FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\PGRP-SC2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\PGRP-SC2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2
Annotation Symbol
CG14745
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0043575
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (3.5.1.28)
Gene Summary
Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2 (PGRP-SC2) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with an amidase activity against peptidoglycans. It contributes to the down-regulation of the immune deficiency pathway, notably in the fat body during systemic bacterial infection. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

PGRP-SC, Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-SC2 precursor

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
44E2-44E2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-59
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:8716950..8717695
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002475783
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002502, InterPro:IPR006619, InterPro:IPR036505
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:C0HK99
(Mellroth et al., 2003)
enables peptidoglycan binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017331
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables peptidoglycan immune receptor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002475783
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006619
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Costechareyre et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-SC1a; FB:FBgn0043576,FLYBASE:PGRP-SB2; FB:FBgn0043577
(Bischoff et al., 2006)
involved_in negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wu et al., 2025, Costechareyre et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-SC1a; FB:FBgn0043576,FLYBASE:PGRP-SB2; FB:FBgn0043577
(Bischoff et al., 2006)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Mi-2; FB:FBgn0262519
(Zheng et al., 2025)
involved_in Toll receptor ligand protein activation cascade
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Costechareyre et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002475783
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in immune response
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002475783
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in innate immune response
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017331
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in peptidoglycan catabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002502, InterPro:IPR006619, InterPro:IPR036505
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:C0HK99
(Mellroth et al., 2003)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002475783
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (Q9V4X2)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
Hydrolyzes the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell-wall glycopeptides (3.5.1.28)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2 (PGRP-SC2) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with an amidase activity against peptidoglycans. It contributes to the down-regulation of the immune deficiency pathway, notably in the fat body during systemic bacterial infection. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SHORT PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEINS -
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune response that bind peptidoglycans. Insect PGRPs can be divided into two groups based on transcript size: short PGRPs (PGRP-S) and long PGRPs (PGRP-L). PGRP-S have signal peptides and can be extracellular proteins. (Adapted from FBrf0223078).
N-ACETYLMURAMOYL-L-ALANINE AMIDASES -
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases catalyze the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.
Pathway (FlyBase)
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF IMD SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Negative regulators of the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway result in the decreased activity of the NFκB-like transcription factor Rel in the nucleus. Negative regulators are important in preventing damage to the host from over-activation of the pathway; preventing inappropriate triggering or terminating the response. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)
EXTRACELLULAR SPATZLE ACTIVATING PATHWAY CORE COMPONENTS -
In Drosophila, activation of the Toll pathway is controlled by the generation of a cleaved, active, Toll-binding form of spatzle ligand. Proteolytic activation of spatzle ligand lies downstream of several zymogen activation cascades that are initiated by different cues. In dorsal-ventral patterning, localized activation of spz results in ventral nuclear accumulation of dl. During viral and fungal and gram positive bacterial immune challenge, zymogen cascades are activated by extracellular pattern recognition receptors or virulence factor-mediated cleavage of the zymogen persephone (psh). (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase involved in innate immunity by degrading bacterial peptidoglycans (PGN). Probably plays a scavenger role by digesting biologically active PGN into biologically inactive fragments. Has no direct bacteriolytic activity (By similarity).
(UniProt, Q9V4X2)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\PGRP-SC2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V4X2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
PGRP-SC2-RA
FBtr0088709
NM_136566
746
184
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
PGRP-SC2-PA
FBpp0087788
19.8
184
8.87
Q9V4X2
NP_610410
AAF59051
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\PGRP-SC2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.36

Transcript Expression
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
embryonic/larval gut
(Costechareyre et al., 2016)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Costechareyre et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

PGRP-SC2 is expressed in the gut and proventriculus and levels are tied to the immune response.

(Costechareyre et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\PGRP-SC2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of PGRP-SC2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of PGRP-SC2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
Hsap\PGLYRP1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\PGLYRP3
6 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PGLYRP4
6 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PGLYRP2
5 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Pglyrp1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Pglyrp3
7 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pglyrp2
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pglyrp4
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC685600
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)
Mmus\Pglyrp1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Pglyrp3
6 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pglyrp4
6 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pglyrp2
5 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\pglyrp1-like.1
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\pglyrp2
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mterf2
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pglyrp1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\fam171a2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gad2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\spryd7
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\pglyrp5
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\pglyrp2
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\pglyrp6
6 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\mig-39
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)
Agam\PGRPS2
10 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\PGRPS3
10 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\PGRPS1
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPLB
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPLA
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPLC
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPLD
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011476
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:PGRP-SC2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (12)
PGRP-SC1a
11 of 13
PGRP-SC1b
10 of 13
PGRP-SA
9 of 13
PGRP-SB1
7 of 13
PGRP-SD
7 of 13
PGRP-LB
6 of 13
PGRP-LE
6 of 13
PGRP-LF
6 of 13
PGRP-SB2
6 of 13
PGRP-LC
5 of 13
PGRP-LA
4 of 13
PGRP-LD
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    PGRP-SC2UAS.cGa
    ameliorates  cancer
    modeled by yki3SA.lexAop.Tag:Myr(Unk),GFP
    (Chen et al., 2022)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PGLYRP1; peptidoglycan recognition protein 1
    12 of 14
    604963
         
        PGLYRP3; peptidoglycan recognition protein 3
        6 of 14
        608197
             
            PGLYRP4; peptidoglycan recognition protein 4
            6 of 14
            608198
                PGLYRP2; peptidoglycan recognition protein 2
                5 of 14
                608199
                    Functional Complementation Data
                    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                    Interactions
                    Summary of Physical Interactions
                    Interaction Browsers
                    Summary of Genetic Interactions
                    Interaction Browsers
                    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                    Starting gene(s)
                    Interaction type
                    Interacting gene(s)
                    Reference
                    Starting gene(s)
                    Interaction type
                    Interacting gene(s)
                    Reference
                    Lam
                    suppressible
                    PGRP-LB|PGRP-SC2
                    (Chen et al., 2014)
                    External Data
                    Linkouts
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    Pathways
                    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                    Metabolic Pathways
                    FlyBase
                    External Links
                    External Data
                    Linkouts
                    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                    Class of Gene
                    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                    Chromosome (arm)
                    2R
                    Recombination map
                    2-59
                    Cytogenetic map
                    44E2-44E2
                    Sequence location
                    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                    Cytogenetic map
                    Evidence for location
                    44E2-44E2
                    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)44DEa05847 and P{lacW}Rya-r44Fk04913
                    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                    Cytogenetic map
                    Notes
                    References
                    44E-44E
                    (Werner et al., 2000)
                    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                    Location

                    2-59

                    (FlyBase, 2016)

                    2-57.8

                    (Comeron et al., 2012)
                    Left of (cM)
                    Right of (cM)
                    Notes
                    Stocks and Reagents
                    Stocks (5)
                    Genomic Clones (12)
                     

                    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                    cDNA Clones (0)
                     

                    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                    BDGP DGC clones
                      Other clones
                        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                          BDGP DGC clones
                            Other clones
                              RNAi and Array Information
                              Linkouts
                              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                              Antibody Information
                              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                               
                              Commercially Available Antibodies
                               
                              Cell Line Information
                              Publicly Available Cell Lines
                               
                                Other Stable Cell Lines
                                 
                                  Other Comments

                                  Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background.

                                  (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)
                                  Relationship to Other Genes
                                  Source for database merge of

                                  Source for merge of: PGRP-SC2 CG14745

                                  (Werner et al., 2000)
                                  Additional comments
                                  Nomenclature History
                                  Source for database identify of
                                  Nomenclature comments
                                  Etymology
                                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
                                  Reported As
                                  Symbol Synonym
                                  CG14745
                                  (Palu and Thummel, 2016, Petersen et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Horner et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Pal et al., 2007, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Irving et al., 2001, McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)
                                  CG14745 PGRP
                                  (Sano et al., 2005)
                                  PCRP-SC2
                                  (Hang et al., 2014)
                                  PGRP SC
                                  (Cammarata-Mouchtouris et al., 2022)
                                  PGRP-SC
                                  (Lesperance and Broderick, 2020, Min and Tatar, 2018, Ryu et al., 2010, Ramet et al., 2002)
                                  PGRP-SC2
                                  (Joly et al., 2025, Kang et al., 2025, Rommelaere et al., 2025, Wei et al., 2025, Wu et al., 2025, Zheng et al., 2025, Balakireva et al., 2024, Fioriti et al., 2024, Hachfi et al., 2024, Hédelin et al., 2024, Li et al., 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, Gupta et al., 2023, Khan et al., 2023, Krejčová et al., 2023, Abe et al., 2022, Gallo et al., 2022, Yu et al., 2022, Zhou et al., 2022, Ferguson et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2021, Benoit et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Lu et al., 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Rodriguez-Fernandez et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Zhou and Boutros, 2020, Zhou et al., 2020, Maitra et al., 2019, Sanuki et al., 2019, Hemphill et al., 2018, Musselman et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Duneau et al., 2017, Yadav et al., 2017, Capo et al., 2016, Costechareyre et al., 2016, Castillo et al., 2015, Jasper, 2015, Kavi et al., 2015, Ma et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Guo et al., 2014, Hang et al., 2014, Kurata, 2014, Myllymäki et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Ayyaz and Jasper, 2013, Marianes and Spradling, 2013, Petersen et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Stefanatos et al., 2013, Telonis-Scott et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kalajdzic et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Rynes et al., 2012, Marcu et al., 2011, Paredes et al., 2011, Valanne et al., 2011, Carpenter et al., 2009, Obbard et al., 2009, Ye et al., 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2008, Firth and Baker, 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Zaidman-Remy et al., 2007, Bischoff et al., 2006, Lazzaro et al., 2006, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Jiggins and Hurst, 2003, Mellroth et al., 2003, Christophides et al., 2002)
                                  Pgrp-SC2
                                  (Fan et al., 2023)
                                  pgrp-sc
                                  (Fink et al., 2016)
                                  pgrp-sc2
                                  (Fan et al., 2015)
                                  Name Synonyms
                                  PGRP-SC2
                                  (Mossman et al., 2016)
                                  Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2
                                  (Marcu et al., 2011)
                                  Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-SC2 precursor
                                  (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Rollmann et al., 2008)
                                  Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                  • FBgn0033328
                                  Datasets (0)
                                  Study focus (0)
                                  Experimental Role
                                  Project
                                  Project Type
                                  Title
                                  Study result (0)
                                  Result
                                  Result Type
                                  Title
                                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 52 )
                                  Sequence Crossreferences
                                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                  UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                  Other crossreferences
                                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                  FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                  Linkouts
                                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                  Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                  Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                                  KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                  References (141)