0)
                          Study focus (0)
                          Experimental Role
                          Project
                          Project Type
                          Title
                          Study result (0)
                          Result
                          Result Type
                          Title
                          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 32 )
                          Sequence Crossreferences
                          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                          Other crossreferences
                          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                          Linkouts
                          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                          References (112)