FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\dpr21
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\dpr21
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
defective proboscis extension response 21
Annotation Symbol
CG42596
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0260995
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-55
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:3066499..3191011
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (2 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from expression pattern
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000589413
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000589413
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
DEFECTIVE PROBOSCIS EXTENSION RESPONSE -
Defective proboscis extension response (Dpr) cell surface proteins are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. They form a complex interaction network with Dpr-interacting proteins (DIPs), acting as neuronal surface labels in the specificity of synaptic connections between neurons and target cells. (Adapted from FBrf0230454 and FBrf0149073).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\dpr21 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A0A0C4DHN4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0334939
993
282
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\dpr21 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.65

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\dpr21 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 1 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of dpr21
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of dpr21
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 0 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
    Phenotype manifest in
    Allele
    Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (79)
    2 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    2 of 14
    Yes
    No
    2 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    2 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
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    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    4  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    3  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    2  
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    2  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    11  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    4  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    2  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    3  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    4  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (51)
    2 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
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    No
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    No
    Yes
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    No
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    No
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    No
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    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (52)
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (27)
    2 of 13
    Yes
    Yes
    2 of 13
    Yes
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
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    No
    1 of 13
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    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
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    No
    1 of 13
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    No
    1 of 13
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    1 of 13
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    1 of 13
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    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (69)
    2 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    2 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    2 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (15)
    7 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (68)
    11 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    10 of 12
    No
    Yes
    10 of 12
    No
    Yes
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:dpr21. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (58)
    8 of 13
    8 of 13
    7 of 13
    7 of 13
    7 of 13
    7 of 13
    7 of 13
    6 of 13
    6 of 13
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    2 of 13
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    2 of 13
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    2 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
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    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2R
      Recombination map
      2-55
      Cytogenetic map
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      41A1-41A1
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (3)
      Genomic Clones (51)
      cDNA Clones (1)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  New annotation (CG42596) in release 5.19 of the genome annotation.

                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of
                  Additional comments
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of

                  Source for identity of: dpr21 CG42596

                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (4)
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 21 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  References (23)